The Macroalgae Biorefinery (MAB3) with Focus on Cultivation, Bioethanol Production, Fish Feed and Sustainability Assessment

Transcription

1 The Macroalgae Biorefinery (MAB3) with Focus on Cultivation, Bioethanol Production, Fish Feed and Sustainability Assessment Dr. Anne-Belinda Bjerre Xiaoru Hou, Annette Bruhn, Michael Bo Rasmussen, Mette Nielsen, Jens Kjerulf, Ditte Tørring, Peter Daugbjerg Jensen, Jonas Høeg Hansen, Anne Meyer, Dirk Mann, Bodo Sake, Michele Seghetta, Simone Bastianoni, Marianne Thomsen

2 The MacroAlgaeBiorefinery : MAB3 Title: Sustainable production of 3G energy carriers (ethanol, butanol og biogas) and fish feed from macroalgae (Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima) Project period: 1st of March st of March 2016 Financied by the Danish Strategic Research Council (20,4 mill. DKK total budget på 24 mill. DKK) 12 Partnere fra Denmark, Irland, Italy, Germany Education of 4 ph.d. and 2 post students Coordinator Danish Technological Institute v/ Anne-Belinda Bjerre)

3 MAB3: Financed by the Danish Strategic Research Counsil WP1: Cultivation and harvesting WP8: Management WP2: Pretreatment and storage WP3: Liquid biofuels. Ethanol and butanol WP4: Gaseous biofuel and amino acids WP5: Fish feed WP6: Sustainability and feasibility WP7: Dissemination

4 Partners Danish Technological Institute (Coordinator) (DK) Aarhus University (AaU) (2 institutes) (DK) Danish Techical University (DTU) (3 institutes) (DK) Ireland University (IRL) Hamburg University (DE) Sienna University (I) Orbicon (DK) DONG Energy (DK) Aller-Aqua (DK) Vitalys (DK) Dangrønt (DK) Novozymes (DK) participates as affiliated partner (delivery of enzymes and participating in the advisory board)

5 Bioethanol case study Harvesting and conversion of brown algae optimized for high sugar content and i.e. ethanol production Input: cultivation system (lines, buoys, water, nutrients, etc.) Input: boats, trucks fuels Input: construction and building materials, enzymes, energy and electricity, water Inputs Material and energy Bioethanol Macroalgae cultivation and harvesting Algae Transport Algae MAB3 MacroalgaeBiorefinery Protein Transport and distribution of algae based Bioethanol, protein and value added products Output CO2eq Other outputs Emissions in air and water Output CO2eq Other outputs Emissions in air and water Output CO2eq Other output Emission in air, water and soil Output CO2eq Other output Emission in air, water and soil System boundary Seghetta et al., LCA study of bioethanol and protein production from a macroalgae biorefinery. Journal of Cleaner Production, (in prep.)

6 Cultivation of brown algae 10 km of seeded lines Saccharina latissima Laminaria digitata Deployed september Line mussel system Limfjorden, Denmark

7 Harvest Saccharina latissima May 2013 Growth periode: 7-8 months Yield: 2 wet tonnes of S. latissima (2 km line) Harvest technology: line mussel cultivation

8 Harvest Laminaria digitata Natural population 300 kg August 2012 Adams et al, 2011

9 Conditioning Drying Silage Screw pressing Laminaria 78% 75% 50 C (4 days): Laminaria % Saccharina 89% --- 9% Saccharina 89% 88%

10 Raw material characterisation Laminaria Digitata harvested August 2012 a Protein (%) Sulphated fucoidan (%) Mannitol (%) Glucose (%) Others (%) Residues (%) Total Organic Compounds (%) b Minerals (%) Total Organic Compounds include N and Sulphated fucoidan related S a: Thanks to Dirk Manns (DTU) for all the checmial composition analysis

11 MAB3 Ethanol Biorefinery concept Wet algae biomass (Laminaria digitata) Conditioning (e.g. drying, preservation, dewatering) Pretreatment (wet milling) C6-Fermentation Input: construction and building materials, enzymes, energy and electricity, water MAB3 MacroalgaeBiorefinery Enzymatic prehydrolysis Bioethanol Proteins Separation of liquid and solid Output CO2eq Other output Emission in air, water and soil Residuals (minerals)

12 PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC LIQUEFACTION Wet Brown Seaweed Pretreatment (Disc Milling) Enzymatic Liquefaction (Picture: Annette Bruhn) (Picture: Dirk Manns DTU) (Picture: Dirk Manns DTU) Enzymatic hydrolysis Laminaria digitata (approx. 2m, DM 27%) (Picture: Stinus Andersen DTU) Sprout-Bauer 12 Lab disc mill (disc distances 1.0 and 0.2mm at 3% DM) Center for BioProcess Engineering DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark

