凤尾蕨科 feng wei jue ke

This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Zhang, G. M., W. B. Liao, M. Y. Ding, Y. X. Lin, Z. H. Wu, X. C. Zhang, S. Y. Dong, J. Prado, M. G. Gilbert, G. Yatskievych, T. A. Ranker, E. A. Hooper, E. R. Alverson, J. S. Metzgar, A. M. Funston, S. Masuyama & M. Kato. 2013. Pteridaceae. Pp. 169 256 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 凤尾蕨科 feng wei jue ke Zhang Gangmin ( 张钢民 ) 1, Liao Wenbo ( 廖文波 ) 2, Ding Mingyan ( 丁明艳 ) 2, Lin Youxing ( 林尤兴 ) 3, Wu Zhaohong ( 吴兆洪 Wu Shiew-hung) 4, Zhang Xianchun ( 张宪春 ) 5, Dong Shiyong ( 董仕勇 ) 4 ; Jefferson Prado 6, Michael G. Gilbert 7, George Yatskievych 8, Tom A. Ranker 9, Elisabeth A. Hooper 10, Edward R. Alverson 11, Jordan S. Metzgar 12, A. Michele Funston 13, Shigeo Masuyama 14, Masahiro Kato 15 Plants mostly terrestrial or epilithic, some epiphytic, rarely aquatic (Ceratopteris), small to large. Rhizomes erect, ascending, or creeping, siphonostelic, solenostelic, or dictyostelic, usually scaly, rarely with bristles; scales brown or black, sometimes clathrate and iridescent, lanceolate to cordate, sometimes peltate, margin usually entire. Fronds mostly monomorphic, less often dimorphic or subdimorphic, clustered to widely scattered, not articulate; stipe well defined, dark, often glossy, to ill defined and green, terete or adaxially grooved, glabrous, hairy, or scaly, with 1 4 vascular bundles (or to many in Ceratopteris) near base, combining distally; lamina entire or 1 4-pinnate to 5-pinnate-pinnatifid, less often digitate, pedate, or 1 3 dichotomous with pedate branches; ultimate pinnules often stalked, sometimes articulate, herbaceous, papery, or leathery, more rarely membranous or fleshy; veins free or anastomosing, if anastomosing then areoles without free included veinlets. Sori mostly confluent along veins or marginal commissures, sometimes immersed in grooves, less often discrete on vein tips or on recurved membranous marginal lobe (false indusium), sometimes acrostichoid or rarely forming a narrow longitudinal band between midrib and margin (Taenitis); true indusium absent, marginal sori often protected by false indusium formed from revolute lamina margin. Sporangia usually long stalked, annulus vertical or rarely oblique, interrupted by stalk. Spores mostly brown, yellowish, or colorless, mostly tetrahedral-globose and trilete, rarely ellipsoid and monolete, smooth or ornamented, sometimes with an equatorial flange. Mostly x = 29, 30. About 50 genera and 950 species: subcosmopolitan, but most numerous in tropics and arid regions; 20 genera and 233 species (89 endemic, one introduced) in five subfamilies in China. Ching Ren-chang, Fu Shu-hsia, Wang Chu-hao & Shing Gung-hsia. 1959. Taenitis. In: Ching Ren-chang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 279 280; Lin Youxing. 1990. Adiantaceae and Parkeriaceae. In: Ching Renchang & Shing Kunghsia, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(1): 173 216, 274 278; Shing Kunghsia. 1990. Acrostichaceae and Hemionitidaceae. In: Ching Renchang & Shing Kunghsia, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(1): 92 94, 216 274, 279; Shing Kunghsia & Wu Sukung. 1990. Sinopteridaceae (excluding Cheilosoria and Notholaena). In: Ching Renchang & Shing Kunghsia, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(1): 97 173; Wu Shiewhung. 1990. Pteridaceae (excluding Histiopteris). In: Ching Renchang & Shing Kunghsia, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(1): 10 89; Zhang Xian-chun. 1999. Antrophyaceae and Vittariaceae. In: Chu Wei-ming, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(2): 1 31. 1a. Sporangia along veins or over most of abaxial surface of lamina. 2a. Lamina simple, entire. 3a. Plants terrestrial; base of lamina cordate or hastate, stipe clearly differentiated... 15. Parahemionitis 3b. Plants epiphytic or epilithic; base of lamina tapered, merging gradually into poorly differentiated stipe. 4a. Fronds obovate to oblanceolate, widest above middle, rarely linear, costa absent or only at lower part; sori multiseriate along veins, in grooves along veins on abaxial surface of lamina, rarely one row on each side; spores monolete... 18. Antrophyum 4b. Fronds filiform to linear or ribbonlike, rarely lanceolate, costa distinct up to apex or upper part; sori biseriate or uniseriate, in marginal or submarginal grooves, rarely superficial, or along costa; spores trilete or monolete. 5a. Sori biseriate in marginal or submarginal grooves, rarely superficial; spores monolete... 19. Haplopteris 5b. Sori uniseriate, 1 3 along costa or on lateral veins, immersed; spores trilete... 20. Monogramma 1 Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadonglu, Haidian, Beijing 100083, People s Republic of China. 2 Herbarium, Museum of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang West Road 135, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People s Republic of China. 3 Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People s Republic of China. 4 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, People s Republic of China. 5 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People s Republic of China. 6 Herbário SP, Instituto de Botânica, C.P. 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil. 7 Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom. 8 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. 9 Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Room 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A. 10 Biology Department, School of Math and Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501-4221, U.S.A. 11 The Nature Conservancy, Eugene, Oregon 97402, U.S.A. 12 Herbarium, University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, U.S.A. 13 c/o Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. 14 Imaya-kamicho 32-32, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0074, Japan. 15 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan. 169

170 2b. Lamina 1 3-pinnate. 6a. Lamina with white or yellow farina on abaxial surface... 8. Pityrogramma 6b. Lamina lacking white or yellow farina on abaxial surface. 7a. Stipe distally densely villous; plants of dry situations... 16. Paragymnopteris 7b. Stipe distally glabrous; plants of mesic to wet situations. 8a. Fronds to 15 cm; plants annual, usually with persistent gametophyte at base... 6. Anogramma 8b. Fronds 30 to >100 cm; plants perennial, without persistent gametophyte. 9a. Veins free or rarely anastomosing near costa, then free; sori borne along veins; inland forests at up to 2800( 3600) m... 1. Coniogramme 9b. Veins anastomosing; sporangia scattered on whole of abaxial lamina surface; coastal areas below 100 m, often in mangrove swamps... 3. Acrostichum 1b. Sporangia in discrete sori, usually near lamina margin. 10a. Plants succulent, aquatic... 4. Ceratopteris 10b. Plants terrestrial, epiphytic, or epilithic, not succulent. 11a. Rhizome covered with bristles; sori linear and forming a narrow longitudinal band between midrib and margin... 7. Taenitis 11b. Rhizome covered with scales; sori borne at ends of veins or on a marginal commissure. 12a. Lamina with white or yellow farina on abaxial surface... 