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Transcription:

country profiles WHO regions AFR AMR EMR EUR SEAR WPR

Algeria Total population: 37 63 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 66% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 3% 2% 63% Recorded.7.7 Unrecorded.3.3 Total 1. 1. Total males / females 1.6.4 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).7. Females (+).1 2.2 Both sexes (+).4 4.7 Males (+) 11.8 Females (+) 8. Both sexes (+).9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7. 87.6 81.3 Former drinkers* (+) 11. 7.4 9. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 86. 9. 9.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 11.8 9.7 6. 21.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.1 12.6.4.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.4 1.4 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.8.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 (197/8) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / / / 89

Angola Total population: 19 49 aged years and older (+): 2% in urban areas: 9% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 17% 14% % 64% Recorded 3.8.9 Unrecorded 1.6 1.6 Total.4 7. Total males / females 12. 3. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 7.6.8 Females (+) 1. 4.1 Both sexes (+) 4.2 11.8 Males (+) 2.1 Females (+) 12.9 Both sexes (+).9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 37.8 6.6 2. Former drinkers* (+) 14.1.8 12.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 2. 76.4 64.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6.1 21.6 68.9 6.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 6.6 17.8 21.3.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6 3.6 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.9 2.1 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 9 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.6 /.6 /.6

Benin Total population: 9 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 42% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% 16% 22% % Recorded 1.2 1.1 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 2.2 2.1 Total males / females 3.4.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 34.8 71.1 Females (+).1 33.6 Both sexes (+) 22.3 6.6 Males (+) 7. Females (+) 2.9 Both sexes (+).4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 42. 6. 1.1 Former drinkers* (+) 9.. 9. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 1. 7. 6.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6.6 2.2 2.9 46.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 47.2 19. 9.4 2.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.7 3.7 Females 1.7.8 Both sexes.2 2.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. 91

Botswana Total population: 1 969 aged years and older (+): 66% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 11% 21% 12% 6% Recorded.6.4 t Unrecorded 3. 3. Total 8.6 8.4 Total males / females 14.3 2. WHO African Region 6.2 6. t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 12.8 22.6 Females (+) 1..8 Both sexes (+) 7.2 17.2 Males (+) 2.3 Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 27.8 4.7 41.3 Former drinkers* (+).8 18.7 17.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 43.6 73. 8. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 19.3 9.2 6. 1. Road traffic accidents, males / females 32.6 21. 3.4 6. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.1 4.2 Females 1..7 Both sexes.8 2. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 92 (/ ) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Burkina Faso Total population: 4 aged years and older (+): 4% in urban areas: 26% Income group (World Bank): Low income % beer 3% 3% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 84% Recorded 4. 4.3 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 7. 6.8 Total males / females 11.2 2.8 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 27.1.1 Females (+) 8.9 32.4 Both sexes (+) 17.7 46.6 Males (+) 22.7 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 18. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 36.6 64.2.8 Former drinkers* (+) 14.1 8.4 11.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.8 72.6 62. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 76. 32.3 6. 8.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 61.1 3.3 12. 2.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 2.8 1.4 Females.2 <.1 Both sexes 1..7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / 93

Burundi Total population: 9 233 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 11% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% 2% <1% Recorded 6. 6.3 Unrecorded 3. 3. Total 9. 9.3 Total males / females 13.9 4.8 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 6. 11.4 Females (+).1.3 Both sexes (+) 3. 7.1 Males (+) 26. Females (+). Both sexes (+) 22. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.9 8. 44.9 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 9.4 12.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 47. 67.9 7.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8. 3.3 72.1 68.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37.8 11.9.3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.4 3.9 Females 1.9.9 Both sexes. 2.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / /,, / / 94

Cabo Verde Total population: 488 aged years and older (+): 68% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 22% <1% 14% 64% Recorded 3.6 t 4. Unrecorded 2.9 2.9 Total 6. 6.9 Total males / females 11.2 2.7 WHO African Region 6.2 6. t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 8. 16.4 Females (+) 2. 6.9 Both sexes (+) 4.9 12.8 Males (+) 23. Females (+) 9.4 Both sexes (+) 17.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 34.7 62.7 48.9 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 1.3 71.1 61.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.3 3.8 4.8.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.2 13.6 6.3 1.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.7 3.7 Females 1.7.8 Both sexes.1 2.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / 9

Cameroon Total population: 624 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded..8 Unrecorded 2.6 2.6 Total 7.6 8.4 Total males / females 13.3 3. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 17.3 32. Females (+) 6.9.7 Both sexes (+) 12.1 27.9 4% 4% 1% Males (+) 2. Females (+).4 Both sexes (+) 19.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3. 7.4 43.8 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 9.4 13. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 46.7 66.8 6.8 Patterns of drinking score, <1% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8.2 31.9 68. 63.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 34.2 14.9 14.3 3.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9. 4. Females 1.9.9 Both sexes.7 2. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 96 / / / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Central African Republic Total population: 4 3 aged years and older (+): 9% in urban areas: 39% Income group (World Bank): Low income 16% 1% 2% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 81% Recorded 1.6 1.8 Unrecorded 1.7 2. Total 3.3 3.8 Total males / females.7 1.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 3.2.3 Females (+).3 2.2 Both sexes (+) 1.7 7.9 Males (+) 18.3 Females (+).6 Both sexes (+) 17. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.2 78.1 6.9 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 69.1 87.6 78.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.7 19. 44..4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3. 8.1 4.2 1.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males. 2.3 Females.7.3 Both sexes 3.1 1.3 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / / / / 21 / 21 / 21, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 97

