Questionnaire: Domestic (Gender and Family) Violence Interventions

Questionnaire: Domestic (Gender and Family) Violence Interventions STRENGTHENING TRANSNATIONAL APPROACHES TO REDUCING REOFFENDING (STARR) On behalf of The Institute of Criminology

STRENGTHENING TRANSNATIONAL APPROACHES TO REDUCING REOFFENDING (STARR) General Information & Instructions Questionnaire Guidelines This questionnnaire investigates what interventions are currently used to reduce reoffending in the field of domestic violence throughout the European Union. You have been carefully selected, through consultation with government and academic justice experts, as possessing knowledge about interventions to reduce domestic violence reoffending in your country. We therefore kindly ask you to take some time to complete the following questionnaire on one specific programme. If you are an expert on other domestic violence programmes as well, please use a different questionnaire for each programme. The majority of questions ask for simple multiple choice answers, asking participants to mark their answers clearly in boxes provided (by tick or cross). Questions will only require one answer (one tick or cross) unless otherwise stated. We are also interested in your experience and opinions of process and effectivenesss of delivering interventions to reduce reoffending. Therefore, we include a series of open ended questions throughout the questionnaire. Please answer these questions concisely and clearly. When you are unsure of the answer for example, when research results are requested we ask you to provide best estimates rather than leaving questions blank. Please answer all questions unless otherwise instructed. Should you have any queries with regards to completing the questionnaire, please feel free to contact the STARR research team at starr@crim.cam.ac.uk. Once completed, please return this questionnaire to the following address: STARR Project, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, England, CB3 9DA. 2

Section 1: General Participant Information 1) Name of organization 2) City/Country:.... 3) Name of contact person: 4) Role/ Profession/ Expertise of contact person: 5) Start date in current role: 6) Telephone and Fax of organization/ contact person:... 7) Contact Address of organization/ contact person:.... 8) Email of Organization: 9) Email of Contact Person:... 10) URL/Website Section 2: General Programme Information 1. Is domestic violence recognized as a criminal act in your country? a. Yes b. No c. Don t know 1a. If yes, since when? (Please state date)... 2. What is the name of the domestic violence/batterer intervention programme? Please State 3. Since when has this programme been running/ when did your programme start? Please state (Year or date): 4. Where was the programme developed? a. Developed in this country b. Developed in another country (Please state)... c. Adapted from another country (Please state)... d. Developed by yourself e. Developed by a local expert 3

5. What is the main theoretical background (or underlying aim)? Please describe briefly:......... 6. Are the programme developers/ adapters involved in the implementation or delivery of the programme? a. Yes b. No 7. Who should participate in this programme? a. Male batterers or perpetrators only b. Female batterers or perpetrators only c. Both male and female batterers or perpetrators 8. What is the age range of these participants? a. 20-29 years b. 30-39 years c. 40-49 years d. 50-59 years e. 60-69 years f. Other (Please state): 9. What is the predominant ethnicity of the programme participants? (As pertaining to your country: e.g. 70% White, 10% Asians, etc) or (70% Nationals, 10% non Nationals, etc) (Please state)...... 10. What type of batterers or perpetrators does this programme target? a. First time batterers or perpetrators b. Repeat or persistent batterers or perpetrators c. Mixed (i.e. both first time and repeat) batterers or perpetrators 11. Do typical participants in the programmes also show other types of criminal behaviour? (E.g. property offences such as burglary; violent offences such as previous assaults, child abuse, sexual abuse; a mixture of violent and property offences, etc.) (Please state):...... 12. How do you recruit participants for the programme or target recipients? a. Court referrals b. Court order/court diversion c. Prison d. Probation (e.g. supervision by a probation officer) e. Parole (e.g. suspension of a prison sentence) f. Voluntary g. Other(s); please state:... 13. Is your work with batterers or perpetrators of domestic violence part of a wider institution or organization? a. Yes, Name of organization:.. b. No 4