14. Aleuritopteris 12b. Lamina lacking white or yellow farina on abaxial surface at maturity (sometimes farinose when young). 13a. Pinnules obviously stalked, often articulate (rarely frond reduced to single orbicular to reniform pinnule); stipe and rachis slender, glossy black or reddish brown. 14a. Sporangia protected by reflexed marginal lobes; veins pinnate, often obscure; pinnules mostly hastate to ovate-hastate... 12. Pellaea 14b. Sporangia borne on reflexed marginal lobes; veins simple or dichotomously forked, often radiate, pinnule without costule; pinnules ovate, flabellate, orbicular-flabellate, or dimidiate... 17. Adiantum 13b. Pinnules sessile or obscurely stalked, never articulate, often pinnatifid; stipe and rachis often not dark and glossy. 15a. Lamina pentagonal in outline (i.e., proximal basiscopic pinnules of basal pinnae enlarged). 16a. Sori borne at vein tips, rounded, separate (confluent when mature); rhizome scales brown or dark brown, concolorous or with narrow lighter brownish margins... 14. Aleuritopteris 16b. Sori borne along marginal commissural vein, linear; rhizome scales bicolored, with black and thick central band, broad brownish and membranous margins. 17a. Rhizomes long creeping; fronds mostly widely spaced... 10. Calciphilopteris 17b. Rhizomes short, erect or ascending; fronds clustered... 11. Doryopteris 15b. Lamina lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-triangular to deltoid-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate in outline. 18a. Ultimate segments or lobes 1 2 mm wide. 19a. Fertile fronds 4 7 cm; rhizome usually short, often erect, with clustered fronds (rhizome long creeping, with widely spaced fronds in Cryptogramma stelleri)... 2. Cryptogramma 19b. Fertile fronds (7 )15 60 cm; rhizome often long creeping, with widely spaced fronds... 9. Onychium 18b. Ultimate segments or lobes larger, usually more than 5 mm wide. 20a. Sporangia continuous along most of length of pinnae along commissural vein; pinnae entire or pectinately divided into segments, sometimes asymmetrical... 5. Pteris 20b. Sporangia in discrete sori at veins tips at least when young, sometimes later confluent; pinnae pinnatifid, variously shaped but symmetrical and not pectinate. 21a. Lamina margins not or only slightly reflexed, indusia absent; lamina with dense, yellow to brownish, long hairs abaxially... 13. Cheilanthes 21b. Lamina margins reflexed and modified, forming scarious false indusia; lamina glabrous or relatively sparsely hairy (in a few species also glandular and/or scaly) abaxially.

171 22a. Scales of rhizome lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually black or dark brown, with an entire margin... 13. Cheilanthes 22b. Scales of rhizome ovate-lanceolate, brown, semihyaline, with a sparsely serrate margin... 14. Aleuritopteris 1. Subfam. CRYPTOGRAMMOIDEAE 珠蕨亚科 zhu jue ya ke Zhang Gangmin ( 张钢民 ); Tom A. Ranker, Edward R. Alverson, Jordan S. Metzgar Plants terrestrial or on rocks, small (Cryptogramma) or large (Coniogramme). Rhizomes erect or creeping, scaly; scales colorless or brownish. Fronds monomorphic (Coniogramme) or dimorphic (Cryptogramma), distant, closely spaced, or clustered; stipe usually straw-colored, with a vascular bundle near base, adaxially sulcate; lamina 1- or 2-imparipinnate, with an odd terminal segment, or 2 4-pinnate. Veins free or rarely anastomosing near midrib, vein tips enlarged forming hydathodes. Sori along veins, exindusiate; or sori borne at vein tips, covered by a modified marginal indusium. Spores tetrahedral-globose, with prominent angles. x = 30. Three genera and ca. 40 species: worldwide; two genera and 25 species (11 endemic) in China. Dictyogramme Fée, nom. rej. 1. CONIOGRAMME Fée, Mém. Foug. 5: 167. 1852, nom. cons. 凤了蕨属 feng liao jue shu Zhang Gangmin ( 张钢民 ); Tom A. Ranker Plants terrestrial. Rhizomes decumbent or creeping, sparsely scaly; scales brown, lanceolate, margin entire. Fronds monomorphic, distant or closely spaced; stipe straw-colored or with brown spots, or chestnut-brown, glabrous distally, with a single U-shaped vascular bundle; lamina 1- or 2-imparipinnate, rarely trifoliate or 3-pinnate, sometimes entire in juvenile plants, usually herbaceous to papery, glabrous or with hairs on one or both surfaces. Pinnae usually ca. 5 pairs, stalked; in 1-pinnate species terminal pinna same as lateral pinnae; if 2-pinnate then only proximal pinnae imparipinnate or trifoliate (occasionally basal pair only bifurcate), and terminal pinna same as terminal pinnules of proximal pinnae. Pinnules (or distal simple pinnae) lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, base rounded to cuneate, rarely cordate, margin entire or serrate. Veins free or rarely anastomosing near midrib, then free, vein tips enlarged forming hydathodes. Indusia absent. Sori along veins, intermixed with short, hairy paraphyses. Spores tetrahedral, plain. x = 30. About 25 30 species: Africa, E and SE Asia, North America; 22 species (11 endemic) in China. Morphologically, the species in the genus Coniogramme are poorly differentiated. Intermediate individuals exist in some groups, increasing the difficulty of discriminating species. On Emei Shan of Sichuan Province, juvenile plants of some species have simple, lanceolate, or trifoliate to 1- pinnate fronds, and only after several years of development are the fronds 2- or 3-pinnate. The stipe color is also variable, even in the same plant; some stipes are entirely green, and others have brownish purple spots abaxially. The following characters generally seem to be stable: glabrous or hairy lamina surfaces, hair form (jointed hairs or seta), lamina margin (entire or serrate), and the shape and location of the hydathodes (far from the tooth at lamina margin, extending into the teeth, or even fusing with the cartilaginous tooth margin). Further fieldwork and cytological study of the genus are still needed. The fiddlehead of the species of Coniogramme is an edible vegetable, and the rhizome is known to store starch. 1a. Veins anastomosing to form at least some areoles on each side of midrib. 2a. Veins anastomosing regularly to form 1 or 2(or 3) continuous rows of areoles on each side of midrib... 22. C. japonica 2b. Veins anastomosing irregularly to form 1 discontinuous row of areoles on each side of midrib, occasionally with only 1 or 2 areoles on each side. 3a. Veins forming a discontinuous row of areoles on each side of midrib; stipe straw-colored... 21. C. wilsonii 3b. Veins forming only 1 or 2 areoles on each side of midrib; stipe chestnut-colored. 4a. Pinnules lanceolate, broadest at base, base rounded; hydathodes linear; Yunnan... 19. C. fauriei 4b. Pinnules elliptic, broadest at middle, base cuneate; hydathodes shortly clavate; Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang... 20. C. jinggangshanensis 1b. Veins all free. 5a. Margins of pinnules entire or at most undulate (C. fraxinea s.l.). 6a. Hydathodes extending to cartilaginous lamina margin, margins often undulate and revolute when dry... 4. C. merrillii 6b. Hydathodes spindle-shaped, not extending to lamina margin. 7a. Base of pinnules rounded or slightly cordate... 1. C. petelotii 7b. Base of pinnules cuneate or rounded-cuneate.

