Dr. Joseph SAFIEH ENEN President

Nuclear Engineering Education in EUROPE 27 through Networking Dr. Joseph SAFIEH ENEN President The Present Status of Nuclear Energy Picture taken from the Generation IV roadmap document December 2002 1

Current status of the nuclear industry: 439 nuclear power plants in operation with a total net installed capacity of 372.002 GW(e) 6 nuclear power plants in long term shutdown 33 nuclear power plants under construction The Present Status of Nuclear Energy Reactors Building : 33 units; 26,838 MWe On order or planned : 94 units;101,595 MWe 1.6 billion Human Beings have no Electricity Nuclear Electricity : 2658 billion kwh 16% Source wna, october 2007 2

Nuclear energy in Europe Electricity generation shares in EU-25 (2005) 152 reactors in 15 countries in EU-27, producing 31% of EU s electricity The largest source of low carbon energy Excellent safety record Europe, a world leader but competition is building (Russia, Japan, USA, China, India) Source : European Nuclear Energy Forum, Bratislava, 26-27 November 2007 Energy consumption shares in EU-25 (2005) EUROPE 27 : The Present Status 3

Belgium : seven reactors generating more than ½ of its electricity Due to political factors in the governing coalition, a January 2003 Act prohibited the building of new NPP and limited the operating lives of existing ones to 40 years. Reactors Model MWe First Power Licence Doel 1 Doel 2 Doel 3 Doel 4 Tihange 1 Tihange 2 Tihange 3 392.5 392.5 1006 985 962 1008 1015 1974 1975 1982 1985 1975 1982 1985 2014 2015 2022 2025 2015 2022 2025 This Agreement is made between 1. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, 2. Universiteit Gent, UGent, 3. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, KULeuven, 4. Université de Liège, ULg, 5. Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL, 6. Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, 4

Plant Biblis-A Neckarwestheim-1 Brunsbüttel Biblis-B Unterweser Isar-1 Phillipsburg-1 Grafenrheinfeld Krummel Gundremmingen-B Type BWR BWR BWR BWR BWR MWe (net) 1167 785 771 1240 1345 878 890 1275 1260 1284 Year start 1975 1976 1977 1977 1979 1979 1980 1982 1884 1984 Scheduled shut-down 2008 2009 2009 2009 or 2011 2012 2011 2012 2014 2016 2016 Germany : obtains 1/3 of its electricity from 17 NPP 20 339 MWe Due to political factors, after the 1998 federal elections, decided the phasing out of nuclear energy. Limit the average operational lives of NPP to 32 years Gundremmingen-C BWR 1288 1985 2016 Gröhnde 1360 1985 2017 Phillipsburg-2 1392 1985 2018 Brokdorf 1370 1986 2019 Isar-2 1400 1988 2020 Emsland 1329 1988 2021 Neckarwestheim-2 1305 1989 2022 5

General Situation of German Nuclear Education General approach: Nuclear education as add-on within or on top of a classical engineering or natural science education Two former standards: nuclear education as a specialization during the last two years of a engineering or science diploma program nuclear education as post graduate course for students already holding a (5 years) diploma in engineering or physics All German universities with nuclear education have changed or are changing their diploma programs into a bachelor/master scheme General approach to nuclear education remains unchanged Emerging standard is a nuclear master course of 3 or 4 semesters after a bachelor in engineering or natural science Recent Developments In the 1970ies and 80ies, many German universities and colleges of higher education were heavily engaged in nuclear education Coincidence of two important developments during past 10 years Cumulated retirements of professors since the mid 1990ies Extreme lack of students after phase-out decision in 1998 Effect: decay and fragmentation of academic nuclear competences Only a few academic establishments remained with significant nuclear commitment and willingness to provide the necessary financial resources Alliance for Nuclear Competence (Kompetenzverbund) built of major nuclear research centres main nuclear universities Regional sponsoring of main nuclear universities by utilities Significant number of new professorships Regional clustering around research establishments 6

