Green Buildings Guidelines for Harvard

Green Buildings Guidelines for Harvard Presentation to the Administrative Deans. October 26th 2007 Leith Sharp, Director, Harvard Green Campus Initiative

What is a Green Building? Average Savings of Green Buildings CARBON SAVINGS 35% WATER USE SAVINGS 30-50% WASTE COST SAVINGS 50-90% ENERGY SAVINGS 30% Source: Capital E Test Source: www.usgbc.org

What is a Green Building? Green buildings provide healthier work environments through: Increased natural daylight Ventilation and temperature control Reduced indoor air pollution VERIFIED PERFORMANCE 30 Year Cost of a Building REDUCED ABSENTEEISM PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCED RECRUITMENT IMPROVED EMPLOYEE MORALE Viewed over a 30 year period: Capital cost REDUCED = 2% LIABILITY & Operations IMPROVED & maintenance costs = 6% RISK MANAGEMENT Personnel costs = 92% Source: Sustainable Building Technical Manual Test

What is the USGBC and LEED? Levels of LEED Ratings 52-69 points 39-51 points Green Buildings worldwide are certified with a voluntary, consensus-based rating system. USGBC has four levels of LEED. Test 33-38 points 26-32 points Source: www.usgbc.org

What is the LEED System? LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN A leading-edge system for certifying DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, & OPERATIONS of the greenest buildings in the world Scores are tallied for different aspects of efficiency and design in appropriate categories. For instance, LEED assesses in detail: 1. Site Planning 2. Water Management 3. Energy Management 4. Material Use 5. Indoor Environmental Air Quality 6. Innovation & Design Process Test Source: www.usgbc.org

What is History of Green Building at Harvard? What is the history of green building design at Harvard?

What is History of Green Building at Harvard? 2001: HGCI initiates first 3 pilot LEED projects 2001 2004 2005 2006 2007 7 LEED Projects 2 Certified 5 Registered 16 LEED Projects 4 Certified 12 Registered 21 LEED Projects 5 Certified 16 Registered 26 LEED Projects 7 Certified 19 Registered

Landmark Center, HSPH LEED Certified 42,000 Build-Out, Underfloor Air Distribution, Digitally controlled Lighting w/t-5 Lamps Harvard School of Public Health

Dunster / Mather Kitchen and Serveries LEED Silver Certified First Institution Kitchen to Achieve LEED, Dual-Flush Toilets, Melink Variable Speed Drive Stove Hoods, Composting System Harvard Dining Services

Aldrich Hall LEED Silver Pending Campus Lighting Master Plan, Preferred Parking for Fuel Efficient Vehicles, Green Cleaning Program, high performance ventilation 13 Filters, 80% C&D Waste Diversion Harvard Business School

90 Mt. Auburn St. LEED Gold Certified Ground Source Heat Pumps, No Irrigation, Indoor Air Quality Testing Prior to Occupancy, Untreated Concrete Floors and Walls, Green Cleaning for All of HRES U&C, Photo by: Nathan Gauthier Photo by: Nathan Gauthier Harvard University Library

Hamilton Hall, Harvard Business School LEED Gold Pending Occupancy Sensor Controlled Thermostats, $370,000 of Plyboo Furnishings, Tested Low-Flow Shower Heads Before Selecting Symmons 2.0, HGCI Performed Daylight and Views Calcs. Photo by: Nathan Gauthier Photo by: Nathan Gauthier Photo by: Nathan Gauthier Photo by: Nathan Gauthier Harvard Business School

Weld Hill Research Center Seeking LEED Gold Closed loop geothermal system for heating and cooling, ventilation rates for lab space designed to 6 air changes per hour with night time set-back

First Science Center Seeking LEED Gold Highest energy performance goal of any lab design at Harvard, careful attention to materials selections, onsite stormwater re-use Allston Development Group

46 Blackstone LEED Platinum Certified Submitted to USGBC in September, 55 Points Pending 52 Required for LEED Platinum, Highest energy performance of any Harvard LEED building, bioswale, energy efficient elevator University Operations Services

Continuous Improvement 2002-2007: Reduced Costs, Streamlined Certification, Staff Expertise, Information Resources, LEED accredited staff Harvard now has 26 LEED registered or certified buildings Trial Recommend Trial Recommendations Trial Recommend Trial Recommendations Evaluation Design Process Evaluation Design Process Evaluation Design Process Evaluation Design Process Building Project Building Project Building Project Building Project 2002 2003 2004 2005 The Allston Development Group has committed to LEED Gold for all buildings in Allston HBS has committed to LEED Gold for all building renovations and construction

What are the proposed Green Building Guidelines for Harvard?

