2 nd International Symposium on Public Finance

2 nd International Symposium on Public Finance 2 October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan

Recent Fiscal Problems in Transitional Economies Kyrgyzstan Turkey MANAS University, Department of Public Finance TIKA - Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency Journal of Sosyoekonomi H.U., Centre for Market Economics and Entrepreneurship (CMEE) 2 nd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PUBLIC FINANCE Recent Fiscal Problems in Transitional Economies 24-27 October 2007 Bishkek / KYRGYZSTAN Executive Committee Ahmet Burcin YERELI, Chair Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University & Hacettepe University Ahmet KESIK Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Finance Ahmet Atilla UGUR Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University & Gaziantep University Cusup PIRIMBAYEV Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University Selami SEZGIN Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University & Pamukkale University Seyfi YILDIZ Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University & Hitit University October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan 3

2 nd International Symposium on Public Finance Scientific and Advisory Board Abuzer PINAR, Ankara University Ahmet Atilla UGUR, Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University Ahmet Burcin YERELI, Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University Ahmet Fazil OZSOYLU, Cukurova University Ahmet KESIK, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Finance Ahmet ULUSOY, Karadeniz Technical University Aigiul KALCHAKEYEVA, Kyrgyz - Russian Slavic University Aiylchy SARYBAEV, Bishkek Humanitarian University Ali CAGLAR, Hacettepe University Ali Tarkan CAVUSOGLU, Hacettepe University Aytac EKER, Sakarya University Caglar OZEL, Hacettepe University Cevat GERNI, Gebze Institute of Technology Coskun Can AKTAN, Dokuz Eylul University Cusup PIRIMBAYEV, Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University Damira BEKTENOVA, Kyrgyz - Russian Slavic University Damira CAPAROVA, Kyrgyz National University Djipar AYTUGANOVA, International Academy of Management, Law, Finance and Business Enver Alper GUVEL, Cukurova University Fatih SAVASAN, Usak University Guneri AKALIN, Hacettepe University Hakan BERUMENT, Bilkent University Ibrahim OZKAN, Hacettepe University Ihsan GUNAYDIN, Karadeniz Technical University Inci KUZGUN, Hacettepe University Irfan CIVCIR, Ankara University Isa SAGBAS, Afyon Kocatepe University Ismail TATLIOGLU, Uludag University Istiklal Yasar VURAL, Dumlupinar University Julide YILDIRIM, Gazi University M. Kemal OKTEM, Hacettepe University Mehmet BALCILAR, Cukurova University 4 October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan

Recent Fiscal Problems in Transitional Economies Mehmet BULUT, Baskent University Mehmet Cahit GURAN, Hacettepe University Mehmet SAHIN, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Mehmet TOSUNER, Dokuz Eylul University Metin TOPRAK, Georgetown University Muhammed AKDIS, Suleyman Demirel University, Kazakhstan Mustafa ACAR, Kirikkale University Mustafa SAKAL, Dokuz Eylul University Mustafa Umur TOSUN, Hacettepe University Mushtaq A. KAW, The University of Kashmir Necmiddin BAGDADIOGLU, Hacettepe University Nihat FALAY, Istanbul University Nurettin BILICI, Hacettepe University Obolbek KURMANBEKOV, Bishkek State University of Economics and Business Omer DEMIR, Turkish Statistical Istitute Omer Faruk BATIREL, Marmara University Omer Faruk COLAK, Gazi University Orhan MORGIL, Hacettepe University Osman KADI, International Ataturk Alatoo University Philip JONES, University of Bath Raikan KURMANBEKOVA, The Parliament of Kyrgyz Republic Rifat ORTAC, Gazi University Sahin AKKAYA, Istanbul University Saltanat TURSUNOVA, Kyrgyz National University Selami SEZGIN, Pamukkale University Sevinc MIHCI, Hacettepe University Seyfi YILDIZ, Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University Sureyya SAKINC, Celal Bayar University Syrgak KYDYRALIEV, American University of Central Asia Turan EROL, Capital Markets Board of Turkey Turar KOYCUYEV, Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Manas University Turusbek ASANOV, Kyrgyz - Russian Slavic University October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan 5

2 nd International Symposium on Public Finance 2 nd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PUBLIC FINANCE Recent Fiscal Problems in Transitional Economies 24-27 October 2007 Bishkek / KYRGYZSTAN THEMES & TOPICS 1. The New Role of State in Transitional Economies: The changing role of the government, structure and scope of government, constitutional order and market economy, political corruption and market economy, regulation and business law, intergovernmental fiscal relations and distribution of public incomes between central and local governments, fiscal federalism, global public goods. 2. Reform on Public Finance System in Transitional Economies: Rethinking of public finance order, reconstructing of pubic finance bureaucracy, reform on state sector management, strategic planning and strategic management, budget reform, mid-term expenditure strategies, fiscal adjustment, coordination between central bank and treasury, performance audit, public procurement system and government contracts. 3. Tax Reform in Transitional Economies: Tax base, composition of taxes, direct or indirect taxation, new taxes or new incentives, tax competition, tax havens, tax incidence, tax burden and tax evasion, tax subjects, tax schedules, optimal tax rates, tax audit, shadow economy. 4. Financing for Development in Transitional Economies: Taxable capacity, domestic and external debts, international capital flows, foreign direct investments, project credits, and international aids. 5. Free Trade Policy in Transitional Economies: Free trade zones, off-shores, mobilization of goods, tariffs and non-tariff barriers, red tapes and corruption in customs. 6. Labour Market Trends in Transitional Economies: Labour mobilization, labour productivity, unemployment, excess burden on wages, social security system, woman s labour force, child labour, undeclared work. 7. Socioeconomic Structure of Transitional Economies: Income distribution and poverty, income inequality, income mobility, economics of crime and black money related with politicians and bureaucrats, migration, gender discrimination in employment. 8. The Effects of the 2004 and 2007 Enlargement of European Union on Central Asian Transitional Economies: Comparative analyses between the Eastern European and Central Asian transitional economies. 9. Special Session: The Fiscal Effects of the Financial Supports of the Republic of Turkey on Central Asian Transitional Economies. 6 October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan

Recent Fiscal Problems in Transitional Economies Session: IV-A / 09.30-11.00 25 October 2007 Thursday 2 nd Day Room: Alaarcha E5 Chair: Ahmet Kesik Municipal Finance in Transitional Countries Harvey Schwartz The Role of Local Budget in the Development of Kyrgyz Economy Nurlan Atabaev Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and the Degree of Fiscal Decentralizations in Kyrgyz Republic Seyfi Yildiz & Yasar Ayyildiz Session: IV-B / 09.30-11.00 25 October 2007 Thursday 2 nd Day Room: Atabeyit T4 Chair: Sukru Kizilot Foreign Trade Zones and Importance for Transitional Economies Selahattin Sari Analyzing the Relationship among Variables That Affect the Behaviors of Taxpayer against Tax Ali Celikkaya & Huseyin Gurbuz Tax Avoidance and the Role of the Tax in the Selection of the Legal Structure Pinar Okan & Emine Oner & Soner Gokten & Nevzat Aypek Tax Burden in Kyrgyzstan Raziahan Abdiyeva Session: IV-C / 09.30-11.00 25 October 2007 Thursday 2 nd Day Room: Issyk-Kul R3 Chair: Anarkul Urdelatova Problems of Determination of Own Equity of Company Obolbek Kurmanbekov Liberal Trade in Terms of Transition Economy Omurbek Karatalov Shadow Economy and Illegal Market Behaviour in a Transition Djipar Aytuganova Financial Decentralization and New Principles of Interbudgetary Attitudes in the Kyrgyz Republic Raikan Kurmanbekova October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan 11

2 nd International Symposium on Public Finance Session: IV-A / 09.30-11.00 25 October 2007 Thursday 2nd Day Room: Alaarcha E5 Chair: Ahmet Kesik Municipal Finance in Transitional Countries Harvey Schwartz The Role of Local Budget in the Development of Kyrgyz Economy Nurlan Atabaev Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and the Degree of Fiscal Decentralizations in Kyrgyz Republic Seyfi Yildiz & Yasar Ayyildiz Session: IV-B / 09.30-11.00 25 October 2007 Thursday 2 nd Day Room: Atabeyit T4 Chair: Sukru Kizilot Foreign Trade Zones and Importance for Transitional Economies Selahattin Sari Analyzing the Relationship among Variables That Affect the Behaviors of Taxpayer against Tax Ali Celikkaya & Huseyin Gurbuz Tax Avoidance and the Role of the Tax in the Selection of the Legal Structure Pinar Okan & Emine Oner & Soner Gokten & Nevzat Aypek Tax Burden in Kyrgyzstan Raziahan Abdiyeva Session: IV-C / 09.30-11.00 25 October 2007 Thursday 2 nd Day Room: Issyk-Kul R3 Chair: Anarkul Urdelatova Problems of Determination of Own Equity of Company Obolbek Kurmanbekov Liberal Trade in Terms of Transition Economy Omurbek Karatalov Shadow Economy and Illegal Market Behaviour in a Transition Djipar Aytuganova Financial Decentralization and New Principles of Interbudgetary Attitudes in the Kyrgyz Republic Raikan Kurmanbekova 48 October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan

Recent Fiscal Problems in Transitional Economies Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and the Degree of Fiscal Decentralizations in Kyrgyz Republic Asst.Prof. Seyfi YILDIZ (Ph.D) Kyrgyzstan Turkey MANAS University seyfiyildiz@hotmail.com Yasar AYYILDIZ (M.A.) Republic of Turkey, Ministry of National Education yayyildiz00@yahoo.com Abstract One of the first decrees of independent Kyrgyzstan was the Law on Local Selfgovernment and Local Public Administration, adopted 19 April 1991, which transferred local government powers to local councils. According to this Law, local self governments and local state administrations carry out activities based on the division of functions and powers of representative, executive and regulatory bodies. It is difficult to determine the optimal fiscal decentralization but there are two ways of this; First of them is to look at and compare the statistical data of the country before and after the reform period about localization. The other way is to compare the statistical data of different Countries about the localization. In this study the first way was chosen and so the degree of the decentralization was determined. Last 15 years after the sovereignty, for the degree of the decentralization, the proportion of the local revenues to GDP was stated. At the conclusion, it is reached that the degree of the decentralization is not as optimal as wanted or not very high. Because of while distributing of the state power, the equal revenue resources was not given to the local authorities. Key Words : Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations, Fiscal Decentralization, Degree of the Fiscal Decentralization. JEL Codes : H77. October 24-27, 2007 / Bishkek - Kyrgyzstan 51