172 8a. Stipe and rachis abaxially straw-colored... 2. C. fraxinea 8b. Stipe and rachis abaxially reddish purple... 3. C. rubicaulis 5b. Margins of pinnules serrate or with irregular short obtuse teeth. 9a. Hydathodes usually not extending to base of marginal tooth. 10a. Lamina 1-pinnate; stipe and rachis usually dark brown to purplish black... 5. C. robusta 10b. Lamina 2-pinnate; stipe and rachis straw-colored. 11a. Pinnules abaxially shortly hairy, apex caudate... 6. C. serrulata 11b. Pinnules abaxially glabrous, apex acuminate... 7. C. venusta 9b. Hydathodes extending into marginal tooth or to tooth base. 12a. Pinnules abaxially papillose, each papilla tipped with a short and stiff hair... 8. C. rosthornii 12b. Pinnules abaxially not papillose, glabrous or pubescent with hairs curved and flat. 13a. Lamina 3-pinnate in mature plants, lowermost pinnae 2-pinnate. 14a. Lamina with middle pinnules broadly lanceolate, widest at base, at ca. 90º to costae... 9. C. procera 14b. Lamina with middle pinnules narrowly oblong-lanceolate, sides subparallel; pinnules oblique... 10. C. affinis 13b. Lamina 1- or 2-pinnate, lowermost pinnae simple pinnules or pinnate, never 2-pinnate. 15a. Pinnules lanceolate or oblanceolate; hydathodes extending into teeth and close to or fusing with tooth margin. 16a. Pinnules lanceolate or oblanceolate, base narrowly cuneate, apex abruptly caudate; hydathodes fusing with cartilaginous tooth margin... 17. C. pubescens 16b. Pinnules lanceolate, base rounded to rounded-cuneate, apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate; hydathodes extending into teeth or close to tooth margin. 17a. Teeth of pinnule margin dense, sharp, and fine; hydathodes slightly thicker than veins, extending to tips of teeth and fused with teeth... 10. C. affinis 17b. Teeth of pinnule margin coarse, spreading; hydathodes twice as thick as veins, extending into teeth or close to tooth margin... 18. C. intermedia 15b. Pinnules often broadly lanceolate to oblong; hydathodes extending to tooth base or slightly into teeth. 18a. Pinnules abaxially glabrous. 19a. Pinnules ovate or ovate-oblong; hydathodes extending slightly into teeth... 13. C. ovata 19b. Pinnules broadly lanceolate; hydathodes extending to tooth base. 20a. Pinnules straight... 11. C. emeiensis 20b. Pinnules arcuate or falcate... 12. C. falcipinna 18b. Pinnules abaxially hairy. 21a. Stipe and rachis reddish purple... 14. C. sinensis 21b. Stipe and rachis straw-colored or purplish brown proximally. 22a. Pinnules adaxially with short and sunken jointed hairs... 15. C. suprapilosa 22b. Pinnules adaxially glabrous... 16. C. caudiformis 1. Coniogramme petelotii Tardieu, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 5: 334. 1933. 心基凤了蕨 xin ji feng liao jue Coniogramme subcordata Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 213. 1931, not Copeland (1910), nor Maxon (1913). Plants 30 50 cm tall. Rhizomes long creeping; scales brownish, narrowly lanceolate. Fronds closely spaced; stipe straw-colored, 10 40 cm 2 4 mm; lamina dark green, ovate or narrowly ovate, nearly as long as stipe, 10 25 cm wide, trifoliolate or 1-pinnate, thinly papery or herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous or nearly so. Lateral pinnae 2 5 pairs, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 16 28 5 7 cm, with stalks 3 5 mm, base slightly cordate or broadly rounded, margin entire, apex shortly caudate; terminal pinna larger than lateral ones, with long stalk ca. 4 cm. Veins distinct abaxially, lateral veins 2- forked, oblique; hydathodes spindle-shaped, far from lamina margin. Sori extending to 2/3 3/4 of veins. Rock cliffs in dense forests; 700 1400 m. Yunnan [Vietnam]. Fraser-Jenkins (Taxon. Revis. Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes, 135. 2008) included Coniogramme petelotii within the following species, C. fraxinea. 2. Coniogramme fraxinea (D. Don) Fée ex Diels in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 262. 1899. 全缘凤了蕨 quan yuan feng liao jue Diplazium fraxineum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 12. 1825; Coniogramme caudata Ching; C. fraxinea f. connexa Ching; C. gigantea Ching; C. javanica (Blume) Fée; Gymnogramma fraxinea (D. Don) Beddome; G. javanica Blume; Neurogramma fraxinea (D. Don) Christ; Syngramma fraxinea (D. Don) Beddome. Plants up to 2.5 m tall. Rhizomes stout, shortly creeping; scales dark brown, narrowly lanceolate. Fronds scattered; stipe straw-colored, 90 100 0.5 1 cm; lamina narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong, 80 150 40 50 cm, pinnate or sometimes 2- pinnate, papery, thin, both surfaces glabrous or sometimes with sparse short hairs abaxially. Pinnae 6 12 pairs; basal pair sim-

173 ple or pinnate, pinnules broadly lanceolate, broadly oblanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, stalked, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire or occasionally undulate with narrow, colorless, membranous side, apex abruptly caudate. Veins distinct on both surfaces, 2-forked; hydathodes much enlarged, spindle-shaped, not extending to lamina margin. Sori extending to 2/3 4/5 of veins. Evergreen forests; 800 2000 m. Taiwan, SE Xizang (Mêdog), Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Vietnam]. 3. Coniogramme rubicaulis Ching in K. H. Shing, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 219. 1981. 紫杆凤了蕨 zi gan feng liao jue Plants up to 1.5 m tall. Stipe reddish purple, 60 70 ca. 1 cm, with sparse dark brown, broadly lanceolate scales proximally, glabrous distally, rounded abaxially, grooved adaxially; lamina brownish green when dry, ovate-deltoid, 80 90 ca. 40 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous, thin, both surfaces glabrous; rachis and part of costae reddish purple. Pinnae 8 10 pairs; proximal pinnae ca. 30 12 15 cm, with stalks 3 3.5 cm. Pinnules 3 5 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, basal pair 8 10 ca. 3.5 cm, sessile, slightly decurrent, base broadly rounded, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; terminal pinnule ca. 15 3.5 5 cm, long stalked, stalk 2 3 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate. Simple pinnae and pinnules entire along margins. Veins distinct, 2-forked; hydathodes much enlarged, not extending to lamina margin. Sori extending to 3/4 of veins. Forests in deep valleys; below 800 m. N Guangxi. Coniogramme rubicaulis resembles C. fraxinea but differs by its reddish purple (not straw-colored) stipe and rachis. More research is needed to clarify their relationship. 4. Coniogramme merrillii Ching, Sinensia 1: 49. 1930. 