Data Center Energy: Going Forward. Vic Smith, Dell Jim Smith, Digital Realty Trust Representatives of The Green Grid

Data Center Energy: Going Forward Vic Smith, Dell Jim Smith, Digital Realty Trust Representatives of The Green Grid

Agenda Introduction Data Center Energy Issues Business Considerations The Green Grid Overview The Green Grid Technical Deliverables Data Center Productivity Baseline Efficiency Market Study Organizational Barriers Data Center Rating Systems Power and Cooling Strategies Peer Review of LBNL Study on Direct Current in the Data Center Your Energy Action Checklist 2

Data Center Energy Issues Data center efficiency and productivity - costs Global environmental impacts Future IT growth and requirements Measurement of total data center energy consumption Best practices, new techniques, technologies and metrics Requirements, standards for increased efficiency and productivity 3

Data Center Energy Issues Data center efficiency and productivity - costs Global environmental impacts Future IT growth and requirements Measurement of total data center energy consumption Best practices, new techniques, technologies and metrics Requirements, standards for increased efficiency and productivity 4

Data Center Energy Issues Data center efficiency and productivity - costs Global environmental impacts Future IT growth and requirements Measurement of total data center energy consumption Best practices, new techniques, technologies and metrics Requirements, standards for increased efficiency and productivity 5

Why Do Data Centers Exist? 6 Data centers are used to vastly improve quality of life Health care & life sciences research Climate & weather research and analysis National security And perform many dimensions of useful work Reliable storage, distribution, & manipulation of data Efficient alternative to previous work methods Cost effective global business & communications And... Today, it takes less than half the energy to produce a dollar of economic output as it did in 1970 Information & communication technologies have played a critical role in reducing energy waste from sensors & microprocessors, to smart grids & virtualization Information and Communication Technologies: The Power of Productivity, ACEEE Report #E081, Feb. 2008

Primary Components of a Data Center What Consumes the Energy? Facility architectures Power distribution Cooling architectures Server populations Network infrastructure Data storage systems Operating system and application software 7

Where Does the Power Go? IT equipment ± 57% Cooling equipment ± 34% Power distribution losses ± 7% Lighting / other ± 2% Individual data centers can vary substantially. 8

Drivers of Energy Consumption More IT applications. More data. More servers. More storage. More energy demand. More density and hotter components in less space leads to... Increased energy and cooling demand leads to... Decreased energy availability-facilities maxed out leads to... Push for new, and costly, data center facilities / construction And mounting boardroom pressures to go green 9

Balancing Business Considerations Reduction of energy waste must account for: Overall impact on the economy Data center service and performance needs Uptime requirements Compute capability Scalability Business continuity Global standards and individual business impacts 10

Targets for Energy and Cost Savings 11 Improvements in component technology Improvements in server, storage and network technologies Increased use of virtualization Increased best practices understanding and adherence Savings in capital costs and data center build-out

The Green Grid A global consortium dedicated to advancing energy efficiency for data centers and business computing ecosystems by: Defining meaningful, user-centric models and metrics Developing standards, measurement methods, best practices and technologies to improve performance against the defined metrics Promoting the adoption of energy efficient standards, processes, measurements and technologies 12

Who s In The Green Grid? Board of Director Member Companies 13

Contributor Members 1E ADP Avocent Brocade Communications Systems BT plc Chatsworth Products, Inc. Cisco COPAN Systems Delta Products Corporation Digital Realty Trust Eaton EMC Emerson Network Power Enterprise-Rent-A-Car Fujitsu Siemens Computers GmbH Greene Engineers Novell PG&E Pillar Data Systems Qimonda QLogic Rackspace Saft Power Systems Inc. SatCon Stationary Power Systems SunGard Data Systems Symantec Corporation Teradata Texas Instruments The Uptime Institute Trane Verari Systems, Inc. Verdiem Vette Corp Western Digital ZT Group Int'l Inc