Development Process Complete 2004: President Summers: Approves Sustainability Principles including a commitment to integrate sustainability into capital approvals process. 2004-7: LEED project experience expanded across the University Feb 2007: UCMC: Established interfaculty committee to draft guidelines March Oct: Guidelines developed by committee over 11 meetings Financial Deans: Consensus of approval CPRC: Approval with request to research LEED Gold for New Construction UCMC: Approval with request to research LEED Gold for New Construction Ongoing Administrative Deans: Provide comment UCMC: Approval final draft President Faust: To Review for approval in November UCMC Interfaculty Committee: To continue research into LEED Gold option for New Construction and provide recommendations in early 2008

FY07 Capital Project Costs Number of Projects > $5 million = 8 = $142,440,908 (46% of $) Number of Projects < $5 million = 55 = $121,777,222 (40% of $) Under $1 million = 125 = $43,712,714 (14% of $) The high volume projects < $5 million projects provides an equally significant opportunity to reduce University operating costs through reduced resource use.

DRAFT Green Building Guidelines Projects Over $5 million The University will adopt a policy that capital projects, including new construction, major and partial renovation exceeding $5 million, will be subject to green building guidelines: Capital projects exceeding $5 million will seek minimum LEED Silver certification. The University encourages higher levels of certification. The applicability of the LEED requirement will be determined in preliminary consultation with the CPRC. Harvard University requires a number of LEED credits to be treated as prerequisites for its projects. These credits will address energy, metering and indoor environmental quality requirements. An Integrated Design approach is to be adopted. Green design charrettes, involving all design team members (including operations staff), will be conducted at early stages in the project. Life Cycle Costing assessment is to be conducted throughout the project to ensure that operations and maintenance cost projections are established and effective comparative analyses are conducted for targeted building elements. Energy modeling is required, meeting Harvard s basic energy modeling guidelines. All new construction and major renovation projects are to adopt an ongoing commissioning approach for the life of the building.

DRAFT Green Building Guidelines Projects Under $5 million Capital projects under $5 million (over $100K) will be encouraged to meet recommended performance requirements specific to the following types of building upgrade: Lighting HVAC Building Envelope Plug Load Plumbing Fixtures Interior Architecture Furniture and Seating Landscaping and Stormwater Fume Hoods All performance requirements are based on LEED for Commercial Interiors and LEED for New Construction. Certification is NOT required. Performance requirements relating to the building envelop are based on the Advanced Buildings Benchmark All projects that have an ongoing utility cost implication must use life cycle costing to calculate operating costs of a range of options.

What will be the cost impact of the proposed green building guidelines?

STUDY 1: The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings By: Greg Kats, Capital E A report to California s Sustainable Building Task Force, a group of over 40 state agencies, with funding from seven. Drawing on cost data from 33 green building projects and benefits data from over 100 buildings nationwide. Developed in partnership with USGBC.

Average Green Premium (in percent) STUDY 1: The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings By: Greg Kats, Capital E Average Green Premium vs. Level of Green Certification (for Offices and Schools) 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% 0.66% Level 1-Certified (8 bldgs) 2.11% Level 2-Silver (18 bldgs) 1.82% Level 3-Gold (6 bldgs) 6.50% Level 4-Platinum (1 bldgs) Average Green Cost Premium vs. Level of Green Certification 33 buildings USwide Level of Green Certification

STUDY 1: The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings By: Greg Kats, Capital E Reduced Energy Use in US Green Buildings Certified Silver Gold Average Energy Efficiency 8% 30% 37% 28% On-Site Renewable Energy 0% 0% 4% 2% Green Power 10% 0% 7% 6% Total 28% 30% 48% 36%

