Lesson Plan Course Title: Computer Maintenance Session Title: Hard Drives Lesson Duration: 90 Minutes Performance Objective: Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to recognize a hard drive, the type of connection, and drive specifications on a computer. Specific Objectives: Understand how a hard drive works. Define terms associated with the lesson. Identify various types of hard drives. Explain how data is stored on a hard drive. Calculate the size of a hard drive. Preparation TEKS Correlations: This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed. 130.273(C)(7)(A) hard drive portion addressed identify the purpose and function of computer components in the operation of the computer system such as central processing unit, motherboard, sockets, chipsets, basic input and output systems and their drivers, memory, hard drive technologies, video cards, input and output devices and ports, and modem and network interface cards (NIC). 130.273(C)(7)(A) demonstrate hard drive maintenance procedures such as defrag scan and clear caches. Instructor/Trainer References: www.howstuffworks.com Instructional Aids: Hard Drives PowerPoint Presentations Hard Drives PowerPoint Presentations Handouts Hard Drive Quiz Hard Drive Quiz Key Hard Drive Lab 1 Hard Drive Lab 1 Key Hard Drive Lab 2 Hard Drive Lab 2 Key 1
Materials Needed: Various types and sizes of hard drives: IDE, Serial, SCSI, External USB, External FireWire (not all are needed) Equipment Needed: A projection system to display the PowerPoint Presentation Learner Students should read the appropriate curriculum material for hard drives, depending on the text/curriculum being used for the course. This lesson can be taught with only the PowerPoint presentation, and the equipment outlined above. Introduction Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): SAY: Hard drives come in many sizes, shapes, and forms. ASK: Can anyone name five different types of hard drives? [IDE, Serial, SCSI, USB, FireWire] ASK: Does anyone know many bits in a byte, bytes in a kilobyte, kilobytes in a megabyte, and megabytes in a gigabyte? [There are 8 bits in a byte, 1024 bytes in a kilobyte, 1024 KB in a megabyte, 1024 MB in a gigabyte.] ASK: Does anyone know how hard drive manufacturers manipulate the size of hard drives? [Manufacturers only calculate a gigabyte at 1000 MB instead of 1024MB.] Outline Outline (LSI Quadrant II): Instructor Notes: I. Introduction to hard drives A. Explain what a hard drive is used for in a computer. B. Define the parts of a hard drive. C. Describe how a hard drive is formatted: 1. Platters 2. Heads 3. Tracks 4. Sectors 5. Cylinders D. How fast does a hard drive spin and how does the speed change? E. How to calculate the size of a hard drive. F. What is interleaving and how is it used? Note: Instructors can use the PowerPoint slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the following outline. II. Hard Drive worksheet and labs A. Students examine different types of hard drives, and their connections and jumpers. 2
III. Hard Drive Quiz Application Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III): The teacher demonstrates how to calculate a drive size and provides guidance when warranted Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Students work in pairs on lab assignments, demonstrating their skills in identifying and discussing the various hard drives elements: Lab 1: Hard Drive Identification Lab 2: Hard Drive Size Summary Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV): Checking for understanding: (Q&A Session) Q: What are the common types of hard drives? A: IDE, SCSI, Serial, USB, FireWire Q: What determines a hard drive s size? A: The number of platters, tracks, sectors per track, and the size of a sector Evaluation Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III): Monitor student progress during independent practice and provide independent reteach/redirection as needed. Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV): Use the Hard Drive Quiz and Hard Drive Quiz Key Extension Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV): Students that have mastered the lab assignments can peer-tutor students (one-onone) that are having difficulty with understanding the concepts of hard drives. 3
