Global Geoparks in Indonesia Global Geoparks are listed in order of acceptance into the Global Geopark Network Batur.2 Gunung Sewu.......4 Disclaimer The Secretariat of UNESCO does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information or documentation provided by the States Parties to the Secretariat of UNESCO. The publication of any such advice, opinion, statement or other information documentation on the website and/or on working documents also does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. Global Geoparks in Indonesia as of September 2015 1
Batur Global Geopark, Indonesia Geology: Batur Global Geopark includes two volcanic calderas and presents a complete volcanic landscape with caldera walls, cones and craters, geothermal phenomena (fumaroles, hot springs), a lake, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and tephra. Two cataclysmic eruptions that occurred 29,000 years and 20,000 years ago produced an outer-caldera (old) and inner-caldera (young), respectively, from which the grand landscape scenery originate. Between the years 1804 and 2000, Mt. Batur erupted at least 22 times forming a strato-volcano which is one of 127 active volcanoes in Indonesia, and an important component of the Pacific ring of fire. The phenomenon of double-calderas with a crescent-shaped volcanic lake (7 km long, 1.5 km wide) and located 1,031 m a.s.l. was called the finest caldera in the world. The uniqueness of the area s geology of volcanic origin, endemic flora and fauna, and original culture motivated by the Balinese Hindu religion is a perfect combination of different heritages of the Earth. Geography: Batur Global Geopark is located in northeast Bali, the most popular international tourist destination in Indonesia. It covers an area of 370.5 km 2, at an altitude of 920-2152 m a.s.l., the outer-caldera wall surrounds the inner-caldera wall, Mt. Batur and the lake. This area is occupied by 15 villages located in the district of Kintamani, Bangli Regency, Bali Province. Most of the Natural Tourist Park of Mt. Batur dan Payang Hill, is a protected forest area included in the Global Geopark area. Through the highway, the area can be easily reached from the south (Denpassar, 55 km), north (Singaraja, 80 km) and east (Karangasem, 80 km). The local economy of the Global Geopark is mainly based on agriculture and tourism. Kintamani sweet orange and civet coffee are geoproducts of Batur area, in addition to wooden craft, bamboo and wood carving. The Kintamani dog is a local species, native to the island of Bali and originating from Sukawarna Village, Batur. Education and sustainable development: Through the Batur Global Geopark the geosites become the object for conservation, education and growth of local economy through sustainable tourism. The Global Geopark developed a program of "School to Geopark" (students explore and recognize nature) and "Geopark to School (disseminating information about the natural environment of Batur and its Earth s heritage to schools). Since 2014 students from Singapore choose Batur Global Geopark for their annual fieldwork in volcanology science. Batur Volcano Museum, which has developed into a Batur Global Geopark Museum, provides educational facilities to visitors. Geology and biology, in combination with cultural components are utilized as a tool for regional development in a sustainable manner. Dates Year of GGN membership entry: 2012 Subsequent revalidation: 2016 Official Website http://www.baturglobalgeopark.com/index.php/changelang/en Contact Ida Bagus Gede Giri Putra and Wayan Adnyana, email: disbudpar@banglikab.co.id, binaobyek@gmail.com, bidangpromosi@gmail.com, phone: (0366) 91537 Global Geoparks in Indonesia as of September 2015 2
Map of Batur Global Geopark Map of Indonesia showing location and size of Batur Global Geopark Global Geoparks in Indonesia as of September 2015 3
Gunung Sewu Global Geopark, Indonesia Geology: Gunung Sewu Global Geopark is a classic tropical karst landscape in the south central part of Java Island well-known in the world, and dominated by limestone. The limestone is of Neogene age and consists of calcareous-tuffaceous clastic facies (Oyo and Kepek formations) as well as reef facies (Wonosari formation). Late Oligocene to Early Miocene rocks of volcanic-origin clastic, volcanic and marine sediments underlie these limestones. Quaternary river and lake deposits represent the youngest units. There is still tectonic activity in the region because Gunung Sewu is located in front of an active subduction zone between the Indian Ocean, Australian and Eurasian plates. Active uplifting is taking place since 1.8 million years and produces very visible river terraces at Sadeng dry-valley as well as coastal terraces along the southern coast of the Global Geopark. Geography: Located in the Southern Mountains of East Java, Gunung Sewu Global Geopark extends east-west along 120 kilometres. A depression zone occupied by Merapi and Lawu active volcanoes limits its northern part, while the south is bordered by the Indian Ocean. The area, at an altitude between 5 m and 700 m asl, has mountain ranges of Upper Paleogene rocks and thousands of younger limestone hills. Gunung Sewu Global Geopark is stretching across several regencies (Gunungkidul, Wonogiri, Pacitan) and provinces (Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java). It is inhabited by approximately 805,000 inhabitants. Local economy is derived from agriculture and services sectors. In addition to its aesthetic and recreational values, Gunung Sewu is, rich in biodiversity, archaeology, history and cultural aspects. Pacitanian stone-culture represents Paleolithic to Neolithic artifacts in Southeast Asia. Approximately 1,802 square kilometres of the area contain traces of prehistoric settlements. Some of the prehistoric people lived in caves, while others lived in open space. Education and sustainable development: Educational programmes are part of "School to Geopark" and "Geopark to School" activities. Accompanied by geography and biology teachers, students visit geosites and are invited to discover and recognize nature around their homes. The interconnection among geology, biology and culture that form the identity of the region is also disseminated by the Global Geopark at schools. Indonesia Karst Museum and Gunung Sewu Etalase are also places of shared learning. Protection and preservation of the Earth s heritage become a shared responsibility between the Regency Government and Travel Awareness Group who manage the sites and develop them into objects of interest and tourist attractions. At national level, the diversity of karst landscapes, rocks, fossils as well as geological processes are protected by Government Regulation since 2008 in the form of Geological Reserve Area (GRA). Dates Year of GGN membership entry: 2015 Subsequent revalidation: 2019 Official Website www.gunungsewugeopark.org Contact Budi Martono, General Manager of Gunung Sewu Geopark email: budimartono999@yahoo.co.id, phone: +62822 2619 5382 Global Geoparks in Indonesia as of September 2015 4
A. Hary Sukmono, Head Officer of Gunung Sewu Geopark s Secretariat email: aharysukmono@yahoo.co.id, phone: +62813 2852 6120 Map of Gunung Sewu Global Geopark Map of Indonesia showing location and size of Gunung Sewu Global Geopark Gunung Sewu Global Geopark Global Geoparks in Indonesia as of September 2015 5