WOLVES
Teacher s Notes Introduction The Widwood Anima Workbooks for Key Stage 2 incude Woves, Badgers, Otters, Frogs and Ows. Each workbook foows a standardised pattern so that chidren can seect different animas to study but sti cover the same themes. A companion pack on woves is aso avaiabe; Let s Tak Wof is a wof communication programme using body anguage and facia expressions, inked to the SEAL and antibuying programmes. The activity sheets are appropriate for use either as an introduction before a visit or as foow up work. Each activity sheet is designed to ink in with and support Nationa Curricuum Programmes of Study for different subjects, incuding Science, Literacy, Numeracy and Art. There are aso Key Stage 1 workbooks covering the same animas to aid differentiation. Activity Sheets The foowing ist gives detais of the activity sheets contained in the workbook, incuding the reevant Nationa Curricuum P.O.S and the earning objectives which each sheet covers. 1 Adaptation SUBJECT: Science Sc2 - Living things in their environment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand that different animas are found in different habitats. To understand that animas are suited to the environment in which they are found. 2 Food Chains and Teeth SUBJECT: Science Sc2 - Living things in their environment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand that most food chains start with a green pant. To identify the structure of a food chain of a specific anima. To identify important features of an anima s mouth in reation to its diet.
Teacher s Notes 3 Food Chains and Diet SUBJECTS: Science & Numeracy Sc2 - Humans and Other Animas Ma4 - Processing, representing and interpreting data. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand that different animas have different diets. To present evidence about foods eaten by an anima in a suitabe bar chart. 4 Habitats and Homes SUBJECT: Science Sc2 - Living things in their environment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To identify different types of habitats. 5 Tracks and Signs SUBJECT: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Science Sc2 - Living things in their environment To identify woves according to observabe features. 6-7 Human Impact and Conservation SUBJECT: Science LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Sc2 - Living things in their environment To recognise ways in which iving things and the environment need protection.
Teacher s Notes 8 Myths and Legends SUBJECT: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Literacy En2 - Myths, Legends & Traditiona Stories To understand the difference between myths and egends and fact. 9 Quiz SUBJECTS: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Literacy & Science En2 - Reading for information Sc2 - Living things in their environment To scan texts to find information. 10 The Widwood Woves SUBJECTS: Art LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Exporing and deveoping ideas To record from firsthand observation. 11 Life Cyce SUBJECT: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Science Sc2 - Living things in their environment To understand that aduts have young and that these grow into aduts which in turn produce young.
Teacher s Notes 12 Activity SUBJECT: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Literacy En2 - Reading strategies To recognise words and show understanding of their meanings. 13-17 Activity SUBJECTS: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Art & Engish Investigating and making art,craft and design En2 - Nonfiction and noniterary texts. To deveop contro of toos and techniques in art and design. To understand the structura and organisationa features of instructions. 18 Gossary SUBJECTS: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Science & Engish Sc2 - Life processes and iving things En3 - Speing To deveop understanding of scientific vocabuary. To have a secure understanding of the purpose and organisation of a gossary. Pease note that throughout the pack, underined words can be found in the gossary.
Life as a Hunter Adaptation Woves are arge predators which ive and hunt together in famiy groups caed packs. Woves are inteigent animas that have ots of features which hep them find and catch their prey. Sensitive nose: a wof s sense of sme is 100 times better than ours. so even if they can t see or hear their prey, they can sme it. Large ears: Woves can hear 10 times better than we can. This heps them find their prey. Thick coat: wooy underfur and waterproof guard hairs on the outside keep the wof dry and warm. Strong heart and ungs so that the wof can run for a ong time, running down and exhausting its prey. Powerfu jaws and sharp teeth for grabbing and kiing their prey. Large padded paws for grip and moving quiety. Long egs Tai ets the wof show other woves how it s feeing. Question: Why do you think a wof has eyes on the front of its head ike us but prey animas ike deer have eyes on the sides of their heads? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question: Why do you think ong egs might be important to a predator? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Food Chains Teeth Food Chains and Teeth Can you draw and fi in the gaps of this simpe food chain? Part of Pant producer Herbivore consumer Carnivore consumer Sun Leaf D _ W _ Woves have teeth which are used mainy for eating arge mammas ike deer but they wi aso catch sma mammas and birds. The teeth are different shapes with: sma incisors for cutting. canines for hoding and tearing. carnassia teeth for sicing fesh. Can you name the different types of teeth on this wof sku? 2