Alliance for Nuclear Competence Regional University Sponsoring by Utilities 7

Nuclear Research and Education Cluster South-West (Baden-Württemberg) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Institut für Transurane Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Universität Stuttgart Hochschule Furtwangen University Hochschule Ulm United Kingdom : obtains ~20% of its electricity from 19 NPP 11 035 MWe, but current plans will see all but one retired by 2023 It has full fuel cycle facilities including major reprocessing plants Reactors Type Net capacity each Start up shutdown Oldbury 1 & 2 Magnox 217 MWe 1968 Dec 2008 Wylfa 1 & 2 Magnox 490 MWe 1971-72 Dec 2010 Dungeness B 1 & 2 AGR 545 MWe 1985-86 2018 Hartlepool 1 & 2 AGR 595 MWe 1984-85 2014 Heysham 1 & 2 AGR 615 MWe 1985-86 2014 Heysham 3 & 4 AGR 615 MWe 1988-89 2023 Hinkley Point B 1 & 2 AGR 620 & 600 MWe* 1976-78 2011 or 2017 Hunterston B 1 & 2 AGR 610 & 605 MWe* 1976-77 2011 or 2017 Torness 1 & 2 AGR 625 MWe 1988-89 2023 Sizewell B 1196 MWe 1995 2035 8

Nuclear Technology Education Consortium (NTEC) A consortium of 11 UK Universities and other Institutions providing postgraduate education in nuclear engineering, science and technology Funded by the UK Government through the EPSRC Manchester University Dalton Institute Materials Research Centre Decommissioning Engineering The Dalton Nuclear Institute provides the focal point for the University s research and education activities and interacts with external bodies nationally and internationally in an expanding portfolio, including key R&D facilities. Radiation Science Some of the many research areas within the portfolio Sellafield Research Centre 9

UK Eng Doc Programme A consortium of UK universities, led by the University of Manchester in partnership with Imperial College London, is offering a fully funded EngD in Nuclear Engineering. Stipend: Standard EPSRC doctoral stipend enhanced by a contribution from the sponsoring company The primary objective of the Nuclear EngD will be to provide outstanding young nuclear Research Engineers with intensive, broadly based training in collaboration with industrial companies so that they are equipped to take up senior roles within the nuclear industry. In addition to obtaining a high quality qualification the Research Engineers will gain experience of working in an industrial research and development environment. This four year programme involves the Research Engineer being based within an industrial company in the UK. Birmingham University MSc Physics & Technology of Nuclear Reactors The aim of our MSc course in the Physics and Technology of Nuclear Reactors - which was started in 1956 - is to provide the necessary background, both in breadth and in depth, for anyone wishing to enter the nuclear industry. Since 1956 the areas of study and degree of specialization involved have changed considerably to reflect the increasing sophistication of the field, and yet the overall breadth of the course has been maintained, because we feel that only in this way can new entrants to the field obtain a perspective which will be of continuous help in future careers. 10

France : derives around 80% of its electricity from nuclear energy. This is due to a longstanding policy based on energy security. 30 900MWe; 24 1300 MWe; Reactor Belleville 1 & 2 Blayais 1-4 Bugey 2-3, 4-5 Cattenom 1-4 Chinon B 1-4 Chooz B 1-2 Civaux 1-2 MWe net, each 1310 910 910, 880 1300 905 1500 1495 start 6/88, 1/89 12/81-10/83 3/79-1/80 4/87-1/92 2/84-4/88 5/00, 9/00 3/00, 9/00 4 1450MWe and 1 fast breeder (Phénix) Cruas 1-4 Dampierre 1-4 Fessenheim 1-2 Flamanville 1-2 915 890 880 1330 4/84-4/85 9/80-11/81 12/77, 3/78 12/86, 3/87 Golfech 1-2 1310 2/91, 3/94 Gravelines B 1-4 910 11/80-10/81 Gravelines C 5-6 910 1/85, 10/85 Nogent s/seine 1-2 1310 2/88, 5/89 Paluel 1-4 1330 12/85-6/86 Penly 1-2 1330 12/90, 1192 Saint-Alban 1-2 1335 5/86, 3/87 Saint-Laurent B 1-2 915 8/83 Tricastin 1-4 915 12/80-11/81 Phenix 233 7/74 INSTN s «Génie Atomique» Engineering degree No undergraduate education in nuclear engineering in France A one year specialization course in nuclear engineering, a master after the master s degree 7 months : courses, conferences, visits, exercices, laboratory sessions (> 550 hours) 5 to 9 months : Master thesis interships in research centres, universities, industry.. 11