14. How is the programme(s) funded? (Please tick as many as appropriate, with percentages if known) a. National government...% b. Regional Government % c. City/County Government.% e. Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs).% g. Private contributions (Donations, foundations, etc).% h. Participant/ Client fees.% h. Others..% (Please state):... 15. Do you collaborate with other institutions or projects? a. Police b. Criminal court c. Civil court d. Prosecutors e. Penal system f. Youth welfare office g. Alcohol treatment h. Family services i. Women s shelters j. Hospitals k. Social services l. General practice doctors m. Emergency units n. Counselling services o. Substance abuse treatment p. Other institutions (Please state). 16. Does your institution provide other services in the field of domestic violence? a. Yes b. No 16a. If yes, what other services do you provide? (E.g. work with sexual offenders, child witnesses of violence, etc) 17. Do you have intake requirements for participants? a. Yes b. No 17a. If yes, client has to: (please tick as many as appropriate) i. Sign an agreement or contract as basis for programme participation ii. iii. iv. Demonstrate a minimum level of accountability for his abuse Demonstrate a minimum of motivation to participate in the measure Be able to cognitively follow the programme v. Have a good enough knowledge of the language of instruction to follow the program vi. vii. viii. ix. Fulfil the facilitator s requirement for group work Agree to minimum confidentiality Be alcohol and drug free at participation Other(s); please state.. 5

Section 3: Description of the programme 1. Is the programme based on known concepts or programmes? a. Yes, name of the programme (Please state):... b. No, own programme (Please state type of programme):... 2. Is the organization and content of the pogramme structured? a. Not at all b. Very little c. Somewhat d. To a great extent 3. Do you have a manual for the step by step procedure or delivery of the programme? a. Yes, how many pages approximately? (Please state):... b. No, any reason? (Please state)... 4. Do you have a training manual for the programme? (i. e. a manual that outlines details of instructions for programme facilitators/instructors and skills required to accomplish tasks) a. Yes, how many pages approximately? (Please state):... b. No, any reason? (Please state):... 5. Do you have a theory manual for the programme? (e. g. a manual that stipulates the theoretical framework for treatment, and provides concrete examples of educational or therapeutic techniques, and any available empirical evidence for the concept) a. Yes, how many pages approximately? (Please state):... b. No, any reason? (Please state):... 6. Do you have an assessment and evaluation manual for the offenders? (i. e. a manual detailing the required characteristics of batterers/perpetrators and how they are assessed) a. Yes, how many pages approximately? (Please state):. b. No, any reason? (Please state):. 7. Do you have a management manual or a manual for the supervision of the programme facilitators/instructors? (e. g. a manual that ensures that programme facilitators record details of their accomplishments for each treatment session) a. Yes, how many pages approximately? (Please state):... b. No, any reason? (Please state): 6

8. What type of intervention do you provide to participants? (Please tick as many as appropriate) a. Non behavioural psychological therapy (e.g. self reflection, counselling, relaxation therapy, etc) b. Systemic approach or family therapy (e.g. couple therapy) c. Behavioural intervention (e.g. behaviour modification training, aggression replacement training, anger management, etc) d. Cognitive behavioural intervention (e.g. cognitive skills programmes, cognitive behavioural therapy, self control, etc) e. Interpersonal skills training (e.g. social skills training, communication skills training, etc) f. Other (Please state):... 8(a). Do you provide this intervention together with other programmes (e.g. alcohol misuse)? a. Yes (Please state programme). b. No, any reason? (Please state):... 9. How much is the programme delivery tailored to the specific learning styles and abilities of the batterer or perpetrator? (e.g. literacy level, language competency, educational level) a. Not at all b. Very little c. Somewhat d. To a great extent 10. What are the core or essential elements of your work? (Please tick as many as appropriate) a. Gender roles & stereotypes(masculinity/feminity ) h. Gender specific power and control b. Attitudes and beliefs that support violence i. Responsibility for the violent behaviour c. Effects of domestic violence on children j. Effects of domestic violence on the victim g. Reconstruction of violent acts k. Anger management d. Egalitarian relationship l. Social skills (communication/conflict resolution) e. Self awareness/self reflection m. Empathy with the victims f. Confronting justification and minimizing strategies n. Self control g. Other (Please state)... 11. How long does a typical treatment session last? (Please state in Hours/Minutes):... 12. How many sessions are required? (Please state) 13. How many weeks does the programme take? (Please state). 14. For approximately how many hours per week does treatment contact/treatment supervision occur? a. 1-2 hours b. 2-4 hours c. 4-10 hours d. 10-15 hours (For Other hours please state): 7

