Training Workshop on Business Process Analysis in International Trade Module 2: Analysis and description of existing business processes related to foreign trade activities 2.1. Introduction to UML: Use-Case Diagram Somnuk Keretho, PhD Director, Institute of IT Innovation Kasetsart University, Bangkok Joint Workshop on Trade Facilitation and the Single Window 23-25 September 2015, Moscow
Objectives of this session To have a basic understanding of business process modelling, particularly the usefulness of Unified Modeling Language (UML) To be able to read and understand the meaning of Use-Case Diagrams To have some skills in developing Use-Case Diagrams for defining the scope of BPA projects. 2
Conducting a BPA Project in 3 Phases 1. Defining Scope of and Planning a BPA Project 2. Capturing and Modelling the As-Is Process 3. Analyzing Findings of the BPA and Proposing Recommendations for Improvement (Proposing the To-Be Process) Ref: Business Process Analysis Guide to Simplify Trade Procedures, Updated 2012, UNESCAP/UNECE. http://unnext.unescap.org 3
What is it? Business Process Modeling A technique for documenting a business process and its attributes Activities that come in a specific order and decision points Actors who perform those activities Defined inputs and outputs of each activity Criteria for entering and exiting the business process Relationships among actors Information flow Associated rules and regulations Quantitative indicators such as number of steps as well as time and cost required to complete a particular business process Why it is needed? To establish a common understanding about a business process that is shared by all relevant parties To communicate better all aspects of a business process 4
Unified Modeling Language (UML) A set of standard graphical notations for documenting a business process and business requirements Is widely recognized and used among practitioners in business community as well as those in IT and software industry Allows business domain experts to communicate procedural and documentary requirements with IT implementation or software development team http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/unified_modeling_language 5
Two types of UML Diagrams proposed to be used for BPA Importer Buy - Conclude sales contract and trade terms Exporter or Representative Use Case Diagram A frame of reference illustrating a high level business process and its associated actors Exporter or Representative Quote price and term of trade Proforma Invoice Prepare the shipment of goods Importer Acceptable Confirm the intent to purchase Purchase Order Not acceptable Cancel Activity Diagram A detailed elaboration of a use case diagram A graphical representation of a business process and its attributes Activities that come in a specific order and decision points Actors who perform those activities Defined inputs and outputs of each activity Criteria for entering and exiting the business process Relationships among actors Information flow 6
Why we should use Use-Case Diagram? We propose that Use-Case Diagram should be used to defining the scope of a BPA project, because it helps us to communicate well the BPA scope with precise and clear understanding by visualizing main procedures and stakeholders involved. 7
Based on the outcome of desk research, Identify key business processes and name it using a descriptive verb phrase Clear goods through customs Drawing a Use Case Diagram Handle Container and stow it on vessel Identify stakeholders Exporter or Representative Customs Inland Haulage Port Authority Carrier (Shipping Line) Identify relationships between stakeholders and key business processes Exporter or Representative Clear goods through customs Handle Container and stow it on vessel Customs Inland Haulage Carrier (Shipping Line) Department of Fisheries Port Authority 8
An Example Scope of a BPA Project (exportation of shrimps) (precisely illustrated with a Use Case Diagram) Where there are many business processes of the Boundary same category, may be used to group them together. 2) Ship 2.1) Have product sampled and examined Authorized Private Inspector Insurance Company Inland Haulage Importer Importer s Bank 1) Buy 3) Pay Exporter or Representative 2.4) Apply for cargo insurance 2.5) Prepare and submit customs declaration 2.6) Stuff container and transfer to port of departure 2.7) Clear goods through customs Customs Bank Department of Fisheries Carrier (Shipping Line) Port Authority Exporter s Bank For Simplification: * L/C * CIF * FCL * CY/CY 2.8) Handle Container and stow it on vessel 2.9) Prepare documents required by importers Customs Department of Consular Affairs The Central Islamic Committee Office Thailand Department of Foreign Trade 9
Practical Exercise 4 Precisely defining the scope of the BPA project with Use-Case Diagram - Working within your small group: Collect more detailed information about the selected scope of the BPA project, and Identify all actors [stakeholders/agencies involved] Identify all use cases [key business processes] Identify their relationships [which actors are associated with which actors] Draw the Use Case Diagram which defines the scope of your BPA project 10