INSTN s «Génie Atomique» Engineering degree Master degree in nuclear engineering accredeted by the French National Accreditation Commission (CTI) A one year specialization course on the different scientific and technical aspects relative to : the design and the construction, as well as the operation of nuclear plants Admission criteria : a french engineering degree (or equivalent) regular students in the last year of an engineering school having signed an agreement with CEA-INSTN More than 4200 engineers graduated since 1955 160 140 120 100 80 60 49 111 118 125 105 110 136 137 103 123 128 128 119 102 109 66 59 55 54 91 96 90 73 75 101 103 86 73 63 82 96 Grenoble Cherbourg Cadarache Saclay Total 74 80 57 91 71 81 91 69 88 93 85 64 62 67 49 68 63 66 68 80 40 40 41 20 0 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 12

Masters degree in reactor physics Co-titled and organized by Paris XI Orsay University and INSTN, Six modules : 50 hours each Interactions of radiation with matter Modelisation and simulation Reactor Physics Signal analysis and particule detection Neutronics Applied neutronics Starting from September 2008, a new masters degree in Nuclear Reactor Technology, oriented R&D, in English Nuclear Engineering Education France Master level Source: B. Tarride CEA/INSTN 13

From ENEN project to ENEN Association 5th Framework EC programme, January 2002 The European Nuclear Engineering Network project: establishes the basis for conserving nuclear knowledge and expertise creates a European Higher Education Area for nuclear disciplines initiates the implementation of the Bologna declaration in the nuclear disciplines Deliverables and results at http://www.sckcen.be/enen www.sckcen.be/enen/ ENEN Association The European Higher Education Area,, in the field of nuclear education, is formalised by creating the European Nuclear Education Network, the ENEN Association under the French law of 1901, on 22 September 2003 Effective members : Academic Institutions Associated members : Research centres, industry, regulatory bodies 14

ENEN : Mission and First objectives MISSION : the preservation and further development of higher nuclear education and expertise Deliver a European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering Establish a framework for mutual recognition To encourage and support PhD studies Foster/strengthen the relationship with research laboratories, industry and regulatory bodies, Promote exchange of students and teachers Increase the number of students by providing incentives Overview of ENEN Members 40 Universities 6 Research Centres 1 Industry located in 18 European countries 15

Association s Organization General Assembly Board of Directors (Governing Board) Management Committee General Secretary Chairman Chairman Chairman Chairman Chairman Committee 1 Committee 2 Committee 3 Committee 4 Committee 5 Teaching and Academic Affairs Committee Advanced Courses and Research Committee Training and Industrial Projects Committee Quality Assurance Committee Knowledge Management Committee 3*+2** 3*+2** 2*+3** 3*+2** 3*+2** Teaching & Academic Affairs Committee Objectives and tasks Awarding the European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering; Promoting student and faculty exchange by encouraging and supporting the organisation of international exchange courses by ENEN members; Promoting the harmonisation of nuclear engineering curricula throughout Europe; Supporting the organisation of high-quality nuclear engineering courses by ENEN members; Awarding the International ENEN Course label, in collaboration with the ENEN QA Committee 16

