Students will be able to read the periodic table, define atom, molecule, and element, and construct a model of an atom and molecule.
Vocabulary Atom- smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element Proton- has a positive charge Neutron has a neutral charge Electron has a negative charge Element- cant be broken down by chemical reaction Molecule- two or more atoms together
Reading the Periodic Table 6 C Carbon 12.017 Atomic number- # protons and neutrons Symbol Name of element Atomic Mass
Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non- metal 1 electron in the outer shell Soft and silvery metals Very reactive, esp. with water Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 electrons in the outer shell White and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity
TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle Good conductors of heat and electricity. Some are used for jewelry. The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals Boron is a metalloid
CARBON FAMILY Group 4 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains metals, metalloids, and a non- metal Carbon (C)
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains metals, metalloids, and non- metals
OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 electrons in the outer shell Contains metals, metalloids, and non- metals Reactive
Halogens Group 7 7 electrons in the outer shell All are non- metals Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1
Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Non- metals 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements
Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery- white, or gray metals. Conduct electricity
Reading the Periodic Table Students will be able to find # protons, neutrons, and electrons, the mass, and other informadon about elements using the periodic table. Work with your group to answer these in your notebook. Which element is a metal, K or Ar? How do you know? What is the atomic mass of: Iron (Fe) How many protons does the element chlorine (Cl) have? How many electrons are in the outer shell of nitrogen (N)? How many neutrons does calcium (Ca) have?
Model Atoms Students will use informadon on the periodic table to construct a model of an atom. Work with your group. Find the # protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom you were given. Find out how many electrons are in the outer shell of your atom. (*Na, Al, and Si have three shells with 2 electrons in the inner shell) Draw a sketch of the atom and raise your hand to have it checked BEFORE getting materials to build. Use clay, a plate, and markers to make a model of your atom. Label your atom with the name, symbol, atomic number and atomic mass.
What are the properties of metals? How do these properties make them useful?
Metals on the Periodic Table Elements are divided into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Most of the elements on the table are metals. Elements get more metallic as you move left and down on the periodic table. Metals have certain properties: They have reflective properties (have luster) They conduct heat and electricity They can be shaped without breaking (flexibility, malleability and ductility). The more an element displays these properties, the more metallic it is. Metalloids display these properties, but to a lesser degree than metals.
TesDng for properdes of Metals The Properties of Metals Complete the following activities to observe and compare the properties of metals. You will describe each object as a strong or weak example of metallic properties. Mark each object as a strong or weak example of the listed property. Luster- reflective Flexibility aiblity to bend Electrical conductivity To Test: Luster- which reflects more light? Flexibility bend in half, which bends more, and which holds it shape without breaking Electrical conductivity- place object in an electric circuit to see if it closes the circuit