海南凤了蕨 hai nan feng liao jue Coniogramme fraxinea (D. Don) Diels var. coriacea Merrill; C. lanceolata Ching. Plants up to 1 m tall. Rhizomes decumbent, stout; scales broadly lanceolate. Stipe straw-colored or dark straw-colored, 20 50 cm 3 8 mm, abaxially rounded, adaxially grooved; lamina ovate-oblong, 50 70 30 40 cm, 1-pinnate (sometimes basal pair of pinnae bifurcate), papery or thickly leathery when dry, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially. Pinnae 5 8 pairs, broadly lanceolate, broadly oblanceolate, or oblong, 20 35 3 5 cm, stalked, base cuneate or rounded-cuneate, margin entire, with cartilaginous sides, often undulate and revolute when dry, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Veins distinct, 2-forked; hydathodes much enlarged, extending to cartilaginous lamina margin. Sori extending nearly to vein tips. Forests in valleys; below 1400 m. Hainan, W Yunnan [NE India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines]. Fraser-Jenkins (Taxon. Revis. Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes, 135. 2008) included Coniogramme merrillii and C. lanceolata within C. fraxinea. 5. Coniogramme robusta (Christ) Christ, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 19: 175. 1909. 黑轴凤了蕨 hei zhou feng liao jue Plants 50 80 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, 3 5 mm in diam.; scales brown, lanceolate. Fronds scattered; stipe purplish black, lustrous, 25 40 cm 2 3 mm, abaxially rounded, adaxially grooved; lamina oblong or broadly ovate, nearly as long as stipe, 15 40 cm wide, 1-pinnate, herbaceous or papery when dry, both surfaces glabrous; rachis and costae purplish black, brown, or straw-colored abaxially, usually lustrous. Pinnae 2 4 pairs, nearly of same shape and size, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, shortly stalked, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, somewhat unequal, margin with short and obtuse teeth, cartilaginous, apex acuminate-caudate to caudate; terminal pinna slightly larger than lateral pinnae. Veins 1- or 2-forked; hydathodes clavate or ovate, not extending to tooth base. Sori extending to bases of hydathodes. Forests in valleys, shaded places by roadsides; 600 1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan. 1a. Rachis and costae purplish black abaxially... 5a. var. robusta 1b. Rachis and costae brown or straw-colored. 2a. Stipe, rachis, and costae straw-colored abaxially... 5b. var. rependula 2b. Stipe and rachis brown; costae straw-colored or sometimes brown proximally... 5c. var. splendens 5a. Coniogramme robusta var. robusta 黑轴凤了蕨 ( 原变种 ) hei zhou feng liao jue (yuan bian zhong) Gymnogramma javanica Blume var. robusta Christ, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 11: 202. 1902; Coniogramme neorobusta Ching & K. H. Shing; C. pseudorobusta Ching & K. H. Shing. Stipe, rachis, and costae purplish black abaxially. Forests in valleys; 700 1000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan. 5b. Coniogramme robusta var. rependula Ching & K. H. Shing, var. nov. 黄轴凤了蕨 huang zhou feng liao jue Type: China. Jiangxi: without locality, Xiong Yao-guo 06276 (holotype, PE). Validating Latin diagnosis: that of Coniogramme robusta var. rependula Ching et Shing (Ching & K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(1): 279. 1990). Stipe, rachis, and costae straw-colored abaxially. Valleys, shaded places by roadsides; below 800 m. Guizhou (Duyun), Jiangxi. This name was not validly published by Ching and K. H. Shing in 1990 because the herbarium in which the type is conserved was not specified (Melbourne Code, Art. 40.7). 5c. Coniogramme robusta var. splendens Ching & K. H. Shing in S. Y. Jin & Y. L. Chen, Cat. Type Spec. Herb. China (Suppl.), 17. 1999. 棕轴凤了蕨 zong zhou feng liao jue

174 Stipe and rachis brown; costae straw-colored or sometimes brown (at proximal portion) abaxially. Forests; 600 1500 m. Guangdong (Ruyuan), Guizhou, Jiangxi (Wugong Shan), Sichuan (Pingshan). This name was not validly published by Ching and K. H. Shing in FRPS (3(1): 279. 1990) because the herbarium in which the type is conserved was not specified (Melbourne Code, Art. 40.7). 6. Coniogramme serrulata (Blume) Fée, Mém. Foug. 5: 167. 1852. 澜沧凤了蕨 lan cang feng liao jue Gymnogramma serrulata Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 113. 1828; Coniogramme fraxinea (D. Don) Diels var. serrulata (Blume) Alderwerelt; C. lancangensis Ching & K. H. Shing. Plants up to 1 m tall. Rhizomes decumbent, stout and fleshy; scales grayish brown, narrowly lanceolate. Fronds scattered; stipe straw-colored with purple spots, 60 75 cm ca. 5 mm, abaxially rounded, adaxially grooved; lamina abaxially grayish green, adaxially green, broadly ovate-lanceolate, 55 70 22 36 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous and wrinkled when dry, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Lateral pinnae 5 7 pairs; proximal 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae oblong, 30 35 ca. 20 cm, with stalks ca. 3 cm, pinnate; medial pinnae trifoliolate or bifurcate, distal pinnae simple. Pinnules lanceolate or oblanceolate, ca. 14 3 3.5 cm, stalked (distal ones sessile), base cuneate, apex long caudate (narrowed tip 2 4 cm), margin obviously with sparse short teeth. Veins distinct abaxially, 1- or 2- forked; hydathodes spindle-shaped, far from base of teeth. Sori extending to 2/3 of veins. Forests; 900 1300 m. SW Yunnan [NE India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines]. Coniogramme lantsangensis in FRPS (3(1): 242. 1990) is an orthographic error for C. lancangensis. 7. Coniogramme venusta Ching, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 222. 1981. 美丽凤了蕨 mei li feng liao jue Plants 0.7 1.2 m tall. Stipe light straw-colored, 30 50 cm 1.5 3 mm; lamina deltoid-oblong or oblong, 45 65 ca. 25 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous. Lateral pinnae 4 7 pairs, basal pair largest, ovate-deltoid, 20 30 10 14 cm, with stalk 1.5 3 cm, trifoliolate or pinnate; upper pairs trifoliolate or simple; third pair of pinnae lanceolate, 16 22 2.5 3 cm, shortly stalked, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, margin with sparse, short, blunt teeth, apex caudate-acuminate or somewhat acute; terminal pinna larger than adjacent pinnae, often divided with a small segment at base. Pinnules of basal pinnae 1 3 pairs, basal basiscopic pinnule longer, lanceolate, somewhat arcuate, 10 15 1.5 2.5 cm, base rounded-cuneate, margin with sparse short teeth, apex caudate-acuminate; terminal pinnule largest. Veins 2-forked; hydathodes spindleshaped, not extending to base of teeth. Sori extending to 3/4 of veins. Mixed woodlands by streams; 1600 2000 m. Yunnan. Coniogramme venusta is similar to C. intermedia var. glabra, but its hydathodes are spindle-shaped and do not extend into the teeth. 8. Coniogramme rosthornii Hieronymus, Hedwigia 57: 307. 1916 [ rosthorni ]. 乳头凤了蕨 ru tou feng liao jue Coniogramme rubescens Ching & K. H. Shing; C. taipaishanensis Ching & Y. T. Hsieh. Plants 60 140 cm tall. Rhizomes long creeping, ca. 5 mm in diam.; scales brown, lanceolate. Fronds widely spaced; stipe straw-colored to reddish purple, 40 85 cm 2.5 5 mm; lamina abaxially greenish, adaxially brownish green, narrowly ovate or ovate-deltoid, as long as stipe or shorter, 18 26 cm wide, 2- pinnate, herbaceous when dry, abaxially densely papillose, with a short and stiff hair on each papilla, adaxially glabrous or sometimes with a few jointed hairs. Lateral pinnae 3 6 pairs, basal pair of pinnae largest, oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate, stalked, pinnate; lateral pinnules 1 3 pairs, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 6 15 1.5 3.5 cm, base rounded-cuneate or subrounded, margin with short, spreading deltoid teeth, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Medial pinnae as terminal pinnule, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 10 20 2 4.5 cm, shortly stalked, base rounded-cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex long acuminate. Veins free; hydathodes slightly thickened, linear, extending to bases of teeth or slightly into teeth. Sori extending nearly to pinna margin. Forests, rock crevices; 1000 3000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam]. 9. Coniogramme procera Fée, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Strasbourg 6(1): 22. 1865. 直角凤了蕨 zhi jiao feng liao jue Coniogramme parvipinnula Hayata. Plants up to 1.8 m tall. Stipe grayish brown proximally, straw-colored distally, 60 90 0.5 1 cm; lamina abaxially grayish green, adaxially brownish green, narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong, 60 100 40 60 cm, 2-pinnate (sometimes 3-pinnate), papery when dry, both surfaces glabrous; rachis strawcolored or abaxially purple. Pinnae 10 15 pairs; proximal pairs oblong-lanceolate, 30 50 15 30 cm, with stalks 2 3 cm, pinnate or sometimes 2-pinnate; pinnules 10 13 pairs, at ca. 90º to costae, proximal pinnules lanceolate, 8 12 2 2.5 cm, base rounded-truncate or truncate (sometimes slightly cordate), apex caudate or acuminate; distal pinnules gradually reduced; terminal pinnule larger than adjacent pinnules, base unequal. Supramedial pinnae smaller, with few pairs of pinnules. Distal pinnae simple, margins serrate, teeth broad, slightly ascending. Hydathodes slender, extending into teeth or only to base of teeth. Sori extending to 1/2 2/3 of veins. Streamsides in woodlands; 1400 3600 m. Taiwan (Jiayi), S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam]. 10. Coniogramme affinis (C. Presl) Hieronymus, Hedwigia 57: 297. 1916. 尖齿凤了蕨 jian chi feng liao jue

175 Gymnogramma affinis C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 218. 1836; Coniogramme affinis var. pilosa H. S. Kung; C. argutiserrata Ching & K. H. Shing. Plants 60 120 cm tall. Stipe straw-colored, or sometimes brown proximally, 30 70 cm 3 7 mm; lamina brownish green, narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong, 25 85 15 50 cm, 2- pinnate, or 3-pinnate at base (rarely 1-pinnate), thinly herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous or rarely hairy abaxially. Pinnae 5 8 pairs, basal pair ovate or narrowly ovate, 20 35 12 20 cm, with stalks 2 3 cm, pinnate (or 2-pinnate with ultimate pinnules 1 or 2 pairs); lateral pinnules 3 6 pairs, lanceolate, 8 15 1.5 3 cm, shortly stalked or sessile, base cuneate, rounded-cuneate, or subtruncate, somewhat unequal, apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate; terminal pinnule larger than lateral pinnules, sometimes bifid. Pinnae of second pair pinnate or trifoliolate. Distal pinnae simple and shortened, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 10 17 2 3 cm, margins somewhat irregularly serrate, teeth fine and sharp, cartilaginous. Hydathodes slightly thickened, extending to tips of teeth and fused with teeth. Sori extending to 2/3 of veins. Forests; 1600 3600 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal]. 11. Coniogramme emeiensis Ching & K. H. Shing, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 223. 1981. 峨眉凤了蕨 e mei feng liao jue Coniogramme crenatoserrata Ching & K. H. Shing; C. emeiensis var. lancipinna Ching & K. H. Shing; C. emeiensis var. salicifolia Ching & K. H. Shing; C. longissima Ching & H. S. Kung; C. nanchuanensis Ching & K. H. Shing; C. xingrenensis Ching & K. H. Shing. Plants up to 1.5 m tall. Rhizomes decumbent, short, stout; scales dark brown, lanceolate. Fronds closely spaced; stipe straw-colored to chestnut-brown, 40 90 cm 4 5 mm; lamina broadly ovate-oblong, 30 70 20 40 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, sometimes with irregular yellow stripes along veins, both surfaces glabrous. Pinnae 6 10 pairs, basal 1 3 pairs of pinnae largest, subovate or ovate-lanceolate, 15 35 10 20 cm, stalked, pinnate; upper pairs trifoliolate or simple. Pinnules broadly lanceolate, 7 15 1.5 3 cm, base cuneate or rounded-cuneate, margin with coarse teeth, apex caudate-acuminate or long acuminate. Veins 1- or 2-forked; hydathodes clavate, extending to base of teeth but not into teeth. Broad-leaved forests or shaded places by roadsides; 600 1800 m. Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. The simple pinnae of Coniogramme emeiensis sometimes vary in length, width, and base shape. This species can be separated from C. intermedia by the clavate hydathodes, which extend only to the tooth base (not into the teeth). 12. Coniogramme falcipinna Ching & K. H. Shing, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 224. 1981. 镰羽凤了蕨 lian yu feng liao jue Coniogramme falcipinna var. pilocostata P. S. Wang & X. Y. Wang; C. latipinna Ching & K. H. Shing; C. sichuanensis H. S. Kung. Plants up to 1 m tall. Rhizomes decumbent, ca. 4 mm in diam.; scales brown, lanceolate. Fronds closely spaced; stipe straw-colored with brown spots, 35 60 cm 2 4 mm, glabrous; lamina green or with yellow stripes along veins, ovatelanceolate or ovate-oblong, 35 50 18 22 cm, pinnate or proximal 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae trifoliolate or bifurcate, herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous. Pinnae 4 8 pairs; medial pinnae broadly lanceolate, somewhat arcuate, 12 17 3 4 cm, shortly stalked, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, margin with coarse, ascending teeth, apex caudate-acuminate; distal pinnae similar to medial ones but gradually reduced, sessile; terminal pinna larger than adjacent pinnae, long stalked or bifid at base. Veins distinct, 1- or 2-forked; hydathodes clavate, extending to base of teeth. Sori extending to 2/3 3/4 of veins. Forests; 1000 1800 m. Chongqing, Sichuan, Zhejiang. The broadly lanceolate and somewhat falcate simple pinnae, the rough, ascending teeth along pinna margins, and the hydathodes extending to the base of the teeth distinguish Coniogramme falcipinna from C. intermedia. 13. Coniogramme ovata S. K. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 230. 1981. 