First Name: ANSWER KEY Last Name: Class Period: The Classical Period 1750-1820 Music of the Classical Period 1. What are two characteristics of music from the Classical Period? Simple Unornamented Classicism 2. What is Classicism? Simple lines and elegance of ancient Greeks and Romans were being used by artists, architects, and composers. Clearer division between parts. Brighter contrasts and color. Simplicity rather than complexity. Melody rather than harmony important. 3. The one word that best describes the Classical Period is balance. 4. How do these structures represent the Classical style? Home Parthenon Monticello Symmetry Use of Shapes; Rectangles, Squares, Triangles, Circles, Spheres, Columns 1
5. How does this painting represent the Classical style? The Oath of the Horatii The triangle is considered the strongest shape. A triangle has three sides. In the picture, 3 represents strength. There are 3 soldiers, 3 swords, 3 hands reaching for the swords, 3 women, and 3 arches. The soldiers are standing with their legs in the shape of a triangle. Finally, the color red is dominant in the painting. Red has 3 letters. Simple Music vs. Complex Music 6. Circle the correct label for the music, Baroque or Classical. Minuet and Trio by Mozart Baroque or Classical Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by Bach Baroque or Classical The Pianoforte 7. Who developed the first pianoforte in 1709? Christofori 8. What did the pianoforte allow the players to do? The pianoforte allowed the performer to create crescendos and diminuendos as well as being able to play loud and soft at the same time. 9. Because the pianoforte allowed for more expression, what was no longer needed? Ornamentation and improvisation were no longer needed. 2
Musical Forms of the Classical Period 10. Name four important musical forms of the Classical Period. Symphony Symphony Sonata 11. The symphony was developed in the 17th century. Sonatina Serenade 12. The symphony is a large, four movement work for an orchestra. 13. Describe each movement. 1 st Movement Fast 2 nd Movement Slow 3 rd Movement Minuet or Trio in #4 time 4 th Movement Very Fast Sonata 14. A sonata is for a solo instrument and consists of 3 or 4 movements. 15. Describe each section of the 1 st movement. Name Exposition Development Recapitulation Description Theme is Stated Theme is Altered or Changed in Some Way Original Theme Restated Sonatina 16. A sonatina is the same as the sonata but shorter in length. Serenade 17. What are the two definitions of a serenade? An instrumental composition for a small ensemble that is intended for evening entertainment. A love song sung in the evening below the beloved s window. Classical Music 18. On which continent did Classical music develop? Europe 19. Which city played an important role in the development of Classical music? Vienna, Austria 3
Franz Joseph Haydn His Childhood 20. In 1732 Haydn was born in Austria. 21. At the age of 5, he was sent to live with and learn from a relative who lived near Vienna. 22. At the Age of 8, he sang in the Vienna Boys Choir. 23. The Vienna Boys Choir performed in St Stephen s Cathedral. His Life 24. Haydn was good friends with Mozart and a teacher of Beethoven. 25. In 1790, he married Maria Anna Keller. It was an unhappy marriage. 26. Haydn was known to have a good sense of humor. Symphony No. 45 The Farewell Symphony Why did Haydn compose this piece of music? Once the prince made his orchestra stay two months longer than usual at his country home. Haydn composed the Farewell Symphony to champion their cause. One by one, the players got up and left the stage during the performance. Haydn had made his point and the next day, the prince allowed the orchestra to return home to their families. His Career 27. Haydn supported himself by performing, teaching, playing the organ in church, and accompanying singers. 28. At age 29, the wealthy Hungarian family Esterhazy, hired him as a Kapellmeister. 29. A Kapellmeister is a director of an orchestra or choir. 30. The orchestra he conducted became known as on of the finest of the time. 31. Oxford University awarded him an honorary doctorate of music. 32. In 1795, he returned to Austria and composed The Emperor s Hymn. This music became Austria s national anthem. 4