Chad Total population: 11 721 aged years and older (+): 1% in urban areas: 28% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 4% 3% 27% 66% Recorded.4.4 Unrecorded 4. 4. Total 4.4 4.4 Total males / females 7.1 1.8 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 1.4 7.2 Females (+).1 2. Both sexes (+).7.7 Males (+) 37. Females (+) 24.7 Both sexes (+) 33.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 64. 83.2 73.7 Former drinkers* (+) 17.1 9.4 13.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 81.1 92.6 86.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 76.3 2. 6. 3.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 44.8 18.2.8. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.4 1.4 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 98 / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. /

Comoros Total population: 683 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 28% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 23% 22% Recorded.3.1 Unrecorded.1.1 Total.4.2 Total males / females.4.1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 1.6 9.4 Females (+).1 1. Both sexes (+).9 7.2 Males (+) 2.1 Females (+) 1. Both sexes (+) 1.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 66.2 86. 76.1 Former drinkers* (+) 16. 7.4 12. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 82.7 93.4 88.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 32.9 19.1.6 32. Road traffic accidents, males / females 8.6 2.4 1.3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.4 1.4 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /, /, / / 99

Congo Total population: 4 112 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 62% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 11% <1% 78% Recorded 2. 1.7 Unrecorded 2.2 2.2 Total 4.2 3.9 Total males / females 6.2 1.6 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 6. 14.2 Females (+).4 2.7 Both sexes (+) 3.2 11.1 Males (+) 14.7 Females (+). Both sexes (+) 13.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 48.9 7. 62. Former drinkers* (+) 9. 9.6 9.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7.9 84.6 71.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 47.4 23. 47.8 49.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.8 9.6.9 1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 3.1 1.3 Females.4.2 Both sexes 1.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 (1917/196) / / / 16 / 16 / 16, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Côte d Ivoire Total population: 18 977 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 1% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 81% 16% 3% <1% Recorded 4. 4. Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 6. 6. Total males / females 9.8 1.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 4. 12. Females (+).3 2.6 Both sexes (+) 2.4.4 Males (+) 27.6 Females (+) 18.2 Both sexes (+) 2.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.8 83. 67.9 Former drinkers* (+).6 6.8 8.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 64.4 89.8 76.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 91.9 34.4 62.2 2.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 38.3 17.2. 2. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 12.6.3 Females 3.4 1.6 Both sexes 8.1 3. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 (1964/1999) / / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 1

Democratic Republic of the Congo Total population: 62 191 aged years and older (+): % in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 73% 24% 1% 2% Recorded 1.7 2.3 Unrecorded 1.3 1.3 Total 3. 3.6 Total males / females.8 1. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).7 13.7 Females (+).4 2.6 Both sexes (+) 3..7 Males (+) 14. Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 12.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 49.7 7.6 62.8 Former drinkers* (+) 9. 9.6 9.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8.7 8.1 72.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.6 24.1.3. Road traffic accidents, males / females 41.2.3.8 1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.4 3.1 Females.9.4 Both sexes 4.1 1.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 2 (1968/8) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.1 /.1 /.1 /

Equatorial Guinea Total population: 696 aged years and older (+): 61% in urban areas: 4% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 72% 28% Recorded 8.3.8 Unrecorded.8.8 Total 9.1 6.6 Total males / females.1 2.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 8.6 16.9 Females (+) 1.4 4.9 Both sexes (+).1 12.8 Males (+) 19.9 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 16. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.1 63.2 48.7 Former drinkers* (+) 14.1 8.4 11.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 49.3 71.7 6. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.9 18.2 1.2 3. Road traffic accidents, males / females 21.4 7. 7.7 2.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9. 3.8 Females 1.6.8 Both sexes. 2.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 (/11) / (partial) / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 3

Eritrea Total population: 741 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 22% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 <1% 36% 64% Recorded.8. Unrecorded.6.6 Total 1.4 1.1 Total males / females 1.8.3 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).8 1.7 Females (+). <.1 Both sexes (+).4.9 Males (+) 3.9 Females (+).8 Both sexes (+) 2. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 4.7 6.3 1.1 Former drinkers* (+) 7. 4.3.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 2.7 6.6 6.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females. 2.2 14. 3.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 61.1 18..8.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 3.3 1.4 Females.3.2 Both sexes 1.8.8 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 4 / / /,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.3

