Mr Sten Björk Project leader Cleanship
Sewage and eutrophication The Baltic Sea - world s largest brackish water basins and ecologically unique - highly sensitive to the environmental impacts resulting from human activities From 2016 all new passenger and cruise ships are not allowed to release their sewage into the sea (MARPOL Convention Annex IV). From 2018, the same ban will apply to the rest of the passenger and cruise ships travelling in the Baltic Sea.
CLEANSHIP Strategy for Port Reception Facilities for ship-generated waste Create a common understanding on technical and operational aspects on sewage delivery to Port Reception Facilities (PRF:s) Suggest constructive solutions for at functional and effective system for delivery, reception and treatment of sewage from passenger ships Create an outline for a Guidance on Technical and Operational Aspects of Sewage Delivery to PRF:s
Excessive nitrogen and phosphorous loads from sea-based sources into the Baltic have to be reduced In 2011 IMO (MEPC 62) approved new Regulations under Annex IV of the MARPOL has designated the Baltic Sea as a Special Area for sewage. Discharge of sewage into the sea from passenger ships will be prohibited unless the ship uses an approved sewage treatment plant, capable of reducing nutrients on board, according to the established concentrations. Alternatively, untreated sewage could be delivered to a Port Reception Facility (PRF). The Baltic Sea Special Area will enter into effect when the Baltic Sea Countries notify IMO that adequate port reception facilities for sewage in their passenger ports are available.
HELCOM Contracting States have in 2010 agreed to take all necessary measures to ensure availability of adequate port reception facilities for sewage in their passenger ports. As soon as possible, and latest by 2015 according to the IMO Guidelines for ensuring the adequacy of port waste reception facilities (MEPC.83.44) This Road Map shall be the basic tool for substantial decrease of operational discharges and illegal discharges into the Baltic Sea by all ships, irrespective of their nationality
COMPOSITION OF SEWAGE The composition of sewages to PRF:s depends on ship type, sailing distance and number of passengers Typical sewages on cruise ships and ferries Heavy metals Nutrients Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) pre-screening and bio-residue materials used on cruise ships NOTIFICATION Shall be made with relevant references to IMO, HELCOM and EU Regulations (HELCOM Recommendation 23/1, Directive 2000/59/EC Article 6)
SEWAGE DELIVERY MAINS IMO GISIS - Global Integrated Shipping Information System - port reception facilities database Differences between ferry and cruise traffic are resulting in different amounts of produced sewage and their types of black waters and grey waters, mixed Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) creates risks that have to be dealt with best practice on how to reduce the H2S formation on board the vessels indicate where and how to monitor the H2S levels notification of deliveries of sewage with exceptionally higher H2S Clogging is also to be dealt with, depending on the different solutions and capacities of respective on-board system
PUMPING CAPACITY Dimensions for an international pumping standard in connection with MARPOL Annex IV (table in Regulation 10) are recommended for use in the Baltic Sea Best Management Practice has become elaborated by Port of Helsinki, Ports of Stockholm and Port of Oslo There is a need to agree in between the BSR Countries concerning pumping capacity
PORT CAPACITY TO RECEIVE WASTEWATER Depends in the given port mostly on: passenger traffic volume size of the passenger ships visiting Cruise ships and ferries have very different conditions: Cruises are planned several years in advance, and create large volumes of sewages. Cruisers are also often equipped with Advanced own Waste Water Treatment Plants, AWTS, and Marin Sanitation devices, MSD Ferries are subject to extremely short turn around times, but have better possibilities to plan beforehand to sewage delivery It is important to ensure that the capacity in port is large enough, so that use of the facilities do not cause undue delay to the ships!
CRUISE & FERRY PORTS CRUISE PORT Best practice is direct discharge of sewage from the ships to municipal sewage systems at quays where the ships berth. FERRY PORT Adequate receptions - best practice are direct shoreside connection. Discharge of sewage can also be made to tank barges of sufficient capacity. There are limited space in some quays for fixed systems.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICE Temporal/maintenance problems should be dealt with, so that alternative reception facilities can be arranged. IMO has a revised consolidated format for reporting alleged inadequacy of port reception facilities. Report of compliance is important. Planning for emergency situations should form part of our recommendations.
CAPACITY FOR THE MUNICIPALITY TO RECEIVE SEWAGE This is a most essential part of the PRF chain! Has to be planned for between each municipality and its port It is a must that the municipal sewer system and waste water treatment plants are in place and has adequate capacity to receive waste deriving from its port Ports and municipalities are therefore encouraged to cooperate fully in handling ships sewage, and when needed to fulfill the HELCOM implementations of regulations, to improve their municipal capacity to receive and treat the ship sewage
Benefits Onshore Power Supply - OPS Reduced emissions to air Reduced usage of fossil fuel Reduced noise Better working environment in engine room Possibility to maintain auxiliary engines and other systems during port stays Aux engines are used less hours Reduced cost per kwh
OPS example Stena Line Environmental benefits per year, potential for seven ferries 13 000 000 kwh green electricity 3 250 tons oil 10 400 tons carbon dioxide 6.5 tons sulphur dioxide
OPS systems - example Low-voltage system 380 volts 20 cables Time-wasting to connect Poor ergonomics High operating cost High-voltage system 10 500 volts 1 cable 15 min to connect High demands on electrical safety Transformer on board
Important during planning phase Cooperation is necessary! Calculate on the energy balance to obtain right dimension of the system Various load over the year Vessels often have 60 Hz & shore net 50 Hz, frequency converter needed Transformer is needed onboard to change the voltage Decide if the cable shall be onbord or ashore Involve staff onboard to make sure that the connection is ergonomic feasible
FEE STRUCTURE It is essential with an Application of the by HELCOM recommended No-special -fee system to ship generated wastes and marine litter In some of the countries the costs for upgrading of the port s and the municipality sewage reception systems to the needed level are regarded as high and becoming principal obstacle for the implementation of the HELCOM And IMO strategy for BSR CLEANSHIP has collected info about in which ports we face problems of this nature www.portoftrelleborg.se
Thank You for Your attention!