General Members 365 Main 3M 42U Active Power ADC Afco Systems Affiniti Alfa Tech Cambridge Allstate Alpikom SpA Angstrom Microsystems Aperture Technologies Avnet Technology Solutions Azul Systems Betfair Limited BigFix, Inc Blackwave Inc Bloomberg LP Broadcom Corporation BULL SAS Cassatt Corporation Cherokee International Ciena Corporation Coldwatt Inc. Compellent Technologies Corning Cable Systems CRAY INC Data Domain, Inc. Degree Controls, Inc Devon IT Dot Hill Systems Corp EBSCO Publishing EDS EqualLogic, Inc Evoswitch Netherlands B.V. Exelon Corporation Force10 Networks Forsythe Solutions Group, Inc GE Consumer & Industrial GlassHouse Technologies (UK) Green Data Systems Hifn, Inc. Host Europe GmbH Infinity SDC Limited Internet Initiative Japan Inc. Interxion Intransa, Inc. ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation Juniper Networks Keysource Ltd Lee Technologies Lockheed Martin Corp Logicalis UK Limited LSI Mandragore Micron Technology, Inc. National Semiconductor NaviSite Inc. Neoware, Inc. Netezza Network Appliance NetXen Inc News Corporation Nexsan Technologies nscglobal Ltd. NTT America, Inc NTT COMWARE Corporation NTT DATA CORPORATION ONStor Inc Ortronics OSI soft, Inc. Panduit Corp Platform Computing PowerFile Quantum Corporation Quantum Energy Services & Technologies, Inc. RACKWISERampRate Sourcing Advisors Raritan, Inc. RipCode, Inc. Rittal Corporation Rothstein Kass S & C Electric Company Savvis Seagate Technology Sepaton Server Technology Inc ServerVault Corp SGI Siemens Corporate Research SingleHop, Inc SmartBunker SoftLayer Source IT Energy Spectra Logic Storwize Inc Synapsense Syska Hennessy TA Migration Solutions LTD Telvent Terremark Worldwide, Inc. The 451 Group Total Site Solutions Tretecnic Pty Ltd University of California, San Diego UTC Power Vossel Solution Wright Line LLC Xyratex

The Green Grid Membership Membership Growth 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Over 150 members since February 2006 16

Industry Cooperation and Coordination Energy efficiency and productivity metrics Real-time measurement protocols Data collection standards Assessment of industry-wide energy consumption and trends Potential new technologies and data center architectures

The Green Grid Initiatives: Creating a framework for best practices Create shared definitions, benchmarks and metrics to enable real-time measurement monitoring and control of data center efficiency and productivity Create baseline 'state-of-the-industry' documentation including benchmark architectures and a repository of data center efficiency knowledge Create a comprehensive technology roadmap for future data center design to maximize efficient and productive operations Assess new and alternate data center technologies Monitor progress on all fronts and provide periodic updates 18

The Green Grid Technical Work Groups 19 Data Collection and Analysis Focuses on investigations and analysis into the data center efficiency problem map EMEA Data Collection and Analysis Focuses on investigations and analysis into the data center efficiency problem map specifically for the EMEA region Data Center Technology and Strategy Focuses on existing and emergent technologies for data center efficiency Data Center Operations Focuses on use models, operational strategies, best practices and equipment standards Data Center Metrics and Measurements Focuses on data center characteristics, performance metrics, and measurement protocols for data collection

Why Are Metrics Important? Awareness If you can t measure it, you can t improve it Benchmarking Improving operations continuous improvement Comparing across the industry company to company Improvement over time generation to generation Technology validate claims Resulting in Better efficiency Better total cost of ownership

Why DCP? DCiE works well for assisting in optimizing power consumption of infrastructure equipment To address both infrastructure and IT productivity needs, we need one or more metrics to complement PUE/DCiE Infrastructure Equipment IT Equipment PUE/DCiE DCP

Data Center Productivity What is Data Center Productivity (DCP)? Methodology for quantifying the useful work that a data center produces relative to the quantity of any resource that it consumes to produce this work Mathematically expressed: DCP = Useful Work Produced by Data Center Resource Consumed Producing the Work Useful work is defined as completed tasks that have value to the end user or business supported by the data center 22

Baseline Efficiency Market Study Study Overview Interviewed data center facility operators and IT managers via phone Questions focused on drivers for and obstacles to energy efficiency in the data center Data Centers Profiled: 25 23

Baseline Efficiency Market Study Study Findings Drivers for Action The strongest motivation for increasing energy efficiency in data centers is to relieve constraints on increased IT capacity Interest in environmental sustainability at a corporate level is a driver for more efficient management of data centers Obstacles to Action Risk aversion and fear of downtime is slowing adoption of best practices (e.g., as enabling server power management features) IT professionals don t typically have strong incentives to invest in reducing energy consumption beyond the extent to which it lets them install more equipment 24

Baseline Efficiency Market Study Study Findings (continued) Positive Trends The Green Grid s first Data Center metrics, PUE and DCiE, are in use and gaining recognition Virtualization is a broadly-implemented strategy for improving energy efficiency Opportunities Data center managers want industry-standard instrumentation and tools for monitoring, trend analysis & capacity planning and benchmarking Data center energy management is an area of new expertise and opportunity for data center professionals 25

Addressing Organizational Barriers to Managing Efficiency 26 Organizational Challenges Many businesses operate independent IT and Facilities departments which are motivated by different goals/interests IT typically buys IT equipment while Facilities foots the energy bill Data center energy consumption is often ignored and not included in the TCO calculations IT refresh cycles are 2-5 years with rising power and cooling loads while Facilities are designed for 10-30 years There are a number of external influences as well including legislation, sustainability initiatives, availability and cost of energy M Data Center Power Meters M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Utility Meter M Facility Meters M IT Meters

