2/16/12 Roman Expansion and Imperialism 218-129 BC Northern Italy: Gauls and naeve tribes West (Carthage; Spain; Northern Italy) and HellenisEc Kingdoms of the East (in Greece and Asia): Take Home Messages? New imperialism: larger- scale & new moeves Rise of individualisec, super- imperialist generals Strain of what to do with conquered territory Phalanx out dated: Roman Legion unbeatable Cisalpine Gaul Gaul on this side of Alps Fought Gallic tribes, esp. Boii (both before and ayer Hannibal) RomanizaEon, large- scale colonizaeon, roads PlacenEa + Bologna Cisalpine Gaul becomes Italia Transpadana Ligurians (NW Italy) also conquered in 2nd century Spain Eastern Mediterranean: HellenisEc Kingdoms (ayer Alexander) Strategy + RetaliaEon + Silver 2 provinces: Citerior and Ulterior Spain War, guerrilla warfare, down to 133 BC 151 L. Licinius Lucullus and the Vaccaei 150 Sulpicius Galba and Lusitanians Viriathus: Lusitanian hero NumanEa, besieged by Rome for 9 years unel completely destroyed in 133 by P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus 1
2/16/12 Key Players: King Philip V of Macedon: AnEgonid King AnEochus III (the Great) of Syria: Seleucid Two Greek Leagues: Achaean and Aetolian Titus QuincEus Flamininus (Roman consul 198) The Scipios: Scipio Africanus and his brother King Perseus of Macedon (son of Philip) AnEgonid Empire (Macedonia) Ind. States (inc. Acalids: Pergamum) Seleucid Empire (Syria) Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt) King Eumenes II of Pergamum (Acalid) Lucius Aemilius Paullus (Roman consul 168) Phillip V of Macedon An8ochus III of Syria Into Greece 2 Illyrian wars 229-8 and 219 = pirates But presence of Romans so far East bothers Macedon Philip V of Macedon allies with Hannibal ayer Cannae Phase 1: Domina8on 214-205 = 1 st Macedonian war Rome makes alliances with Aetolian league and Pergamum Whole point just to keep Macedon from helping Hannibal Two effects: account to secle + allies in area 2
2/16/12 2nd Macedonian war 200-196 Philip V + AnEochus III vs. Rome + Aetolian league 197: decisive Bacle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly consul: T. QuincEus Flamininus Two key aspects: 1. Legion versus phalanx: flexibility 2. Deployment of victory 196 Flamininus declares Greek peace + liberty! BUT: Aetolian league + AnEochus III(Syria) 191 Thermopylae and 188 Rome leaves again Bacle of Pydna 168 Roman legions beat 20,000 men in phalanx - Aemilius Paullus has huge Triumph - Massive influx of wealth to Rome Phase 2: Destabiliza8on Philip s son Perseus now Macedonian King War breaks out: 3rd Macedonian war 172-67 Decisive Bacle of Pydna 168 Consul: L. Aemilius Paullus (Polybius taken hostage) Rome cracks down this Eme No more Macedonia divided up into 4 autonomous units Illyria divided up into 3 units Epirus completely sacked 4th Macedonian war 149-8/6 Phase 3: Annexa8on Macedonia, Illyria, and Epirus all annexed as provinces Achaean league declares war ag. Rome Base of Achaean League, Corinth, razed in 146 Everything destroyed and populaeon enslaved (Symbolic: same year as Carthage sacked: 146) 3
2/16/12 Conclusions of Rome s Conquest of Greece from 214-146 BC Military End of phalanx and of poliecal liberty of Greek states PoliEcal New provinces = no turning back Cultural Greece, having been conquered, conquered its fierce conqueror. - Horace Asia: AnEochus III (the Great) King of Syria 190s AnEochus vs. Pergamum > envoys to Rome Hannibal at AnEochus court! Aetolians invite AnEochus into Greece ayer Flamininus frees Greece Romans kick AnEochus out of Greece in 191 Now a score to secle: Phase 1 = dominaeon Phase 2 = destabilizaeon Phase 3 = annexaeon 1) Domina8on 190 BC: Bacle Magnesia in Asia Minor Rome and Pergamum vs. AnEochus III of Syria 30,000 Romans defeat 70,000 Syrians C.O. Roman legions: Scipio Africanus & brother Treaty of Apamea 188 BC AnEochus to withdraw from most of Asia Minor Surrender navy Pay huge indemnity of 15,000 talents Real winner of all this = Pergamum s King Eumenes, who takes over ceded territory 2) Destabiliza8on Rome tries to leave Asia Minor but can t Pergamum vs. neighboring Bithynia Pergamum draws Rome in as ally Hannibal hiding out in Bithynian court: suicide 183 168 Rhodes and piracy 161 treaty with Jewish rebels against Syria 3) Annexa8on 133: King of Pergamum dies without heir bequeaths Pergamum to Rome 129: old kingdom of Pergamum = province of Asia 4
2/16/12 Imita1o Alexandri - scary individualism personality cult - Scipio Africanus Alexander the Great Pompey the Great 5