for Industrial Estates: Information & Training Resources. UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.1 for Industrial Estates. Why is Important in the Context of an Industrial Estate? UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.2 1
for Industrial Estates - Why we need it When industrial estates began to appear a little over 100 years ago the objective was to promote, plan and manage industrial development in a systematic way. EMIE Resource & Training Kit, 2001 UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.3 for Industrial Estates - Facts & Figures Estimates of the number of industrial estates worldwide vary between 12,000-20,000. Recent growth of industrial estates in the developing countries in Asia is very rapid - there are now 2,000 in China and more than 500 elsewhere in the region. Industrial estates may cover up to 100 km 2 and contain >1500 industries (e.g. Jebel Ali Free Zone in Dubai). Industrial estates are major employers - 60,000 in Batamindo (Indonesia), 600,000 in Suzhou (China). 32 Economic & Technological Development Zones in China received 10% of total foreign investment in 1998. UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.4 2
for Industrial Estates - Local impacts Relatively little attention has been paid to the environmental impact of industrial estates in most developing countries. Moving industry out of town all too often merely means shifting pollution away from existing residential areas, and where action is taken, this rarely extends beyond end-ofpipe treatment. UNIDO, 1997 UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.5 for Industrial Estates - More impacts 18 people killed 947 injured 2 missing Enschede, 13 May 2000 Destruction: Entire factory 400 houses > 1000 houses damaged UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.6 3
Main Environmental Issues - Agenda 21 Protection of the atmosphere. Sustainable management of land. Combating deforestation. Combating desertification and drought. Sustainable mountain development. Sustainable agriculture and rural development. Conservation of biological diversity. Management of biotechnology. Protecting and managing the oceans. Protecting and managing fresh water. Safer use of toxic chemicals. Managing hazardous wastes. Managing solid wastes and sewage. Managing radioactive wastes. UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.7 Global Water Stress, 1995 and 2025 [UNEP GEO 2000] Today, one third of the world s population lives in countries with moderate to high water stress. Lack of water is already a major constraint to industrial and socio-economic growth in many areas including China, India and Indonesia. UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.8 4
Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions [UNEP GEO 2000] Only in Europe have per capita CO 2 emissions declined over the past 20 years. Emissions are much higher in North America than in any other regions. UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.9 Industrial Pollution [UNEP GEO 2000] The output of hazardous wastes worldwide was about 400 million tonnes a year in the early 1990s mainly from chemical production, energy production, pulp and paper factories, mining industries and leather and tanning processes. UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.10 5
for Industrial Estates - Inputs and Outputs energy carriers resources THE EARTH recycled degraded energy air emissions products solid waste wastewater UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.11 for Industrial Estates - Global issues Global environmental issues in reality can be divided into: truly global issues universal practices that lead to major environmental issues regional environmental issues that develop into global issues (IHDP, 1999) UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.12 6
for Industrial Estates - Why we need it In thinking about sustainability, we must carefully balance our human desire to live as we please with an increasing set of political, economic, social, and environmental constraints. R. Frosch, The Bridge, 1999 UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.13 for Industrial Estates - Sustainability... Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. [ ] in particular the essential needs of the world s poor, to which overriding priority should be given. WCED, Our Common Future, 1987 UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.14 7
for Industrial Estates - Sustainability... Sustainable development [ ] mean[s] improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems. IUCN, UNEP, WWF Caring for the Earth, 1991 UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.15 for Industrial Estates - Why it is important Estates can provide leadership to other sectors of industry and the economy (US-AEP, 2000) : ideal for introducing better environmental practices - provision of common infrastructure close links with government (in many developing countries) broad spectrum of companies - (multi-) nationals to SME s position of the industrial estate in the global supply chain allows tenant companies to influence local suppliers (e.g. ISO 14000) estates bring together many stakeholders - manufacturing companies local and national government local communities UNEP for Industrial Estates. slide - 1.16 8