卵羽凤了蕨 luan yu feng liao jue Plants ca. 80 cm tall. Stipe straw-colored, 28 32 cm 3 4 mm; lamina brownish green, ovate-oblong, ca. 45 18 20 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous. Lateral pinnae ca. 7 pairs, basal pair larger, ovate-deltoid, ca. 16 8 10 cm, with stalks ca. 1 cm, trifoliolate; lateral pinnules ovate, ca. 8 3 3.5 cm, sessile, base rounded-cuneate, apex shortly caudate; terminal pinnule much larger than lateral pinnules, base bifid, with stalk ca. 1 cm. Pinnae of second pair bifurcate. Distal pinnae simple, elliptic or ovate-oblong, 10 12 3.5 4 cm, shortly stalked or sessile, base rounded-cuneate, apex caudate. Terminal pinna larger than adjacent pinnae, 5 5.5 cm wide, base unequal; pinna and pinnule margins serrate; teeth rough, deltoid, ascending. Hydathodes clavate, somewhat extending into teeth. Sori extending to 1/2 2/3 of veins. On rocks in broad-leaved forests; below 1400 m. Yunnan (Yanjin). 14. Coniogramme sinensis Ching, Fl. Tsinling. 2: 210. 1974. 紫柄凤了蕨 zi bing feng liao jue Plants 60 90 cm tall. Stipe reddish purple, 30 45 cm 3 4 mm, lustrous; scales brownish, lanceolate; lamina oblongovate, 30 45 16 26 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous; rachis reddish purple. Pinnae 4 or 5 pairs, basal pair largest, oblong, 15 25 7 15 cm, stalks 2 3 cm, pinnate; lateral pinnules 2 or 3 pairs, broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, stalked or sessile, base rounded, apex caudate-acuminate; terminal pinnule larger, with stalk ca. 1 cm. Second pair of pinnae trifoliolate, bifurcate, or simple. Third pair of pinnae lanceolate, 15 20 2.5 3.8 cm, base rounded, apex caudate-acuminate. Margins of pinnae and pinnules with fine, ascending teeth. Hydathodes slightly

176 thickened, linear, extending to bases of teeth or slightly into teeth. Sori extending to 3/4 of veins. Forests or thickets; 400 1600 m. Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. 15. Coniogramme suprapilosa Ching, Fl. Tsinling. 2: 209. 1974. 上毛凤了蕨 shang mao feng liao jue Plants 45 60 cm tall. Stipe straw-colored to light chestnutcolored, 25 30 cm ca. 2.5 mm, lustrous; scales dark brown, lanceolate; lamina abaxially grayish green, adaxially brownish green, broadly ovate, nearly as long as wide, 23 28 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, abaxially pilose, adaxially sparsely pilose along costae and costules, strigose between veins (hairs sunken, leaving small pits on lamina when shed); rachis strawcolored or with occasional brown spots abaxially. Pinnae 2 or 3(or 4) pairs, basal pair larger than adjacent ones, deltoid-ovate, 15 19 8 14 cm; distal pinnae simple (rarely second pair bifurcate), gradually somewhat reduced; second pair of pinnae oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 15 20 3 4 cm, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, somewhat unequal, apex abruptly caudateacuminate. Pinnules 8 15 2 3 cm, shortly stalked, base rounded, apex caudate-acuminate. Margins of pinnae and pinnules serrate, teeth sharp and deltoid. Veins free; hydathodes slightly thickened, extending to base of teeth. Sori extending to 3 mm from pinna margin. Forests or thickets in valleys; 1400 1900 m. Chongqing (Chengkou), Shaanxi, Yunnan (Daguan). 16. Coniogramme caudiformis Ching & K. H. Shing, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 233. 1981. 尾尖凤了蕨 wei jian feng liao jue Plants 70 100 cm tall. Stipe straw-colored, or purplish brown proximally, 30 55 cm 3 4 mm; lamina dull green, ovate-oblong, 40 50 20 25 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous. Pinnae 4 7 pairs, basal pair largest, with stalks 1 1.5 cm, pinnate; lateral pinnules 1 or 2 pairs, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 6 12 2 3 cm, shortly stalked, base subrounded, apex caudate; terminal pinnule oblong or oblong-lanceolate, as medial pinnae in shape and size, 15 20 3 4 cm. Pinnae of second pair trifoliolate or bifurcate, other pinnae simple and gradually shortened distally. Terminal pinna larger than adjacent ones. Pinna and pinnule margins densely and sharply serrate. Hydathodes clavate, slightly extending into teeth. Forests; 800 1800 m. Sichuan, Zhejiang. 17. Coniogramme pubescens Hieronymus, Hedwigia 57: 314. 1916. 骨齿凤了蕨 gu chi feng liao jue Coniogramme caudata Ching var. salwinensis Ching & K. H. Shing; C. spinulosa (Christ) Hieronymus; Gymnogramma javanica Blume var. spinulosa Christ. Plants 60 80 cm tall. Stipe straw-colored, 30 45 cm 3 4 mm; lamina brownish green, ovate-oblong or narrowly ovate, 30 40 20 30 cm, usually 1-pinnate (rarely basal pair of pinnae bifurcate or trifoliolate), thickly papery when dry, abaxially densely hairy or sometimes glabrous, hairs gray or grayish brown and short, adaxially glabrous. Pinnae 2 4 pairs, basal pair lanceolate or oblanceolate, 15 22 2 4 cm, stalked (stalks 1 1.5 cm), base narrowly cuneate, margin serrate with fine cartilaginous sides, apex abruptly caudate to caudate-acuminate; distal pairs of pinnae as basal ones but slightly reduced, shortly stalked. Hydathodes extending to and fused with cartilaginous sides of teeth. Sori extending nearly to pinna margins. Streamsides in mixed forests; 1600 3300 m. SE Xizang, W Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal]. 18. Coniogramme intermedia Hieronymus, Hedwigia 57: 301. 1916. 普通凤了蕨 pu tong feng liao jue Plants 60 120 cm tall. Stipe straw-colored, or with brownish spots, 24 60 cm 2 3 mm; lamina dull green, ovatedeltoid or ovate-oblong, as long as stipe or shorter, 15 25 cm wide, 2-pinnate, herbaceous to papery when dry, both surfaces glabrous or pilose abaxially. Lateral pinnae 3 9 pairs, basal pair largest, deltoid-oblong, 18 28 8 17 cm, stalks 1 2.5 cm, pinnate; lateral pinnules 1 3 pairs, lanceolate, 6 12 1.4 2 cm, shortly stalked, base rounded to rounded-cuneate, apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate; terminal pinnule much larger than lateral pinnules, base very unequal, frequently bifid. Pinnae of second pair trifoliolate or simple (rarely pinnate). Simple pinnae lanceolate, 12 18 2 3 cm, shortly stalked to sessile, base rounded-cuneate, somewhat unequal, apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate; terminal pinna often bifid at base; pinna and pinnule margins serrate. Veins 1- or 2-forked; hydathodes linear, extending into teeth or rarely into tooth margin. Sori extending close to lamina margin. Forests, grasslands, streamsides; 300 2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Vietnam]. Populations of Coniogramme intermedia represent two taxa treated here as varieties: one is hairy on the abaxial lamina surface, and the other is glabrous on both surfaces. Hieronymus did not designate a type when he published the species. Indian scholars Dixit and Das (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 88(B): II. 263. 1979) chose the duplicate of Meebold 2587, a hairy lamina specimen, as the lectotype of var. intermedia. 1a. Lamina abaxially pilose... 18a. var. intermedia 1b. Lamina abaxially glabrous... 18b. var. glabra 18a. Coniogramme intermedia var. intermedia 普通凤了蕨 ( 原变种 ) pu tong feng liao jue (yuan bian zhong) Coniogramme guangdongensis Ching; C. intermedia var. pulchra Ching & K. H. Shing; C. intermedia f. striata H. G. Zhou; C. intermedia f. villosa (Ching) Sa. Kurata; C. intermedia var. villosa Ching; C. latibasis Ching; C. maxima Ching & K. H. Shing; C. simillima Ching [ simileima ]. Lamina abaxially pilose.