EMSNE - ENEN Certification Flyer International Exchange course 17

Architecture of the European Masters of Science in Nuclear Engineering EMSNE : Full Two Years Program 120 ECTS, At least 60 ECTS must be purely nuclear, 20 ECTS must be obtained from a foreign institution, member of ENEN Association Mandatory (common denominator in basic knowledge of nuclear engineering) and optional courses Definition of each course s curriculum - n of ECTS Master thesis Main achievement EMSNE First Certificates First three students receiving (Romania & France) the EMSNE certificates during ENC 2005, Versailles December 18

Advanced Courses & Research Committee Objectives and Tasks: Ensure the link between ENEN members and research laboratories in the European Community Identify and disseminate topics for internships, master theses and PhDs Encourage and support student mobility Define, design and organise advanced courses for students, PhD candidates and young professionals ENEN Advanced Courses 19

IP EUROTRANS Objective Design and feasibility assessment of an industrial prototype Accelerator Driven System (ADS) dedicated to transmutation, together with the definition of a design backup solution, to perform Nuclear Incineration of Long-lived Radioisotopes after their partitioning from high level waste streams. Budget 2005-2008 (EC Contribution) Total 23 Mio Education and Training 1.8 Mio 17 EU Universities participate to IP EUROTRANS through the ENEN Association the ENEN Association ENEN in IP EUROTRANS Represents them at the EUROTRANS Coordination Committee and other governing bodies Facilitates interaction and cooperation between research scientists and PhD students Organises 10 specialised (advanced) courses on project related topics 20

ENEN within IP EUROTRANS October 5-8, 2005 KTH Stockholm ADS: objectives, context, concepts, challenges (scientific and technical) 9 PhD students June 7-10, 2006 Universidad Santiago de Compostela Nuclear data for transmutation: status, needs and methods 15 PhD students March 21-23, 2007 Université Catholique Louvain ADS thermal-hydraulics: system codes, models and experimental validation 9 PhD students May 10-11, 2007 SCKCEN, Mol in cooperation with Goethe Universität Frankfurt Particle Accelerator Technology November 26-30 24-27, 2007 University of Pisa Fuels and Structural Reactor Materials 9 PhD students 17 PhD students Course 1 Materials for Reactor Fuels and Structures from July 2 to July 6 Course 2 Experimental and Computational Data Evaluation and Assimilation from July 9 to July 13 Course 3 Validation and Qualification of Neutronics for Advanced LWRs and Fast Reactors from July 16 to July 20 Course 4 LWR Core Physics and Fuel Management from July 23 to July 27 Course 5 LWR Thermal-Hydraulics and Fuel Modeling from July 30 to August 3 Course 6 LWR Safety and Risk Assessment: From Gen II to Gen IV from September 3 to September 7 Course 7 Fast Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics and Fuels from September 10 to September 14 Course 8 Fast Reactor Safety and Risk Assessment from September 17 to September 21 Course 9 Fuel Cycle Back-End, Reprocessing and Waste Management from September 24 to September 28 21

Objectives and Tasks: Training & Industrial Projects Committee Identify industrial needs for continuous professional development Organize continuous training courses on subjects of common interest for the affiliated associated members Maintain and disseminate a database on third cycle advanced courses and continued professional development sessions Support professional training, mobility of professionals and access to large nuclear infrastructures Integrate European industrial and national projects E. Wigner Course on Reactor Physics Experiments Fourth edition of a 17 days course : September, 2006 Main organiser : Institute of Nuclear Techniques of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE) Together with : Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STUB) Vienna University of Technology, Atominstitut (AI) Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) Courses, lectures & experiments on three reactors 22

Training Course on Nuclear Safety Nuclear Safety of WWER course - Bratislava 23

Course on Nuclear Safety - Munich, 12-23 Mars, 2007 ENEN EUR Training Course Levelling the Playing ground for New Nuclear Power Plants in Europe Helsinki June 6-10, 2005 24

Seminar on Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Manchester, November 19-30, 2007 25