13 PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC LIQUEFACTION Liquid fraction Separation after milling Fibers (Picture: Stinus Andersen DTU) (Picture: Dirk Manns DTU) Disc distance [mm] 0.2mm 1.0mm Glucose [% dry fibers] 22.8 ± ± 0.7 Enzymatic hydrolysis conducted on fibres: ph 5.1, T 40 C, t 72h, 4% [S]/[V], 5% [E]/[S] CellicCTec2 (Novozymes), 0.25% [E]/[S] Alginate Lyase (EC ) Center for BioProcess Engineering DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark

14 ETHANOL PRODUCTION 1. SHF in three differently pretreated macroalgae Exp ID Laminaria 1 Laminaria 2 Laminaria 3 Pretreatment condition Freshly milled by disc mill (0.2 mm disc distance), Water used to get biomass through and was separated afterwards Freshly milled by disc mill (1 mm disc distance) Water used to get biomass through and was separated afterwards Substrate DM (%, w/v) Enzyme loading CellicCtec2: 5 % v/w [E]/[S] CellicCtec2: 5 % v/w [E]/[S] Washed and dried, grinded and screened (1 mm) Celluclast 1.5L: 40 U/g DM Alginate Lyase (EC ): 0.25 % v/w [E]/[S] Alginate Lyase (EC ): 0.25 % v/w [E]/[S] Alginate lyase (EC ): 10 U/g DM Hydrolysis temperature ( C) Yeast inoculation conc. (g/l) Fermentation temperature ( C) Ethanol yield (% theoretical value), after 24 h fermentation Ethanol yield (% theoretical value), after 48 h fermentation

15 ETHANOL PRODUCTION 2. SSF in DM 5% and DM 10% substrates Exp ID Laminaria 4 Laminaria 5 Pretreatment condition Washed and dried, grinded and screened (ø 1 mm) Washed and dried, grinded and screened (ø 1 mm) Substrate DM (%, w/v) 5 10 Enzyme loading Celluclast 1.5L: 40 U/g DM Alginate lyase (EC ): 10 U/g DM Celluclast 1.5L: 40 U/g DM Alginate lyase (EC ): 10 U/g DM Pre-hydrolysis condition ph C 250 rpm 16 h ph C 250 rpm 16 h Yeast inoculation conc. (g/l) 2 2 SSF condition 34 C, 34 C, 200 rpm 200 rpm Ethanol yield (% theoretical value), after 24 h fermentation Ethanol yield (% theoretical value), after 48 h fermentation

16 ETHANOL PRODUCTION Primary Conclusion 1. Glucose can be efficiently converted into ethanol in Separate hydrolysis and fermentation 2. The suboptimal hydrolysis conditions in SSF reduce the hydrolysis efficiency with negative effects on the final ethanol yield 3. Residue is enrich in protein for fish feed trials

17 MAB3 Ethanol Biorefinery concept 100 kg wet algae biomass (Laminaria digitata) 2 kg Algae juice (dry matter) Conditioning (e.g. drying, preservation, dewatering) 2,5 kg Value added products (Fucoidan) 7,4 kg Ethanol + 7,1 kg CO 2 Pretreatment (wet milling) C6-Fermentation Input: construction and building materials, enzymes, energy and electricity, water MAB3 MacroalgaeBiorefinery Enzymatic prehydrolysis Bioethanol Proteins 1-1,5 kg Protein Separation of liquid and solid Output CO2eq Other output Emission in air, water and soil 2 kg Amino acids Residual sugars fermentation 3 kg fertilizer (inorganic salts and silicium) Residuals

18 Economic potential Price ( /kg) Weight Scenario Scenario Scenario Scenario (kg) 1 a 2 b 1 2 Wet algae Cost Value added products (Fucoidan) Ethanol Protein Income Amino acids Fertilizers Margin a Scenario 1: Price of macroalgae from Watson, L. and Dring, M., Business plan for the establishment of a seaweed hatchery & grow-out farm. Irish sea Fisheries Board, pp 41. b Scenario 2: Price of macroalgae from Michael Bo Rasmussen personal communication.

19 Environmental sustainability assessment -CO2 savings Input: cultivation system (lines, buoys, water, nutrients) GHG savings on the climate mitigation bank account Macroalgae cultivation and harvesting Output CO2eq Other outputs Emissions in air and water Algae Amounts (g/kg) Macroalgae carbon content Macroalgae nitrogen content 3-5 CO 2 assimilation Avoided N 2 O emission from N assimilation 4-8 Total CO 2 eq According to IPCC guidelines

20 Conclusions Sustainability and Economic feasibility Raw material price is essential for the overall feasibility Macroalgae cultivation has high potential for CO2 saving providing water quality protection by assimilating excess nutrients

21 Acknowledgement Thanks to the Danish Council for Strategic Research for financing the MAB3 project. More information: