Danish State-of-Art on Micro and Macro Algae

Danish State-of-Art on Micro and Macro Algae Lars Nikolaisen, B.Sc. (Mech.Eng.) Danish Technological Institute. Lone Thybo Mouritsen M.Sc. Ocean Centre Denmark Annette Bruhn, PhD. Aarhus University 15 th of May 2012. 1 st Workshop in Nordic Algae Network Blue Lagoon, Iceland e-mail: LSN@teknologisk.dk

Overview over Danish activities Key-actors: Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus University, Ocean Centre Denmark, AlgeCenter Danmark, Algae Innovation Centre (Poul Madsen), Marifood (Rasmus Bjerregård), DTU-Environment, University of Southern Denmark. More actors are active. Projects: Ulva lactuca for Energy, Algae for Biogas, Macro Algae Biorefinery, New Ingrediense and Green Energy, Waste Water Treatment with Macro and Micro algae and others. Networks: The Danish Seaweed Network (Dr. Susan L. Holdt), Nordic Algae Network (DTI), Business Network (Ocean Centre)

AlgaeCenter Denmark Four partners: Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus University, Ocean Centre Denmark, The Kattegatcentre

Havets Hus/Ocean Centre Denmark Ocean Centre Denmark is a coming research, business development and knowledge dissemination centre The partners behind Ocean Centre Denmark is Aarhus University, Norddjurs Municipality and the Kattegatcentre (a large public aquarium) Ocean Centre Denmark will consist of: Research facilities Facilities for businesses An aquarium where marine biology, ecology and the latest research and innovation will be communicated to the public and to school children

Business network Ocean Centre Denmark has started a network for businesses and researchers who are all interested in integrating algae in a very wide array of products (food, feed, energy, ingredients, agriculture) 14 businesses are part of the network and 9 researchers and consultants The businesses are quite different and not competing but still have a common interest in: Sourcing Danish algae biomass for their production Possibly starting a Danish production of algae Exchange knowledge about challenges using/sourcing/storing etc. algae biomass

Macro Algae Biorefinery A new Danish funded project. Budget 24 million DKK The Hypothesis in the project are: 1) Two brown macroalgae (Saccarina latissima and Laminaria digitata) can be upgraded to energy carriers (either bioethanol, buthanol or biogas) by conversion of 80% of the fermentable sugars, leaving behind a concentrated solid fraction rich in protein and lipids, which can be used for fish feed. 2) A substantial amount (90%) of the remaining, undigested sugars i.e. the C5 sugars can be converted to additional value-added amino acids (isoleucine and arginine) for fish feed supplement.

Macro Algae Biorefinery- Structure WP1: Cultivation and harvesting WP8: Management WP2: Pretreatment and storage WP3: Liquid biofuels. Ethanol and butanol WP4: Gaseous biofuel and amino acids WP5: Fish feed WP6: Sustainability and feasibility WP7: Dissemination

Danish Seaweed Network Aim: The Seaweed Network in Denmark aims to promote the production, application, communication and knowledge of seaweed, and also strengthen the national collaboration Tang som food og non-food Invitation til tangnetværksmøde mandag d. 23. marts kl. 16 DTU Aqua Søltoft plads bygning 221, lokale 237 (2. sal) 2800 Kgs. Lyngby 16.00 Velkomst Præsentationsrunde af fremmødte Tang i køkkenet Ole G. Mouritsen Forfatter og professor SDU Dansk tang i helsekost Torben Sønnichsen Bioliving Den gode kemi i tang Susan L. Holdt DTU Aqua Plantestoffer og Sundhed Hvad arbejder de med på Institut for Kemi-, Bio- og Miljøteknologi, SDU Xavier Fretté/Bent Lyager ca. 18.00 En lille anretning og snak Hypoglossum sp. foto: Susan L.Holdt Tilmelding til Susan senest ons. d. 18. marts på email: susan@akvakultur.dk eller 2627 2707 The network group started in winter 2008 www.akvakultur.dk (see tangnettet ) in Danish Now 226 members from industry, universities, restaurants, organizations, local and national authorities, and persons that work with or have interest in seaweed 6 meetings and 6 newsletters Fundings from LMC: Centre for Advanced Food Studies US$ 20,000 Non-profit No member fee No administrative costs

Danish Seaweed Network Meetings and recommendations Future cultivation of seaweed in DK Seaweed as food and non-food Seaweed in food Seaweed now and in the future Recommendations for seaweed for bioenergy and food Next. Recommendations for seaweed production (incl. biofilter), feed and cosmetic applications Recommendations aimed at guiding: General public Tenders: Research grants Business Local authorities National politicians in Denmark The Seaweed Netork in Denmarks members distributed by affiliation, Holdt 2011

Natural Ingredients and Green Energy Innovation consortium: UpFront Chromatography Aquaporin DSS Silkeborg Agro Korn CEBI Launis Fiskekonserves Jens Møller Products Aller Aqua University of Southern Denmark Technical University of Denmark Aarhus University Danish Technological Institute Overveiw: 1) High value products (proteins, antioxidants, pigments) can be extracted from waste products and algae using sustainable extraction processes Red algae pigments effects of light and nutrients 2) Residues can be used for anaerobic digestion to biogas or combustion

BioWalk4Biofuel EU FP7: Italy Jordan India Sweden Holland Latvia Spain Denmark (Aarhus University Danish Technological Institute) Overview: 1) Bio waste products with high nitrogen content will be used for cultivation of algae 2) Algae and bio waste will be used for production of biogas 3) Residues from biogas production will be used for soil improvement 4) Biogas will be upgraded to Liquid Biogas (LBG)

The Ulva lactuca project in brief Danish funding from government owned Energinet.dk Total budget: DKK 10.437.000, (Euro 1.400.000) Energinet.dk support: DKK 8.500.000, (Euro 1.133.000) Duration: April 2008 until October 2011 Contract holder: Danish Technological Institute (DTI) Key actors: Anne-Belinda Bjerre, Lars Nikolaisen, Jonas Dahl, DTI Henrik Bangsøe Nielsen, Zsofia Kadar, Stefan Heiske, DTU Risø Per Ambus, Kristian Albert Rost, DTU Risø Michael Bo Rasmussen, Annette Bruhn, Dept. of Biosciense, Aarhus University Bo Sander, Erik Ravn Schmidt, DONG Energy Karin Svane Bech, Torben Brødsgaard, Peter Daugbjerg Jensen, DTI

Purpose of the Ulva project Production potential of Ulva Growth of Ulva in basins Effect of CO2 / flue gas from Power Plants to boost the growth Energy potential of Ulva Physical and chemical characterisation of Ulva Pretreatement for fermentation, combustion and gasification Bioethanol /Butanol production Biogas production Biofuel for Power Plants corrosion, emissions, waste water, flue gas cleaning, ash products Recommandations for Ulva production in basins at Power Plants Financial evaluation of Ulva for energy purpose

Yield in Tons DM/ha/year

First Ulva lactuca growth test. Summer 2008 Growth test in basins with 1, 4, 6, and 8 kg Ulva pr m² Measurements of N, P, ph, oxygen content in water, temperature Fresh salt water replacement 8 times pr 24 hours Fertilizer: N,P and K Linksys Wireless-G PTZ Internet Camera with Audio.url

Production potential Ulva Dept. of Biosciense test Results: Annual yield in tanks: 45 tons DM/ ha/year Increased yield by 21% when bubbled with flue gas No negative effect from flue gas on biochemistry measured C:N ratio increased by nitrogen starvation Optimum biomass density (shadow effect): 4 kg FW/m² basin

Ash analysis of dry Ulva DTI test Elements in ash (without Oxygen in the oxides )

Overall conclusions of the Ulva project 1. Annual yield is 4-5 times land based energy crops. 2. Potential for increased yield when bubbling with flue gas. 3. Ethanol / butanol can be produced from pretreated Ulva of C6 and - for butanol - also C5 sugars. Fermentation inhibitors are easily removed by screw pressing. 4. Methane yields of Ulva is at a level between cow manure and energy crops. 5. Thermal conversion of Ulva is possible with special equipment 6. Co-firing of Ulva with coal in power plants is limited due to high ash content. 7. Production of Ulva only for energy purpose at power plants is too costly 8. N2O emission has been observed in lab scale, but not in pilot scale production.

Future perspective for macro algae 1. Production of macro algae only for energy purpose is too costly 2. Large scale production of macro algae must be off-shore. 3. A biorefinery concept is needed to extract high value products as proteins, food & feed ingredients, materials etc. before end use for energy. 4. Macro algae is the new biomass ressource for the next decades.

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