Vers une industrie agroalimentaire plus responsable oekom s key findings on the sustainability performance of the food & beverages sector Paris, 7.2.2014 Isabelle Reinery, Senior Analyst, oekom research AG
overview f&b sector assessment oekom Universe F&B: - 136 companies - 29 companies with full update & feedback process in 2013-107 companies with full update in 2013 (feedback process in 2014) diverse product portfolio: Composition of the oekom Universe F&B; in % - agricultural commodities (e.g. beef, corn, dairy, fish, rice; production and processing) - beverages (water, soft drinks, alcoholic beverages; manufacturing and bottling) - ready-to-eat products (e.g. soup, pizza, pasta) - snack foods - confectionary - restaurant (especially fast food chains) and catering services companies located at a wide variety of points along the value chain 2
f&b framework conditions population growth: 7 billion (2012), 9.6 billion (2050) growth of the middle class and shifting diets new players: biofuels industry environmental footprint of the production of agricultural commodities 24% of global GHG emissions 37% of landmass (excl. Antarctica) 70% of all freshwater withdrawn from rivers, lakes, aquifers climate change water livelihoods of farmers malnutrition Sources: UN family (incl. FAO, WHO), WRI, Earth Policy Institute, BUND, Heinrich Boell Foundation, WWF, The Lancet 3
rating criteria f&b oekom Corporate Rating Assessment fields in the oekom Corporate Rating F&B and key issues working conditions in the supply chain health & nutrition of consumers climate change sustainable agriculture, livestock & fisheries climate change sustainable water use in agriculture and manufacturing 4 Weighting of key issue indicators > 50 %
key issue: health & nutrition Key assessment fields: health & nutrition strategy, responsible marketing Evaluation based on 7 indicators covering: risk exposure of company s product portfolio h&n policy, targets and action plans to increase uncontroversial ingredients and reduce unhealthy ingredients voluntary nutrition labelling of products use of natural ingredients policy on responsible marketing controversies related to these issues Weight of the assessment fields in the rating: more than 11% (e.g. Nestlé: 11.7%) Key findings: + decrease in sugar, fat, sodium, alcoholic content + increase in healthy ingredients (e.g. fibre, natural ingredients) - decrease often compensated by use of ultra-processed or artificial ingredients - despite improvements in responsible marketing, products are still heavily advertised at children - double standards, i.e. activities limited to single markets - only single companies offer traffic light labelling in a single market 5
key issue: health & nutrition Key assessment fields: health & nutrition strategy, responsible marketing Peer group assessment: Major packaged foods companies Source: oekom Corporate Rating, ORBIT database Outlook: increasing pressure from Western consumers regarding product content, marketing and labelling: make informed choices regulation on product composition, labelling and/or marketing sugar = the new tobacco 6
key issue: agriculture / livestock / fisheries Key assessment fields: agriculture, stock farming & fisheries, agricultural genetic engineering Evaluation based on 12 indicators covering: disclosure of the amount and types of agricultural raw materials used policy/measures to promote sustainable agriculture (e.g. biodiversity, agrochemicals) ratio of raw materials from certified organic farming measures to ensure animal welfare on farms and during transportation and slaughter measures to ensure sustainable animal feed measures to promote sustainable aquaculture percentage of fish from fisheries certified to the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) policy regarding agricultural genetic engineering controversies related to these issues Weight of the assessment fields in the rating: 13.8% (packaged foods company) 7
key issue: agriculture / livestock / fisheries Key assessment fields: agriculture, stock farming & fisheries, agricultural genetic engineering Key findings agriculture: + single companies with advanced policies and measures + increase in sourcing of raw material certified to acceptable standards (e.g. RA) - majority of companies with no or only general standards - measures often limited to single crops or regions; pilot projects - use of agricultural genetic engineered crops and derived products common (double standards) Key findings stock farming & fisheries: + dairy, eggs, meat: companies are increasing the attention they pay to animal welfare - dairy, eggs, meat: yet, if any, companies either pick isolated issues (e.g. cage-free eggs, gestation stalls for sows) or publish very general policies; all stick to industrial animal farming - wild catch fish: single companies with considerable portion of fish coming from sustainable sources (MSC) Key findings overall: + general acknowledgement of company s own responsibility concerning conditions in agricultural raw materials supply chains - lack of transparency regarding raw material use - certified organic farming used for single products if at all - no activities to address food security by an increase in caloric efficiency of product portfolios 8
key issue: agriculture / livestock / fisheries Key assessment fields: agriculture, livestock farming & fisheries Peer group assessment: top 5 major agriculture companies Peer group assessment: top 3 major packaged foods (meat) Source: oekom Corporate Rating, ORBIT database Outlook: securing of agricultural supplies price volatility and increasing prices for agricultural commodities regulation related to land use practices, stocking densities, antibiotics and agrochemicals use, etc. increasing pressure from consumers and other stakeholders regarding animal welfare, sustainable farming practices and food security 9