STUDY 2: Cost of Green Revisited by Davis Langdon This study compared construction costs of 83 LEED buildings to 138 similar non-leed buildings (221 sample total). The building types analyzed included academic buildings, laboratories, libraries, community centers and ambulatory care facilities. All costs were normalized for time and location in order to ensure consistency for the comparisons. Cost per square foot was compared between all projects

STUDY 2: Cost of Green Revisited by Davis Langdon The 2006 study shows essentially the same results as 2004: there is no significant difference in average costs for green buildings as compared to non-green buildings. Many project teams are building green buildings with little or no added cost, and with budgets well within the cost range of non-green buildings with similar programs. We have also found that, in many areas of the country, the contracting community has embraced sustainable design, and no longer sees sustainable design requirements as additional burdens to be priced in their bids.

STUDY 3: LEED Credits at Harvard by HGCI Over 20 LEED Projects at Harvard have shown that there are 40 credits that can be achieved at no added cost if the process is managed effectively. Included in this number are 9 credits that all Harvard projects immediately get. 45 40 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 11 10 5 3 0 Point is no cost and often given in Harvard projects Potential cost impact, but will result in reduced operations costs Point has cost implication and an associated human health / comfort / productivity benefit Point has additional cost impact with strictly an environment benefit

STUDY 4: Green Cost Data for Two Harvard Historic Renovation Projects

PROJECT 1 Additional Soft Costs Enhanced Commissioning $4,832 Energy Modeling $13,200 Green Building Consultant $15,460 C&D Waste Consultant $34,032 LEED Certification Costs $2,200 MEP design review, recommissioning manual & verification of operator training Promotes integrated design and identifies energy savings from ECMs Guides team through sustainable design process & manages LEED effort Salvage significant quantities of materials for donation & targeting > 95% waste diversion rates Hold team member accountable & 3 rd party verification of sustainability

PROJECT 1 Additional Soft Costs Total Project Cost = $18,509,114 Total Soft Costs = $2,358,275 Total Green Soft Costs = $69,724 Green Soft Costs as % of Total = 0.38% Green Soft Costs as % of Total Soft = 2.96%

PROJECT 1 Energy Conservation Measures that Resulted from Soft Cost Investment Improved Building Envelope $20,971 Variable Frequency Drives $29,000 Lighting Optimization $25,000 Lighting Controls $5,625 CO2 Sensors in Cafeteria $4,000 Hot water temperature difference $2,450 Melink System $12,500 Pressure Independent Control Valves $5,576 Energy Recovery Wheel $10,000 Fan Coil Unit Fan Cycling $0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total capital cost of ECMs $115,122 = %0.062 of total project cost

PROJECT 1 Energy Conservation Measures Total ECM Cost = $115,122 Total First Year Energy Savings = $22,336 Internal Rate of Return = 25.98% ECMs pay for themselves in < 6 years Total Green Cost Premium = 1% of the total project cost

PROJECT 2 Hamilton Hall cost estimates $320K Estimated Material Cost of LEED ~ 2.5% of total project cost Estimated Energy Savings ($35,000) Annually Estimated < 10 year payback

CONCLUSION A LEED Silver or Gold certification requirement, if introduced early and managed effectively, will result in a minimal additional cost to the project. This addition will typically be less than 2% total project cost. It is also possible that there may be no additional cost. Significant operating savings can be expected as a result.

CONCLUSION A LEED Silver or Gold certification requirement, if introduced early and managed effectively, will result in a minimal additional cost to the project. This addition will typically be less than 2% total project cost. It is also possible that there may be no additional cost. Significant operating savings can be expected as a result.

What can be said about the cost impact of not implementing Harvard s new green building guidelines?

MMBTU Total Building Energy Use from FY90-06 and projected through FY16 MMBTU Linear (MMBTU) 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 - y = 103462x + 1E+06 R 2 = 0.9381 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 Fiscal Year FY06 actual cost = $86,850,000 FY16 projected cost = $157,052,000 Projection is based on: Linear trendline from actual usage from FY1990 2006 showing usage increasing by 103,462 MMBTU per year if stays on same trend. Projected cost increases of about 3.5% per year (actual projected cost increases for FY08-12 are higher) Source: UOS Utility Reports and Longwood Operations Departments

Comments? Comments?