15. How are the sessions designed? (Please tick as many as appropriate) a. Single sessions only b. Group sessions only c. Couple sessions only c. Sessions with family members d. Mix of single and group sessions e. Mix of single, couple and group sessions 16. If group or mixture sessions, what is the typical number per group? (Please state typical group size):... 17. Who developed the batterer intervention or perpetrator programme? a. Mental Health Professional (e.g. Psychologist) who belongs to the Justice System b. Mental Health Professional (e.g. Psychologist) from outside the Justice System c. Professional Educator/ Social Worker affiliated to the Justice System e. Professional Educator/ Social Worker from outside the Justice System f. External/ Independent Programme Agencies g. Prison officer(s) h. Other Professional (Please state)... 18. Who delivers or provides the programme/treatment/intervention? a. Mental Health Professional (e.g. Psychologist) who belongs to the Justice System b. Mental Health Professional (e.g. Psychologist) from outside the Justice System c. Professional Educator/ Social Worker affiliated to the Justice System e. Professional Educator/ Social Worker from outside the Justice System f. External/ Independent Programme Agencies g. Prison officer(s) h. Other Professional (Please state)... 19. How many people (staff) deliver the intervention programme in each session? (Please write number in spaces provided) a. Single sessions only.staff b. Group sessions only.staff c. Couple sessions only.....staff c. Sessions with family members staff d. Mix sessions.staff 20. Do you undertake a systematic assessment of batterers or perpetrators before allocating them to the programme? a. Yes b. No c. Do not know 20(a). If yes, what are the main instruments used? E.g. Personality tests, Pscyhopathy checklist revised [PCL-R], Mental health scale, Risk assessment scale, Expert judgement, etc. (Please state as many as appropriate).. 8

21. Do you undertake a risk assessment for reoffending of the programme recipients? a. Yes, please go to item number 21(a) b. No, please continue from item number 22 21 (a). If Yes, What is the typical risk level for reoffending of programme participants or batterers? a. Very high risk b. High risk c. Medium to high risk d. Medium Risk e. Medium to low risk f. Low risk 22. Where does the programme take place? a. Prison for adults b. Special training school c. Residential Care Centre c. Hospital/Healthcare centre e. Community d. Perpetrator s residence e. Other (Please state):... 23. Is the programme tailored to the risk level for reoffending of the participants? a. Not at all b. Very little c. Somewhat d. To a great extent 24. Do you contact the partner/ ex partner of your clients? a. Yes b. No c. Don t know 24a. If yes, who? i. Current partner (who has suffered violence) ii. Ex-partner (who has suffered violence) iii. New partner (as potential victim) 25. What is the purpose of the contact with partner/ ex partner? a. Information about the programme and its content b. Information about specific work methods c. Information about importance of safety measures d. Partner experience of violence e. Information about limitation of the programme (e.g. no guarantee for non violence) f. Information about legal options like barring or protection orders (if exist) g. Information about specific victim services (e.g. counselling session for victims, victims support services) 26. Is the partner/ex-partner informed in crisis situations and warned about risks? a. Yes b. No c. Don t know 27. Do you provide support services for partners/ ex partners of your clients? a. Yes (Go to 27a) b. No c. Don t know 27(a). If yes, what does this support service provide? (Please tick as many as appropriate) i. Individual support ii. Group work ii. Regular support during the programme participation of client iv. Proactive contacts by support services v. Risk assessment and safety planning vi. Regular part of service vii. Other (please state).. 9

28. If there are other specifics about the programme you would like to emphasize please do so now:...... Section 4: Documentation and Process Evaluation This section addresses issues such as number of participants, dropouts, etc. If you have evaluated such issues we would like to know the results. If you have not evaluated your programme we would request that you provide a best estimate. If you have done the programme several times, please think of a typical example. (For outcome evaluation see Section 5) 1. How successful was the programme in reaching its target group in its intended format? (E.g. it reached 60% of those targeted, 80% completed some of the programme, 20% dropped out) Please State:...... 2. Did the participants attend the programme on a regular basis? a) This was evaluated with the following result: i. Regularly...% ii. Often.% iii. Not regularly.% b) This was not evaluated. My estimation is: i. Regularly...% ii. Often.% iii. Not regularly.% 3. What proportion of participants completed the programme? a) This was evaluated with the following result (in percentage):...% b) This was not evaluated. My estimation is (in percentage):...% 4. Did you gather any systematic information on participant (consumer) satisfaction? a. Yes b. No c. Don t know 10