Feeding Time Food Chains Diet Woves are hunters or predators. They hunt their prey using scent, sound and sight. Woves ive in famiy groups caed packs, which means that they can work together as a team to hunt for prey animas that are bigger than they are. European woves mainy eat arge animas ike deer and wid boar. A singe wof coud catch smaer prey such as rabbits, mice, voes and birds on its own. Woves are carnivores or meat-eaters. They are opportunistic feeders and wi eat just about anything they can catch within their territory. Woves aso need to eat sma amounts of pants such as grass, fruits, berries or eaves as they get important nutrients from these. Percentage (fraction out of 100) of different types of food taken by one wof over one month Deer Wid boar Rabbits Birds Mice/Voes Pants Percentage % taken 60 15 15 5 3 2 Can you compete the bar chart beow using the information from the tabe? (To hep you, deer numbers have been done for you). Percentage of food taken 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Percentage of different foods taken by a wof over one month Deer Wid boar Rabbits Birds Mice/Voes Pants Type of food taken 3
Habitats Homes Habitats and Homes Woves are very adaptabe and can ive in ots of different types of habitats, incuding moorand, mountains and forests. Woves ive together in packs. Each pack of woves has its own territory. This is an area where the woves ive and hunt for food. They wi defend it against other packs of woves. The size of the territory depends on the type of habitat. Where there is penty of food to catch, wof territories can be quite sma (perhaps 25 square mies). If there is ess food or it is more spread out, the woves wi need a arger territory so that they can sti find enough food. 25 square mies is a ot of space! Bean Woods, the argest woodands in Kent, are ony 11 square mies. Can you ook at a map of the pace where you ive and work out how big 25 square mies is? (Remember, 25 square mies is a square, 5 mies each side.) A Pace for Pups This is a wof s den. The mother wof digs the den when she is about to have pups. The pups are born in the den and ive there unti they are about eight weeks od. Adut woves might use things ike caves, bushes and snow scrapes as sheter in bad weather but most of the time they just seep out in the open. Remember that woves have thick fur that can keep them warm even in cod, snowy weather. How do woves tak to each other? Scent Woves recognise each other by sme. A wof s sense of sme is 100 times better than a human s so this is a good way of eaving messages for one another! Woves scent mark trais which they use a ot by marking rocks, stumps or scraped patches of ground with urine. They aso have scent gands between the pads on their paws so that they eave smey footprints wherever they go! Howing Woves make ots of different noises but the most we-known is howing. Woves often how to te other wof packs that they are there and to warn off neighbouring packs so that they can avoid fights. Listen for an ambuance going past Widwood with its siren on. Nadja, one of our hand reared woves, thinks that a note in the siren sounds ike a wof from another pack and hows back to it. A the other woves in the park join in and wherever you are at Widwood you can hear them. 4
Tracks Signs Tracks and Signs Like most wid animas, woves are shy of humans which means that they are not easy to find. If you want to find out about woves and where they ive, you need to become a wof detective and ook for the signs that woves eave behind. Remember, we don t have wid woves in this country anymore. See if you can find any of the signs beow when you are watching the Widwood woves. Dens Woves dig hoes in the ground caed dens so that their pups can be born somewhere safe. The entrance is quite big, generay about haf a metre across. This is bigger than the entrance to a fox s home. Sometimes there is a mound of earth at the entrance and bones or scraps of meat which were brought for the pups. Tracks Wof tracks can be difficut to te from dog tracks but they are found much further away from towns and viages. Their tracks are arge and their paws spread to support the wof on snow and hep it move quiety. 11-13cm Wof poo Woves often use this to mark wof paths or the edges of their territory. 7-10cm Bones Bones are eft over from the woves dinner. If a wof ate a sma anima such as a mouse, it woud just crunch up the bones and eat them but if woves are eating a big anima such as a deer, they woudn t eat the bones. Howeveer, they might gnaw them or crunch them in two to ick out the marrow. Can you see any signs of woves in our wof encosure? Write down or draw a picture of any signs you see. 5
Woves and Peope Human Impact Conservation Hundreds of years ago woves ived in Britain but humans made the wof extinct here. This means that there are no wid woves eft in this country anymore. Of course, there are sti woves iving in the wid in other countries, so they are not extinct everywhere and even in Britain you can sti see woves in zoos. As peope farmed more and more and and buit towns, cities and roads, forests were ceared and arge areas of wof habitat were ost. The ast British wof was kied in Scotand in 1749. Humans were aso afraid of woves and worried that they woud ki their cows and sheep so they shot and poisoned the woves unti they became extinct in Britain. The back soid areas on the map beow are where woves can be found now. The specked areas show where they used to be found, in addition to the back areas. Can you find Great Britain on the map above and coour it in? Making a comeback Woves are graduay spreading back into some of the areas they used to ive in in parts of North America and Europe. Some countries, such as Germany, have not had woves iving in them for hundreds of years but now peope are starting to see woves there again. Reintroduction There have aso been some successfu reintroductions by humans. Yeowstone Park in America is an exampe of woves being successfuy reintroduced back into their former habitat. Question: Woud you ike it if woves sti ived in Engand? Why? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