2007 : Three training courses Saclay - France Objectives and Tasks Quality Assurance Committee Develop and implement QA processes to be applied in the design and delivery of education and training courses by the ENEN members Collect information and harmonise rules for selection, training and certification of teachers Evaluate and monitor the quality of current and newly proposed members of the ENEN Association Evaluate courses and award the International ENEN Course label, in collaboration with the ENEN Teaching and Academic Affairs Committee 26

Knowledge Management Committee Objectives and Tasks Identify and monitor deficiencies in scientific knowledge relevant to nuclear technology and safety Prepare, maintain and implement an action plan by academia in order to preserve valuable scientific knowledge Ensure efficient use of ICT for dissemination of knowledge, teaching and learning, databases, use of simulators Publish books, produce CDs and DVDs of interest to ENEN members Integrate and operate the ENEN web sites and communication systems Perspectives New 2 years Coordination Action under FP6: starting date 1 st October 2006, ENEN is the contractor for the EC Integration of PETRUS (waste disposal) and EURAC (radioprotection) projects budget ~ 1,2 M M Coordinator ENEN General Secretary 27

Objectives WP1 WP 1 - Integration of nuclear education, training and end user networks Establish and strengthen cooperation of the ENEN-A with other European Networks, share networking experience, establish contact points and information channels with European Networks of Excellence and with End User organisations and stakeholders. Merge networks in case this would result in added value Strengthen and structure the interactions and cooperation of the ENEN-A with regional networks outside Europe and worldwide networks related to education and training in nuclear disciplines. Objectives WP2 WP 2 - Development, Harmonisation and Consolidation of Academic Nuclear Education develop at least one non-overlapping education scheme and curricula covering 60 ECTS in nuclear disciplines in university clusters within the ENEN A Obtain a curriculum for Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Protection under the Erasmus Mundus scheme for ENEN members Set up the structure and procedures for the joint organisation of advanced courses in the academic environment on current nuclear topics (PSA, GEN IV, ) 28

Objectives WP3 WP 3 Facilitating and Supporting Research Establish a communication system between academia and end users for exchange of information on applied research needs and topics for internships, post-graduate and postdoctoral work. Establish within ENEN financing schemes and share experience for student mobility for internships and master theses. Establish the structure and modalities for an annual ENEN event for the dissemination of knowledge resulting from post-graduate and PhD research. Establish a Think Tank functionality within the ENEN A Objectives : WP4 WP 4 Professional Training Programmes Produce a documented survey of nuclear education and training programmes outside universities as compared to the end users needs. Identify gaps, needs and opportunities for the organisation of education and training programmes addressing professionals. Organise advanced pilot courses for professionals in cooperation with other networks ( WP 1) 29

Objectives : WP5 WP 5 Nuclear Knowledge Management Consolidate the different web sites and databases within the ENEN Association into a single communication system with access to other databases. Establish contact points in all ENEN countries for maintaining and updating database information on education programmes and training courses. Produce outputs of relevance to the European Nuclear Higher Education Area Promote career perspectives in nuclear applications at the career decision stage (secondary schools) Expand activities from the academic and research environment into o the industrial and regulatory organisations and attract their membership Promote international mutual recognition of professional training ng for key functions in nuclear industries, regulatory bodies and nuclear r applications Participate to EC framework projects, in particular in the European Higher Education and European Research Areas Expand into nuclear disciplines outside nuclear engineering like radioprotection, radiochemistry, waste management Continue to support and strengthen cooperation with the World NuclearN University and the regional nuclear education networks in Asia, North America.. Conclusions 30

New ENEN Web Site - Home page http://www.enen-assoc.org THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION EUROPEAN NUCLEAR EDUCATION NETWORK ASSOCIATION CEA-Centre de Saclay INSTN Bldg 395 F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FRANCE Tel +33 1 6908 3421 and +33 1 6908 9757 Fax +33 1 6908 9950 Email sec.enen@cea.fr http://www.enen-assoc.org Thanks to: - Philip Beeley, HMS Sultan for providing information concerning UK - Anselm Schaefer, ISaR TUM for providing information concerning Germany 31