Addressing Organizational Barriers to Managing Efficiency Recommendations Energy efficiency needs to be driven from the CEO down in an organization Need to integrate independent monitoring systems (IT, Facilities, Utilities) into actionable knowledge Goals and incentives need to be aligned between IT and Facilities to optimize energy efficiency while meeting the business objectives Design team, operations and supply chain include energy efficiency in TCO calculations Utilize energy efficient IT and Facility components and systems to measure, monitor and provide auditable data for corporate sustainability initiatives Incorporate The Green Grid processes 27

Data Center Rating Systems The Green Grid exploring the creation of a data center rating system Instrument a data center for measuring DCiE or PUE Better DCiE and PUE scores receive higher ratings Track long term data center energy use EPA ENERGY STAR U.S. government energy management program providing proven solutions to help public and private sector building owners and managers reduce their energy consumption Developing the ENERGY STAR Rating for Data Center Infrastructure Rating Green Grid Recognized Green Grid Bronze Green Grid Silver Green Grid Gold Green Grid Platinum Data Center Requirements 1. Implement DCiE measurement methodologies 2. Report data center type (i.e. Tier I, II, III, IV data center) 3. Report the elapsed time of the Assessment Period 4. Report the Mean Source Load for the Assessment Period 5. Report a Mean DCiE score 40% 6. Report the Highest Daily DCiE score occurring during the Assessment Period 7. Report the Lowest Daily DCiE score occurring during the Assessment Period Recognized requirements plus: Report a Mean DCiE score 50% minus Bronze Adjustments Recognized requirements plus: Report a Mean DCiE score 60% minus Silver Adjustments Recognized requirements plus: Report a Mean DCiE score 70% minus Gold Adjustments Recognized requirements plus: Report a Mean DCiE score 80% minus Platinum Adjustments 28

Data Center Rating Systems European Union Code of Conduct Metrics as a tool for data center owners, operators and users Target for energy efficiency improvements by data center, depending on data center types, etc. New EU Code of Conduct for data centers in 2008 Department of Energy Save Energy Now Assessment DOE conducts plant energy assessments to help manufacturing facilities across the nation identify immediate opportunities to save energy and money Focuses on energy-intensive systems, including process heating, steam, pumps, fans and compressed air SVLG Energy Efficient DCDP and Data Centers EPC Clean & Green Energy Action Plan Developing environmental performance criteria for data centers Collaborating with CEC, LBNL, PG&E and SVP Follow LEED Version 2.1 29

Data Center Rating Systems The Green Grid s Role in Data Center Rating Systems Goal: Reconcile the approaches of the various industry bodies and governmental organizations to provide one, unified voice to the industry The Green Grid will achieve this by: Working with policy-makers across continents including the US EPA and DOE as well as with the European Union Basing systems off of a common set of metrics such as DCiE/PUE to start Creating data center performance data bases Converging on common assessment tools, where possible Opening up cross-continental lines of communication 30

5 Ways To Save Server Power 1. Identify the culprits 2. Enable server processor power saving features 3. Right-size server farms 4. Power down servers when not in use 5. Decommission old systems that provide no useful work The figure illustrates a model where server power consumption scales linearly with CPU utilization. 31

7 Cooling Strategies 1. Develop an air management strategy 2. Move cooling closer to the load 3. Operate at a higher delta-t 4. Install economizers 5. Utilize higher specification and performance equipment 6. Utilize dynamic controls 7. Maintain higher operating temperatures The figure provides an example of an enhanced multi-airflow design. 32

Peer Review of LBNL Study on Direct Current in the Data Center 33 In Jan. 2007, LBNL posted the results of their demonstration project studying 380Vdc power in the data center http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/data_centers/dcdemofinalreportjan17-07.pdf The Green Grid peer-reviewed the study to Provide additional, relevant facts to allow any data center owner to make an analysis on what is best for their future Clarify the 5-7% energy savings gain posted by LBNL should be the relevant discussion, not the 28% compared to a typical AC system Summary LBNL and its partners successfully completed a demonstration of 380Vdc power 380Vdc power can make a difference in certain applications Challenges remain before this will be commercially viable Be knowledgeable of all the architectures available to choose the one best for your needs

Your Energy Action Checklist Conduct accurate assessments of energy use Validate assumptions and monitor consumption to assess opportunities and risks Systematically address individual data center efficiency issues Minimize impact to data center operations and business objectives Create an Energy Strategy which publicly states goals and milestones for the data center and for the enterprise 34

END For more information: www.thegreengrid.org 35