What do you think? Human Impact Conservation Some peope beieve that woves shoud be reintroduced to parts of Scotand and others disagree. Read the arguments beow and see if you can work out which are arguments for (want it to happen) and which are against (don t want it to happen) the reintroduction of woves in this country. 1 2 How can we expect other countries to save their ions and tigers if we won t put back our own arge carnivores? Woves may ki farmers ivestock e.g. sheep. 4 Peope pay to go on widife watching hoidays. Woves woud attract tourists to Scotand which woud bring in money and jobs. 3 There are too many deer in Scotand, which are damaging crops and forests because they are eating so much. There is currenty no top predator to eat the deer so peope have to contro their numbers by shooting them. Woves woud hunt deer and hep keep their numbers down. 5 6 Woves used to be here - as peope are the reason they aren t here any more (because they were hunted and ost arge areas of habitat), peope have a duty to put them back again. Woves are often the baddies in stories e.g. Litte Red Riding Hood, The Three Litte Pigs, so some peope think they are evi and may attack humans. See if you can sort the arguments into for and against by writing the numbers of the arguments in the boxes beow. FOR AGAINST Activity What do you think? Have a cass discussion. Some of the chidren coud roe pay the foowing characters and put their point of view to the rest of the cass. Sheep farmer Land owner Forester Loca resident Manager of an Ecotourism company Conservation worker Do you sti have the same opinion you started with? 7
Wof Myths and Legends Myths Legends There are many taes about woves from a over the word. Some of these portray them as evi and others show them as brave and good. Stories The Seneca tribe of North America te a story of a warrior who was cared for by woves. He was a ong way from home and his feet were injured. The woves icked his feet to make them better. They cured up beside him every night to keep him warm and brought him food that they had hunted every day unti he was we enough to return home to his tribe. The Vikings had a story of a arge, fierce wof caed Fenris, whose destiny was to end the rue of the gods and bring about the age of humans. The gods kidnapped Fenris and tried to chain him but he shook a his chains off unti he was bound by a magica siken ribbon made out of the roots of a rock, the sound of a cat s footfa, the breath of a fish and a bird s spitte. He escaped at Ragnarok (the gods day of doom) and swaowed Odin, the chief of the gods, whoe. This meant the end of the rue of the gods. Many cutures have stories about woves ooking after orphaned chidren. The Romans tod a egend of how Romuus, the founder of the city of Rome, and his twin brother Remus were ooked after by a she-wof when they were babies. Superstitions and Beiefs Peope beieved that woves eyes can gow in the dark. Peope used to think that sorcerers coud change into a wof at wi by putting on a wof skin. Some Scottish and Irish famiies were beieved to have descended from woves and coud shape shift or turn back when it suited them. In Engand peope used to beieve that if a wof saw a man before he saw the wof, the man woud be struck dumb. Wof teeth were rubbed against the gums to stop toothache. In France wof teeth were worn around the necks of young chidren to protect them from harm. Stories with Big Bad Woves - Litte Red Riding Hood, Three Litte Pigs. Stories with Caring Woves - Romuus and Remus, The Junge Book, The Three Litte Woves and the Big Bad Pig. Now can you make up your own story with woves in? 8
Quiz Wof Quiz 1. Name one adaptation that heps a wof to be a hunter. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. What is a famiy group of woves caed? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. How might a wof mark its territory? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Where coud you go to see woves nowadays? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Why do woves work as a team when they go hunting? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
The Widwood Woves Widwood s Woves Wof Pack There are four woves in the Widwood pack; three maes and one femae. They have a big encosure with ots of trees in it, so if the woves are ying down and keeping sti, you may have to ook carefuy to spot them. Our apha mae, the eader of our pack, is caed Apoo. He is the odest wof and athough he isn t the biggest wof in the pack, he is the wisest and most experienced. Our two other maes are caed Akea and Io. Akea is a big dark wof with white patches on the side of his nose. Io is the biggest wof in the pack, even though he is the youngest of the maes. He has a darker face than Akea. He is very curious and may come cose to the fence to see what is going on. Femae woves are usuay smaer than the maes. Amber is our femae wof. She has very beautifu orange eyes, so she is named for the coour of her eyes. She aso has ots of scars on her nose from od fights. She is a confident wof and if Io is cose to the fence she wi often come and join him. Hand-reared Woves We aso have two hand-reared woves at Widwood. This means that they have been ooked after by peope since they were just young pups. They are both femaes and their names are Nadja and Michka. Nadja is sighty bigger and her fur is a itte paer than Michka s. She has a nick in the top of one ear. She is the bossy one and ikes teing her sister what to do! Michka is smaer and darker than Nadja. You can often see Nadja and Michka sitting on top of their wooden patform, keeping an eye on things. Have you seen any of our woves Howing? Seeping? Eating? Running? Choose your favourite Widwood wof and use the box to draw a picture of it. 10