177 Forests, grasslands, streamsides. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea]. 18b. Coniogramme intermedia var. glabra Ching, Icon. Filic. Sin. 3: t. 143. 1935. 无毛凤了蕨 wu mao feng liao jue Coniogramme guizhouensis Ching & K. H. Shing; C. taibeiensis Ching; C. taiwanensis Ching. Lamina abaxially glabrous. Forests; 300 2800 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Vietnam]. 19. Coniogramme fauriei Hieronymus, Hedwigia 57: 320. 1916. 单网凤了蕨 dan wang feng liao jue Coniogramme simplicior Ching; C. simplicior f. concinna H. G. Zhou. Rhizomes decumbent, stout; scales dark brown, lanceolate. Stipe chestnut-colored, ca. 35 cm 3 mm; lamina brownish green, ovate-deltoid or ovate-oblong, as long as stipe, 18 20 cm wide, pinnate, herbaceous when dry, abaxially brown pilose, adaxially glabrous. Lateral pinnae ca. 5 pairs, basal pair largest, lanceolate, 14 18 ca. 2.5 cm, stalks ca. 1 cm, base unequal, basiscopically divided, small segment 6 9 cm, apex caudate-acuminate; other pinnae simple, somewhat shortened distally, shortly stalked or sessile; pinnae of second pair broadly lanceolate, 13 16 2.5 3 cm, base broadly rounded, margin serrate, teeth sharp, ascending, apex caudate-acuminate; terminal pinna larger than adjacent ones, base bifid. Veins 1- or 2- forked, occasionally connected forming 1 or 2 areoles; hydathodes linear, only extending to tooth base. Sori extending to 2/3 of veins. Forests; below 2300 m. W Yunnan [Korea]. Coniogramme fauriei is very similar to C. wilsonii but differs by its veins occasionally connected and forming 1 or 2 areoles. 20. Coniogramme jinggangshanensis Ching & K. H. Shing, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 238. 1981. 井岗山凤了蕨 jing gang shan feng liao jue Stipe brownish purple, ca. 70 cm 5 mm; lamina dull green when dry, ovate-oblong, somewhat longer than stipe, ca. 30 cm wide, 2-pinnate, herbaceous, both surfaces glabrous; rachis brownish purple abaxially, brown adaxially. Lateral pinnae ca. 8 pairs, basal pair largest, ovate-deltoid, ca. 35 15 cm, stalks ca. 3 cm, pinnate; lateral pinnules 3 pairs, well separated, lanceolate, ca. 15 2 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex long acuminate; terminal pinnule much longer than lateral ones, as medial pinnae in shape and size. Pinnae of second pair trifoliolate. Medial pinnae simple, linear-lanceolate, ca. 25 3 cm, stalks ca. 1 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex long acuminate; distal pinnae gradually shortened. Terminal pinna larger than adjacent ones. Pinna and pinnule margins serrate, teeth shallow, incised. Veins 1- or 2-forked, occasionally connected forming 1 or 2 areoles; hydathodes extending to tooth base. Sori extending close to lamina margin. Evergreen forests by streams or in ravines; 500 1300 m. Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. Coniogramme jinggangshanensis looks much like C. intermedia and C. japonica. It differs from the former by its larger stature (to 1.5 m tall), the stout teeth of the pinna margin, and the hydathodes reaching only to the tooth bases; it differs from the latter by the pinnae somewhat linear-lanceolate and the veins not forming 2 or 3 rows of areoles along each side of the midrib. Coniogramme tsingkangshanensis (Ching, Fl. Fujian. 1: 90. 1985) belongs here but is a nomen nudum and was not therefore validly published (Melbourne Code, Art. 38.1(a)). 21. Coniogramme wilsonii Hieronymus, Hedwigia 57: 321. 1916. 疏网凤了蕨 shu wang feng liao jue Stipe straw-colored or dull straw-colored, ca. 40 cm 3 5 mm; lamina abaxially grayish green, adaxially brownish green, ovate-deltoid or ovate-oblong, 28 50 20 25 cm, 2-pinnate, herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous. Lateral pinnae 3 5 pairs, basal pair largest, deltoid-ovate, 18 25 10 15 cm, stalks ca. 1.5 cm, pinnate; lateral pinnules 1 3 pairs, lanceolate, 8 12 2 2.5 cm, shortly stalked or adnate to costa, base unequal, somewhat cordate or rounded-cuneate, apex caudateacuminate; terminal pinnule much larger, as medial pinnae in shape and size. Medial pinnae simple, 15 20 2 3 cm. Pinna and pinnule margins serrate, teeth sparse and shallow. Veins free except forming a few discontinuous areoles along each side of costae; hydathodes linear, not extending to tooth base. Sori extending close to lamina margin. Forests; 1000 1600 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan. Coniogramme wilsonii resembles C. japonica, but it differs in its pinnules with unequal and somewhat cordate bases and its areoles fewer and discontinuous along the midribs. 22. Coniogramme japonica (Thunberg) Diels in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 262. 1899. 凤了蕨 feng liao jue Hemionitis japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 932. May Jun 1784; Coniogramme ankangensis Ching & Y. P. Hsu; C. centrochinensis Ching; C. gracilis Ogata; C. japonica subsp. gracilis (Ogata) Nakaike; C. japonica var. gracilis (Ogata) Tagawa; Dictyogramme japonica (Thunberg) Fée; Gymnogramma japonica (Thunberg) Desvaux; Notogramme japonica (Thunberg) C. Presl. Stipe straw-colored or chestnut-brown, 30 50 cm 3 5 mm; lamina oblong-deltoid or ovate-deltoid, 20 40 cm wide, 2- pinnate, papery or herbaceous when dry, both surfaces glabrous. Lateral pinnae usually 3 5 pairs, basal pair largest, ovate-deltoid, 20 35 10 15 cm, stalks 1 2 cm, pinnate (occasionally bifurcate); lateral pinnules 1 3 pairs, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 8 15 1.5 3.5 cm, stalked or distal pinnules sessile, base cuneate, rounded, or rarely cordate, apex acuminate, long