Icon Teaching Strategies Verbal/ Linguistic Logical/ Mathematical Visual/Spatial Musical/ Rhythmic Bodily/ Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Lecture, discussion, journal writing, cooperative learning, word origins Problem-solving, number games, critical thinking, classifying and organizing, Socratic questioning Mind-mapping, reflective time, graphic organizers, color-coding systems, drawings, designs, video, DVD, charts, maps Use music, compose songs or raps, use musical language or metaphors Use manipulatives, hand signals, pantomime, real life situations, puzzles and board games, activities, roleplaying, action problems Reflective teaching, interviews, reflective listening, KWL charts Cooperative learning, roleplaying, group brainstorming, cross-cultural interactions Personal Development Strategies Reading, highlighting, outlining, teaching others, reciting information Organizing material logically, explaining things sequentially, finding patterns, developing systems, outlining, charting, graphing, analyzing information Developing graphic organizers, mindmapping, charting, graphing, organizing with color, mental imagery (drawing in the mind s eye) Creating rhythms out of words, creating rhythms with instruments, playing an instrument, putting words to existing songs Moving while learning, pacing while reciting, acting out scripts of material, designing games, moving fingers under words while reading Reflecting on personal meaning of information, studying in quiet settings, imagining experiments, visualizing information, journaling Studying in a group, discussing information, using flash cards with other, teaching others Naturalist Existentialist Natural objects as manipulatives and as a background for learning Socratic questions, real life situations, global problems/questions Connecting with nature, forming study groups with like minded people Considering the personal relationship to the larger context 4
Lab 1 - Hard Drive Identification 1. Explain what a hard drive is used for in a computer. 2. Define the following parts of a Hard Drive: a. Cover mounting screw holes- b. Spindle- c. Read/Write heads- d. Platter- e. Actuator- f. Actuator Arm - g. Base Casting- h. Disk Platters- 3. In revolutions per minute (rpm), how fast do hard drives spin? 4. Flux is the in the media. 5. What is RLL? 6. What type of power connection do hard drives use? 5
Lab 1 - Hard Drive Identification KEY 1. Explain what a hard drive is used for in a computer. It is used as the main storage medium for data and applications. 2. Define the following parts of a Hard Drive: a. Cover mounting screw holes This is where the screws are inserted into the base casting to attach the cover. b. Spindle The round column connected to a motor that spins the attached platters. c. Read/Write heads These tiny devices convert bits to magnetic pulses for storage on the platters, and then reverse the process to read data from the platters. d. Platter These are the actual data-storing disks attached to the spindle. They are usually made of specially coated aluminum. e. Actuator This device moves the actuator arm across the disk to seek different tracks of data. f. Actuator Arm This part holds the read/write heads over the platters just enough so that they do not touch the surface of the disks. g. Base Casting This is what the parts of the drive are mounted to. They generally consist of a single, cast piece of metal. h. Disk Platters The medium on which data is stored in the hard disk drive. 3. In revolutions per minute (rpm), how fast do hard drives spin? 4,500-10,000rpm. Speed will vary as the actuator arm moves in and out. 4. Flux is the local magnetic direction of the media. 5. What is RLL? Run Length Limited (RLL) is an encoding method commonly used on magnetic disks. 6. What type of power connection do hard drives use? Internal drives connect to a Molex connector, while external drives use a transformer plugged into a power outlet. All operate at 12 volts. 6
Lab 2 - Hard Drive Size 1. If a hard drive has 3 platters, 128 cylinders, 512 sectors per track and 64 bytes per sector, what is the capacity of the hard drive? 2. You buy a 40 gigabyte hard drive; what is its actual capacity? 3. What is the capacity of the provided hard drives? A. B. C. D. 4. How do you determine the correct jumper position? 7