5. How satisfied were participants with the programme? a) This was evaluated with the following result: i. Not at all satisfied.% ii. Not satisfied.% iii. Satisfied.% iv. Very satisfied.% v. Fully satisfied.% b) This was not evaluated. My estimation is: i. Not at all satisfied.% ii. Not satisfied.% iii. Satisfied.% iv. Very satisfied.% v. Fully satisfied.% 6. Did the participants receive the programme as planned? (E.g. 60% received the programme in full, 20% received part of the programme and 20% did not receive the programme at all) a) This was evaluated with the following result:....... b) This was not evaluated. My estimation is:...... 7. If there were obstacles implementing the programme, what were they?...... 8. Are measures taken to ensure the quality of the programme? (E. g. supervision, training, evaluation of feedbacks, etc) a. Yes b. Somewhat c. No 8(a). If yes, what measures are they?. 9. Here you can write down important results of your process evaluation or observation: 11

10. Is the programme accredited? a. Yes b. Somewhat c. No 10(a) If yes or somewhat, please provide details of the accreditation body or organization. 10(b) If No, what are the reasons for the non accreditation of the programme? Section 5: Outcome Evaluation Every programme has certain goals for its participants. In everyday practice it is often difficult to evaluate systematically if the goals were met. However, there may be systematic information on psychometric data, selfreported delinquency, or official recidivism. Such an outcome evaluation may have been carried out as part of an internal or external project, or a student thesis. If this is available, please send us the document. If this is not available, a rough estimation of the outcome would be desirable. 1. Is there an outcome evaluation of your programme? a. Yes, the results are published, they can be found in... b. Yes, the results are not published but I am able to attach them c. Yes, evaluation is currently running d. Evaluation is planned but not running e. No formal evaluation is planned 2. Who conducted the outcome evaluation? a. Internal unit or department or expert in the justice organization b. External unit or expert separate from our organization (e.g. academic institution) c. Programme developer(s) d. Other (Please state):... 12

3. Which research design was used in assigning batterers or perpetrators to the programme for evaluation purposes? Please select one that best suits your design. a. No comparison group, only data collected after the beginning of the programme b. No comparison group, data collect before and after the beginning of the programme c. Comparison group that did not get the program, but was not fully equivalent to the program group (e.g. drawn from a different age group, or a different offence category, etc.) d. Comparison group that did not get the program, but would seem to be fully equivalent to the program group (e.g. drawn from similar age ranges, same offence category, etc.) through matching or other techniques. e. Randomised experiment, where offenders are assigned by random to program and comparison groups prior to intervention. f. Other (Please State):... 4. In your opinion, were the goals of the programme met? a. Not at all b. In some aspects c. Perfectly 5. Which attributes of the programme do you think are the most important to reach the programme goals?......... 6. Usually not all participants benefit from the programme in the same way. How are the following proportions in your opinion? (E.g. 50% benefited highly, 20% benefited averagely and 30% didn t benefit) a. Participants that did not benefit.% b. Participants that benefited moderately.% c. Participants that benefited highly.% 7. What are the outcome variables of the evaluation? (Please tick as many as appropriate) a. Non violence/ decrease in violence b. Changes in attitudes and beliefs that support violence c. Improvement in client s communication skills and conflict resolution skills d. Behavioural measures (e.g. improvements in temper tantrums, aggression towards others, etc) e. Improvement in partner s feeling of safety f. Improvement in partner s quality of life g. Other: (Please state):... 8. What instruments do you use to measure outcome? (Please tick as many as appropriate) i. Clients self assessment by interview ii. Client s self assessment by questionnaire iii. Facilitators assessment by psychological tests iv. Facilitators assessment by other questionnaire iv. Partner s assessment by interview v. Partner s assessment by questionnaire or inventory vi. vii. Official reports (Police and court records or registers) Others (Please state) 13

9. Do you routinely make follow up contacts by collecting data on recidivism or re-offending of participants? a) Yes, how do you obtain such information? i. Court records ii. iii. iv. Probation Prison records Parole v. Other (Please state)... b) No, Please state reason:......... 10. Which types of participants are in your opinion most likely to benefit from the programme? 11. Which characteristics of the setting/place of delivery are in your opinion especially important for the benefit of the programme? 12. Which characteristics of the implementation are in your opinion especially important for the benefit of the programme? 14

13. Please write down your personal experience or further comments here: 14. Are there any recommendations you would like to make with regard to the treatment of batterers or domestic violence perpetrators? Please comment here: END OF QUESTIONNAIRE Thank you for your cooperation! If you have left open any answers because you were uncertain about the meaning, please do not hesitate to contact us at starr@crim.cam.ac.uk. 15