178 acuminate, or shortly caudate; terminal pinnule broadly lanceolate, 20 28 2.5 4 cm, usually attenuate toward base. Pinnae of second pair trifoliolate, bifurcate, or simple; simple pinnae as terminal pinnule. Pinna or pinnule margins serrate, teeth sparse and short. Veins anastomosing to form 1 3 rows of areoles along each side of midrib, then free to margin; hydathodes spindle-shaped, extending below base of teeth. Sori extending nearly to lamina margin. Forests, shaded wet soil in ravines; 100 2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Korea]. 2. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Brown in Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 767. 1823. 珠蕨属 zhu jue shu Zhang Gangmin ( 张钢民 ); Edward R. Alverson, Jordan S. Metzgar Plants small, usually on rocks. Rhizomes short, erect or ascending with dictyostele, or occasionally long creeping with siphonostele; scales colorless or brownish, thin. Fronds strongly dimorphic, clustered or rarely scattered, sterile fronds shorter than fertile ones; stipe dark brown proximally, light brown to straw-colored distally, grooved adaxially, scaly. Sterile fronds: lamina broadly ovate or oblong, 2 4-pinnate, membranous to leathery, glabrous. Fertile fronds: lamina 2- or 3-pinnate. Ultimate segments of sterile lamina ovate, spatulate, elliptic, or fan-shaped; fertile segments linear or elongate oblong. Veins free, pinnately branched, simple or forked distally; hydathodes often sunken below surface on dried specimens. False indusia broad, clearly marginal, continuous, making a single fertile segment podlike. Sori borne at vein tips, orbicular or elliptic, confluent when mature. Spores yellow, tetrahedral, trilete, verrucose. x = 30. About ten species: temperate and subtropical alpine regions, Asia, Europe, North and South America; three species in China. Plants of Cryptogramma resemble those of Onychium but are smaller, strongly dimorphic, and have fertile fronds markedly taller than sterile fronds. There is not a commisural vein connecting veinlet tips, so the sori are borne at veinlet tips and become confluent only when mature. 1a. Rhizomes slender and creeping; fronds sparse and scattered; sterile lamina 1- or 2-pinnate, herbaceous to membranous, thin; hydathodes absent... 1. C. stelleri 1b. Rhizomes stout and erect; fronds densely tufted; sterile lamina 3- or 4-pinnate, papery or somewhat leathery, obscure; hydathodes present and conspicuous. 2a. Sterile lamina 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, ultimate segments triangular, with an acute apex... 2. C. brunoniana 2b. Sterile lamina 4-pinnate-pinnatifid, ultimate segments linear, with a rounded apex... 3. C. raddeana 1. Cryptogramma stelleri (S. G. Gmelin) Prantl in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 413. 1882. 稀叶珠蕨 xi ye zhu jue Pteris stelleri S. G. Gmelin, Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 12: 519. 1768; Allosorus gracilis (Michaux) C. Presl; A. stelleri (S. G. Gmelin) Ruprecht; Cheilanthes gracilis (Michaux) Kaulfuss; Pellaea gracilis (Michaux) Hooker; P. stelleri (S. G. Gmelin) Baker; Pteris gracilis Michaux. Rhizomes slender, long creeping; scales light brown, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Fronds scattered along rhizomes; stipe brownish straw-colored, glabrous, stipe of sterile frond 3 8 cm, that of fertile frond 6 12 cm. Sterile fronds: lamina yellowish green, ovate or ovate-oblong, 3 6 1.5 3 cm, 1- or 2- pinnate, herbaceous to membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, apex obtuse; hydathodes poorly developed or absent. Fertile fronds: lamina broadly lanceolate or oblong, 4 8 1.8 4 cm, 2- pinnate. Sterile pinnae 3 or 4 pairs, subrounded, margins entire or slightly undulate, apex obtuse. Fertile pinnae 4 or 5 pairs, shortly stalked or subsessile, basal pair largest, 1-pinnate. Pinnules 1 or 2 pairs, anadromous, broadly lanceolate, shortly stalked or sessile, base cuneate, apex acute or obtuse. Sori borne at vein tips, discrete, often confluent at maturity. False indusia pale green, membranous, margins somewhat irregular, not reaching to main vein. Rock crevices in Abies or Rhododendron woodlands; 1700 4200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Nepal, Russia; North America]. 2. Cryptogramma brunoniana Wallich ex Hooker & Greville, Icon. Filic. 2: t. 158. 1829. 高山珠蕨 gao shan zhu jue Cryptogramma crispa (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Hooker var. brunoniana (Wallich ex Hooker & Greville) Hooker & Baker; C. crispa f. indica Hooker; C. emeiensis Ching & K. H. Shing; C. shensiensis Ching; Phorolobus brunonianus (Wallich ex Hooker & Greville) Fée. Rhizomes stout and erect; scales brown, lanceolate, membranous. Fronds tufted; stipe straw-colored, sparsely scaly proximally, stipe of sterile frond 4 5 cm, that of fertile frond 7 16 cm. Sterile fronds: lamina broadly ovate or ovate-deltoid, 3 4 1.5 4 cm, 3- or 4-pinnate, herbaceous; hydathodes spindleshaped, slightly sunken below frond surface on dried specimens. Fertile fronds: lamina ovate or ovate-oblong, 4 8 1.5 3.5 cm, finely 3-pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid. Sterile pinnae 6 or 7 pairs, basal pair largest, ovate, 1.6 2.2 1.2 1.7 cm. Ultimate sterile segments deltoid or oblong, apex acute, one veinlet in each segment. Ultimate fertile segments linear at first, elliptic when mature, 3 5 1 2 mm, apex obtuse, or sometimes acute. Sori borne near vein tips, somewhat rounded, confluent and spreading over abaxial surface of fertile lamina at maturity. False indusia brown, linear, margins entire.