Lab 2 - Hard Drive Size KEY 1. If a hard drive has 3 platters, 128 cylinders, 512 sectors per track and 64 bytes per sector, what is the capacity of the hard drive? 3 platter = 6 heads x 128 cylinders or tracks x 512 sectors per track x 64 bytes per sector = 25,165,824 bytes 24576KB 24MB 1024 25165824 1024 24576 Answer: 24 megabytes 2. You buy a 40 gigabyte hard drive; what is its actual capacity? 40GB x 1000 x 1000 x 1000 = 40,000,000,000 bits 40000000000 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 = 37.25GB 3. What is the capacity of the provided hard drives? A. Answer will vary B. Answer will vary C. Answer will vary D. Answer will vary 4. How do you determine the correct jumper position? The top of the hard drive will usually display the correct jumper positions. Common settings are Master Master with slave Slave Cable Select. You must determine the jumper selection when installing the drive. 8
Name: Date Hard Drive Quiz 1. There are two ways to measure the performance of a hard disk. a. Data rate and seek time b. Data rate and megabytes per second c. Data rate and kilobytes per second d. Data rate and disk rotation speed 2. The data rate is the number of bytes per second that the drive can deliver to the CPU. Common rates are between a. 5 and 40 kilobytes per second. b. 20 and 40 kilobytes per second. c. 5 and 40 megabytes per second. d. 5 and 20 megabytes per second. 3. The seek time is the amount of time between when the CPU requests a file and when the first byte of the file is sent to the CPU. Common times are between a. 10 and 20 milliseconds b. 3 and 5 milliseconds c. 8 and 10 milliseconds d. 40 and 60 milliseconds 4. In order to increase the amount of information the drive can store, most hard disks have a. Larger platters b. Faster disk speeds c. Multiple platters d. Smaller sectors 5. Tracks can be defined as a. Concentric circles b. Pie-shaped wedges c. Contiguous bites d. 64-byte segments 6. Sectors can be defines as a. Concentric circles b. Pie-shaped wedges c. Contiguous bites d. 64-byte segments 9
7. Low-level formatting a drive establishes (Choose two) a. The tracks and sectors on the platter b. The read/write ratio c. The starting and ending points of each sector d. Interleave e. The file-allocation table 8. High-level formatting a drive (Choose two) a. Writes the file-storage structures b. Prepares the drive to hold files c. Establishes interleave d. The starting and ending points of each sector 9. A sector holds bytes of user data. a. 1024 b. 256 c. 128 d. 512 10. An interleave of 2:1 with 18 sectors would be a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. b. 1, 10, 2, 11, 3, 12, 4, 13, etc c. 1, 7, 13, 2, 8, 14, 3, 9, 15, etc. d. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, etc 10
Name: Date Hard Drive Quiz KEY 1. There are two ways to measure the performance of a hard disk. a. Data rate and seek time b. Data rate and megabytes per second c. Data rate and kilobytes per second d. Data rate and disk rotation speed 2. The data rate is the number of bytes per second that the drive can deliver to the CPU. Common rates are between a. 5 and 40 kilobytes per second. b. 20 and 40 kilobytes per second. c. 5 and 40 megabytes per second. d. 5 and 20 megabytes per second. 3. The seek time is the amount of time between when the CPU requests a file and when the first byte of the file is sent to the CPU. Common times are between a. 10 and 20 milliseconds b. 3 and 5 milliseconds c. 8 and 10 milliseconds d. 40 and 60 milliseconds 4. In order to increase the amount of information the drive can store, most hard disks have a. Larger platters b. Faster disk speeds c. Multiple platters d. Smaller sectors 5. Tracks can be defined as a. Concentric circles b. Pie-shaped wedges c. Contiguous bites d. 64-byte segments 6. Sectors can be defines as a. Concentric circles b. Pie-shaped wedges c. Contiguous bites d. 64-byte segments 11
7. Low-level formatting a drive establishes (Choose two) a. The tracks and sectors on the platter b. The read/write ratio c. The starting and ending points of each sector d. Interleave e. The file-allocation table 8. High-level formatting a drive (Choose two) a. Writes the file-storage structures b. Prepares the drive to hold files c. Establishes interleave d. The starting and ending points of each sector 9. A sector holds bytes of user data. a. 1024 b. 256 c. 128 d. 512 10. An interleave of 2:1 with 18 sectors would be a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. b. 1, 10, 2, 11, 3, 12, 4, 13, etc c. 1, 7, 13, 2, 8, 14, 3, 9, 15, etc. d. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, etc 12