His Music 33. Haydn is known as the Father of the Symphony because he is credited with giving the symphony its modern form and structure. 34. He also is known as the Father of the String Quartet. 35. A string quartet is a small group of four performers. It consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart His Childhood 36. Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria in 1756. 37. He began playing the piano at the age of 3, and composed his first piece of music at age 5. 38. Mozart and his sister, Nannerl toured Europe as children and performed for Emperors, Kings, and Queens. 39. His father, Leopold was his only teacher. 40. At the age of 6, Mozart performed for the Emperor and was introduced as a child prodigy. 41. A prodigy is a person who possesses exceptional qualities or abilities. 42. When Mozart was 14 years old, he heard Gregoris Allegri s Misere being performed at the Sistine Chapel. When he returned home, he wrote the entire work from memory without error. Because of this accomplishment, the Pope made him a Knight of the Golden Spur. His Life 43. In 1782, Mozart married Constanze Weber. 44. Mozart was very good friends with Haydn and composed six string quartets and dedicated them to him in 1785. 45. His last years were filled with financial difficulties and health problems. 46. Mozart dies penniless and was buried in an unmarked grave in the churchyard of St. Mark in Vienna. 5
His Music 47. Mozart composed approximately 600 pieces of music. 48. His first pieces of music were published in Paris when he was 7 years old. 49. His earliest symphonies were influenced by Johann Christian Bach, whom he met in London when he was 8 years old. 50. While married to Constanze, he composed three of his most famous operas, Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, and The Magic Flute. What is the translation to this song? Dies Irae from Requiem Day of wrath, of day of mourning, See fulfilled the prophet s warning, Heaven and Earth in ashes burning. Relate: What movie clip did we watch in class that included Dies Irae? X-Men United Ludwig van Beethoven His Childhood 51. Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770. 52. His father began teaching him piano, violin, and composition at the age of four. 53. By the age of 11, he could perform and sight-read with great expertise. He was compared to the child prodigy, Mozart. 54. Improvise means to make music up on the spot. 55. At age 17, he met and played for Mozart. His Life 56. In 1792, Beethoven met Haydn who complimented him on some of his compositions. This impressed the elector who then sent Beethoven to study with Haydn. 57. An elector is a prince or nobleman. 58. In 1792, Beethoven moved to Vienna where he spent the rest of his life. 59. He began losing his hearing in 1800. He was completely deaf the last 7 years of his life. 60. Even though he was deaf, he still composed Symphony No. 9. 6
His Music 61. Beethoven s music is divided into three periods: Early, Middle, and Late. Early Period 62. The Early period last until about 1802 and was strongly influenced by the works of Haydn and Mozart. What movie used this music to create its theme? What is the title of the song used in the movie? Piano Sonata No. 8 Pathetique An American Tale Somewhere Out There Middle Period 63. Beethoven s Middle period lasted from 1803 to 1814. His works include themes of heroism and struggle. Symphony No. 3 Eroica To whom did Beethoven originally dedicate this piece of music? Napoleon Bonaparte Late Period 64. The Late period lasted from 1815 onward. His works were characterized by deep, personal expression. Classical Period Practice Listening Test Directions: When you hear a song being played, look through your notes at the descriptions of the songs. You want to match the song you hear with a description that you wrote. Each song will be played twice. Please identify the song by writing the ENTIRE title and composer s name. Spelling counts! Listening 1: Piano Sonata No. 14 Moonlight Sonata Listening 2: Dies Irae from Requiem Listening 3: Symphony No. 101 The Clock Listening 4: Symphony No. 5 Composer: Beethoven Composer: Mozart Composer: Haydn Composer: Beethoven Listening 5: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik A Little Night Music Composer: Mozart Listening 6: Piano Sonata No. 16 in C Major Listening 7: Symphony No. 94 Surprise Symphony Listening 8: Symphony No. 9 Ode to Joy Composer: Mozart Composer: Haydn Composer: Beethoven 7