key issue: sustainable water use Key assessment fields: water use, eco-efficiency water consumption Evaluation based on 6 indicators covering: policies and measures to ensure sustainable water use in manufacturing policies and measures to ensure sustainable water use in agriculture, livestock and fisheries controversies related to these issues eco-efficiency: water consumption (trend) Weight of the assessment fields in the rating: approx. 10% (e.g. Pernod-Ricard: 11.25%) Key findings: + good performance in industrial manufacturing + industry leaders with policies and measures on sustainable water use in agricultural commodity supply chain, at least for single crops - several companies report on single activities such as water footprint analyses, pilot projects in cooperation with scientific institutions or environmental organisations - no information on whether companies refrain from sourcing commodities from regions of severe water stress - little information regarding plans to adapt product portfolio to exclude water-intensive crops in the long run 10
key issue: sustainable water use Key assessment fields: water use, eco-efficiency water consumption Peer group assessment: top 5 Major beverages companies (spirits) Peer group assessment: top 5 Major beverages companies (beer) Source: oekom Corporate Rating, ORBIT database Outlook: securing of water as an ingredient and an operating resource higher prices for agricultural commodities depending on their water footprint regulation related to water use in manufacturing as well as agriculture export bans of water intensive crops increasing pressure from consumers and other stakeholders 11
key issue: climate change Key assessment fields: strategy for addressing climate change, eco-efficiency, transport Evaluation based on 7 indicators covering: climate change policy climate change inventories climate change targets and action plans climate change risk identification and mitigation (transparency) measures to reduce the environmental impact of transport eco-efficiency: energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (trends) Weight of the assessment fields in the rating: 10,5% Key findings: + several companies have increased their energy efficiency and decreased GHG (1, 2) emissions + several companies have implemented quantitative targets for GHG scope 1 and scope 2 emissions, however, often only relative to their business - few companies publish some of their scope 3 emissions - few companies implement quantitative scope 3 emissions targets related to some areas - no tough decisions on climate friendly product portfolio (CO2 footprint), e.g. by shifting from meat to plant ingredients 12
key issue: climate change Key assessment fields: strategy for addressing climate change, eco-efficiency, transport Peer group assessment: top 5 food & beverages companies Source: oekom Corporate Rating, ORBIT database Outlook: regulation regarding energy use and GHG emissions higher prices for agricultural commodities depending on their GHG footprint increasing pressure from consumers and other stakeholders 13
key issue: labour conditions (supply chain) Key assessment field: suppliers Evaluation based on 3 indicators covering: supplier standards with regard to labour issues (incl. child and forced labour, discrimination, freedom of association, pay, working time, health and safety) measures to check compliance of key suppliers with the company's labour standards measures to support key suppliers in their labour management Weight of the assessment field in the rating: 8% Key findings: + increase in support of small-scale farmers (e.g. Fairtrade, training, direct sourcing) + industry leaders with reasonable policies and measures - especially agricultural supply chains still confronted with poor working conditions - nearly 50 companies not reporting on supply chain issues at all Outlook: - securing of supply of agricultural commodities - integration of small-scale farmers in supply chain - increasing pressure from consumers and other stakeholders 14
oekom f&b universe - results Best-in-Class ( Prime ) ratio: Average grades: oekom Universe F&B: 7% oekom Universe F&B: D+ Prime Threshold Source: oekom Corporate Rating Report January 20, 2014 15
oekom corporate rating results oekom Corporate Rating Food & Beverages (as of January 20, 2014) Rank Company Score 1 Coca-Cola Enterprises (US) B- 2 Unilever (NL/GB) B- 3 Nestlé (CH) B- 6 Pernod-Ricard (FR) C+ 9 Danone (FR) C+ 13 PepsiCo (US) C 17 Sodexo (FR) C 22 Emmi (CH) C 38 Kikkoman (JP) C- 73 Nutreco (NL) D+ 74 Remy Cointreau (FR) D 101 China Agri-Industries Holdings D 102 IOI Corp Bhd (MY) D- 136 Lotte Confectionary (KR) D- 16
oekom corporate rating - results Most frequent violations against client-specific exclusion criteria: GMOs: 71% Alcohol: 39% Business Malpractice: 19% Further violations, controversies and risks within the food & beverages sector: Controversial Environmental Practices: related to agricultural activities (e.g. deforestation) Human Rights: related to agricultural activities (e.g. forced eviction/ resettlement) Labour Rights: Child and forced labour, freedom of association, safety incidents Product Responsibility: misleading marketing, product fraud, food safety 17 (as of January 20, 2014)
conclusions 18 Few companies with oekom Prime status, poor overall performance. Pressure on food and beverages systems will intensify and challenge companies regarding several issues. Risks as well as opportunities come from different angles and include: market risks physical risks regulatory risks reputation risks related to the following issues: climate change water biodiversity and soil fertility livelihoods of farmers supplies malnutrition So far, companies mainly concentrated on efficiency in industrial manufacturing and agricultural production (e.g. regarding water) and remained more or less on the surface Even though some sustainability strategies are comprehensive, none of the companies has implemented far-reaching visions in order to be able to sustainably feed the world
contact Isabelle Reinery Senior Analyst oekom research AG Goethestr. 28 D-80336 Munich Tel: +49/89/54 41 84-90 Fax: +49/89/54 41 84-99 Email: info@oekom-research.com Web: www.oekom-research.com 19