ROMAX European User Forum 2015 Distributor Gearbox for All Wheel Driven (AWD) Multi-Purpose Vehicles (MPV) with integrated Longitudinal and Transversal Differentials Prof. Dr.- ng. rg Adrian Dr.- ng. Franz-Werner Adrian Adrian Technologies GmbH ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 1
Agenda 1) ntroduction Adrian Technologies GmbH 2) All Wheel Driven Multipurpose Vehicles 3) All Wheel Driven Concepts 4) Distributor Box 5) Differentials (Standard Diff) 6) Longitudinal Diff 7) Transversal Diff 8) Some Calculation and Simulation Results 9) Summary 10) Tables and Pictures ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 2
1 ntroduction Adrian Technologies GmbH Founded May 2000 Primarily Developing Components and assemblies for nonautomotive Markets Main Activities (Markets/Countries/Components) Defence Technology, Off-Highway, Agriculture Germany, taly, France, Belgium, USA, China, Korea Transmissions, Axles, Controls (Hard- and Software) All... Design and Prototypes (Tests) Offices in Germany (3), Belgium (2), Korea (4), China (1) Average Duration of Projects between 1 and 3 years Using ROMAX Designer from Day one, with permanent extension of Modules in all Phases of the Design/development Process ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 3
2 All Wheel Driven Multipurpose Vehicles MPV s (some examples) ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 4
3 Drive Train Concepts Drive Train (Single Driven Axle) Schematics E Engine T Transmission D Differential 90 offset between transmission in and out D coaxial placed shafts in transmission E T D T E ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 5
3 Drive Train Concepts Drive Train (All Wheel Drive) Schematics E&T D CD C Engine & Transmission Differential Central-differential Clutch Front axle is main driven D permanent all Wheel Drive D C CD E & T D E & T D ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 6
3 All Wheel Drive Concept for a MPV (Simulationsmodel) Distributor Box Wheel end Side Box ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 7
4 Distributor Box to Front Axle to Rear Axle Idler Longitudinal Diff 1 2 Diff - Open Diff - Locked Antrieb Transversal Diff 1 2 Longitudinal Diff to Rear Axle 1 2 3 X%/Y% 50%/50% no Drehmoment to Front Axle ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 8
4 Distributor Box (Simulationsmodel) To Rear Axle Transversal Diff Longitudinal Diff LH To Rear Axle To Front Axle Longitudinal Diff RH dler To Front Axle ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 9
4 Distributor Box Example Bearing Designation SB 701 SB 702 SB P602 LH SB P601 LH SB 101 Shaft Bearing SB 602 SB 601 SB 502 SB RP102 SB 101 SB 102 SB 202 101... 201 First # of Shaft 101... 102 Bearing from the Left to the Right End of the Shaft SB RP101 SB 501 SB 201 Red Arrows = Bearings are hidden SB P602 RH SB P601 RH SB 302 SB 301 SB 402 SB 401 ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 10
5 Differential (Standard Diff) A Standard Diff consist generally out of four Tapered Gears. Those Gears are balancing Speed Differences when driving through a bend or when driving on uneven Ground. This basic concept can be used as longitudinal as much as a transversal Diff. n most of the Applications as a longitudinal Diff a Ring Gear is added to the Housing (red). To be used as a transversal Diff the Housing is fixed. P 1 T 1 N 1 P An T An N An P 2 T 2 N 2 P An P P 1 1 1 2 T T T 2 An 2 An ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 11
6 Longitudinal Diff The Product Specification has requested a Torque Split of about X%/Y%. Subsequently, a simple Planetary Set has been selected as concept solution Planets Ring Gear Carrier Willi ' s equation N i N (1 i ) N 0 i 0 SunGear 0 RingGear 0 Carrier Z 1 Z RingGear SunGear Torque 1 T2 TVA TSunGear TCarrier ( i 1) i0 T1 THA TRingGear TCarrier ( i 1) 0 0 Torque Split T T 1 2 T T HA VA i Sun Gear 0 ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 12
6 Longitudinal Diff Willi ' s equation and torque N i N (1 i ) N 0 T T N N N SunGear 0 RingGear 0 Carrier RingGear SunGear SunGear Carrier RingGear T T N N Carrier Carrier VA An N HA 1 ( i 1) 0 0 i0 ( i 1) To Rear Axle Drive Differencial locked N N N SunGear RingGear Carrier Differencial unlocked / open N N N SunGear RingGear Carrier To Front Axle ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 13
6 Longitudinal Diff Simulation Longitudinal Diff Longitudinal Diff - Locked Longitudinal Diff - open ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 14
7 Transversal Diff Transversal Diffs require a ratio of i 0 =1. Standard Diffs fullfill this request, simple Planetary Gear Sets do not. i 0 1 Z Ring Gear Sun Gear Combinations of simple Planetary Sets (f.e. Ravigneaux-Sets) provide as well a ratio i 0 =1. Z Ring Gear ANNULUS Out LH Steg-fest Planet 1/2 Sun Out LH INNER In In SUN z 1 z 2 z 3 z 6 z 5 Out RH z 1 z 2 z 3 Out RH OUTER z 4 z 4 Historically, Ravigneaux-Sets have been used in 2- and 3-Speed Transmissions mostly. Meanwhile, applications in multiple Speed Gearboxes are standard Design Practice in automatic Car transmissions. ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 15
7 Transversal Diff nput Ring gear Outer Planet nner Planet Sun Gear Diff-Lock Left wheel Dive Right Wheel Drive ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 16
7 Transversal Diff Simulation Transversal Diff - Locked Transversal Diff - open ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 17
8 Some ROMAX Designer Calculation results Load case Speed Torque Speed Torque Speed Torque Speed Torque Speed Torque (rpm) (Nm) (rpm) (Nm) (rpm) (Nm) (rpm) (Nm) (rpm) (Nm) Example 134-134 120-134 135 Specific 1 739-739 581-605 605 Specific 2R 323-394 320-323 394 Specific 2L 394-323 320-394 323 Red Numbers are input data, some results need iterations to improve accuracy, S P = 0 mandatory, alle calculations with h = 100% ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 18
8 Some ROMAX Designer Calculation results ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 19
9 Summary There are many all-wheel-drivetrain Concepts on the market. The best Concept does not exist yet. Solutions are based on customer needs. ROMAX Designer properly models all Concepts nvestigated and allow in short time concept studies, parametric Studies and mprovement by applying higher Level Processes f.e. in Gear Manufacturing. Differentials Play an important role in the Drive Train Concepts selected and contribute essentially to Driving Stabiltiy, Comfort and wear. ROMAX Designer properly models the function and behaviour of any kind of Planetary Gear Sets. The Simulation Modul helps understanding and shows potential for improvement of selcted Concept/Design. Verification is quickly done. ROMAX European User Forum - Paris/Fr - 29./30.09.2015 Seite 20