Life Cyce Wof Life Cyce Woves are usuay born in the spring. The mother wof digs a den underground, where the pups are born. When they are born, the wof pups eyes and ears are cosed and they have no teeth. Over the next few weeks the pups wi stay inside the den as their eyes and ears open and they get their first set of teeth. Once they eave the den, the pups spend ots of time paying and then begin earning to hunt. 1. Wof pups are born in a den. 5. Adut wof. By the time they are a year od, the pups are fuy trained hunters. They may stay with the pack or go off on their own to start a new pack. 2. At 10 days od the woves eyes open. Their eyes are bue at first and go darker as the woves get oder. By three weeks od, the pups can hear and they have grown their mik teeth. They sti stay inside the den. 4. At 12 weeks od, the pups start going with the aduts on hunting trips. By six months od they wi ook the same size as the aduts and they wi have ost their baby teeth. By 8 months they weigh the same as an adut wof. 3. At four weeks od, the pups start eaving the den reguary. They start to eat meat and they begin to how. By the time they are 8 weeks od they have stopped drinking mik. Question: Why do you think wof pups are born in a den? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
Activity Wof Word Search Can you find a the words to do with woves in the grid beow? There are 20, running forwards, backwards, up, down, across and diagonay. Some of the etters are used in more than one word. To hep you, here are some cues for the words you are ooking for: P _ - a group of woves, T - the area where woves hunt, M _ - what woves eat, D _, M _ and a R _ are a things woves woud eat, C - an anima that ony eats meat, M _ - the type of anima a wof is, P _ - a hunting anima, F - this keeps a wof warm, P - a baby wof, T _ - a happy wof woud wag this, S - what a wof does with its nose, H _ - the sound woves make, S - when a wof bares its teeth, M _ - what baby woves drink, R - what a wof does when it chases something, T - you find these in a wof s mouth, C _ - this heps an anima to hide, D - a wof s home. C T E R R I T O R Y A P T I B B A R M M R A A D M S T M I A N C I E D N E C L M I K L E U A E A K M V F U R T R T D I A O S M E L L H O W L R O T A D E R P U P E G A L F U O M A C 12
Art To make your wof, you wi need: Make a Poseabe Wof! w w w crayons or cooured pencis a pair of scissors 3 push pins 1. Coour in the parts of your wof. 2. Cut out a the pieces of your wof. 3. C (front eg) overaps the front of B (front haf of body). The front of B overaps A (head and chest). Line up the crosses and fasten through a 3 ayers. 4. D (back haf of body) overaps the back of B (front haf of body). Line up the crosses and fasten through both ayers. 5. F (back eg) overaps the back of D (back haf of body). D overaps E (tai). Line up the crosses and fasten through a 3 ayers. 6. Can you make your wof run? How can you make it ook angry or frightened? 13
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Art Make a Wof Mask! To make your mask, you wi need: w w w w crayons or cooured pencis a pair of scissors seotape or gue some thin eastic 1. Cut out the wof face and wof nose. Make sure you don t cut off the tabs! 2. Coour in the face and the nose. Ask a grown-up to hep you cut out the eye hoes. 3. Cut the 3 sits in the face and push the tabs through them. Fasten with seotape or gue. 4. Measure the correct ength of eastic to fit around your head. 5. Make two sma hoes in either side of the mask. Thread the eastic through and tie a knot. 6. Your mask is now ready to wear! 15
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Gossary Word List adaptabe - abe to respond quicky to change. apha femae - the femae eader of a wof pack. apha mae - the mae eader of a wof pack. canine - fang-ike teeth at the side of the mouth often used for stabbing and hoding prey. carnassia - sharp, trianguar, scissor-ike teeth used for sicing up food. carnivore -an anima which eats meat. consumer - an anima which eats pants or other animas. Consumers are sometimes caed carnivores or omnivores. extinct - no onger exists. guard hairs - the tough wiry hairs that form the outer ayer of an anima s fur. habitat - a pace where an anima ives. herbivore - an anima which eats pants. incisor - rectanguar-shaped teeth at the front of the mouth usuay used for cutting. nocturna - animas which are active at night and seep during the day. nutrients - parts of foods which animas need to survive and grow. opportunistic - wi take something by chance. pack - a famiy group of animas. predator - an anima which hunts and eats other animas. prey - an anima which gets hunted and eaten by other animas. producer - a green pant which can take energy from the sun and make food using the process of photosynthesis. reintroduce - to bring back an anima which used to be here. scent gand - a part of the body which produces a smey oi. territory - a pace where an anima ives, which it defends from other animas. underfur - a ayer of fur underneath the guard hairs, often soft and fuffy so that it keeps the anima warm. 18