Ethiopia Total population: 87 9 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 17% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.9.7 Unrecorded 3. 3. Total 4.4 4.2 Total males / females 6.2 2.2 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 1. 4.8 Females (+) <.1.1 Both sexes (+). 3.2 8% 41% % Males (+) 3.1 Females (+) 19.9 Both sexes (+) 26. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 62.3 79.9 71.2 Former drinkers* (+) 17.1 9.1 13.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 79.4 89. 84.3 Patterns of drinking score, <1% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 42.7 21.8.1.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 34.7 13.8 9.4 3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 3.7 1. Females.6.3 Both sexes 2.1.9 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Gabon Total population: 1 6 aged years and older (+): 61% in urban areas: 86% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 12% <1% 68% Recorded 6.8 8.9 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 8.8.9 Total males / females 17.3 4.6 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 9. 17.3 Females (+) 1.6.3 Both sexes (+).3 12.9 Males (+) 33.3 Females (+). Both sexes (+) 26. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 24.8.9 37.9 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2 18.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 48. 69.7 8.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4. 23.1 67. 6. Road traffic accidents, males / females 36.4 14.6 32. 7.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.3 3.9 Females 1.8.8 Both sexes. 2.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 6 / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Gambia Total population: 1 681 aged years and older (+): 4% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): Low income 6% beer <1% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 93% Recorded 2.4 2.4 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 3.4 3.4 Total males / females. 1.4 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 1. 6.4 Females (+).1 1.6 Both sexes (+).6. Males (+) 34.2 Females (+) 22.6 Both sexes (+) 3.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 82.4 93.2 87.9 Former drinkers* (+) 1..7 1.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 83.9 93.9 89. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.9 19. 1.4 36.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 41.3 18.3 11.6 3.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.7 1.4 Females.1 <.1 Both sexes.9.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / /,, / / 7

Ghana Total population: 24 263 aged years and older (+): 61% in urban areas: 1% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 1. 1.8 Unrecorded 1. 3. Total 3. 4.8 Total males / females 7.8 1.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 3.9 11.7 Females (+). 3.6 Both sexes (+) 2.1 9.2 7% 3% % 3% Males (+) 23.6 Females (+) 13.9 Both sexes (+).6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 1. 76. 64.1 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 66.9 86. 76.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 62.2 34.2 7.2 4.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.9 18. 6.3 1.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.9 2. Females.8.4 Both sexes 3.3 1.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 8 / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Guinea Total population: 876 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Low income 4% 16% 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 79% Recorded.3.2 Unrecorded.. Total.8.7 Total males / females 1.4.1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 2.7 21.8 Females (+).6 12.7 Both sexes (+) 1.7 19.2 Males (+) 11.1 Females (+) 1. Both sexes (+) 8.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7. 9. 82. Former drinkers* (+) 12.. 8.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 87. 9. 91.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 7. 23.9 19.4 28.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 34.2 13.2 1..1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.4 1.4 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 9

Guinea-Bissau Total population: 1 87 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 43% 22% % % Recorded 2.7 2. Unrecorded 1.1 1. Total 3.8 4. Total males / females 6.4 1.7 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 6.8.4 Females (+).7 4.1 Both sexes (+) 3.7 12.3 Males (+) 14.6 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 13.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 47.1 73.6 6. Former drinkers* (+) 9..1 9. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 6.1 83.7 7. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6.4 22.7 42.3.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 67.2 17.1 2.7.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.8 1.4 Females.1 <.1 Both sexes.9.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 1 / / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.

Kenya Total population: 4 99 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 22% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 1.6 1.8 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 4.1 4.3 Total males / females 7.4 1.3 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 2.4 7.4 Females (+) <.1.1 Both sexes (+) 1.2.2 2% % 22% 6% Males (+) 22.8 Females (+) 9.6 Both sexes (+) 18.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 1.8 77.1 64.6 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 67.7 86.7 77.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 29.8 18. 9.3 49.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 2.3 9.1 6. 1.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.8 2.4 Females.8.4 Both sexes 3.2 1.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 (/11) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / /, /, / / / / / 111

Lesotho Total population: 2 9 aged years and older (+): 62% in urban areas: 27% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 2.1 2.8 Unrecorded 3.7 3.7 Total.8 6. Total males / females.8 2. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 7.1 16.9 Females (+).8 4.1 Both sexes (+) 3.8 12.8 <1% 3% 19% 1% Males (+) 2.6 Females (+) 13.4 Both sexes (+) 21.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 44.4 71.2 8.2 Former drinkers* (+) 13.6.1 11.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8. 81.3 7. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.6 11. 6.3 3. Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.2 18.6 2.9.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7. 3.2 Females 1.1. Both sexes 4.2 1.8 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 112 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Liberia Total population: 3 98 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 48% Income group (World Bank): Low income 11% 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 88% Recorded 3. 3.1 Unrecorded 1.6 1.6 Total.1 4.7 Total males / females 7. 2. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 18.3 43.9 Females (+) 4.9 26.3 Both sexes (+) 11. 38.4 Males (+) 18.1 Females (+).6 Both sexes (+).8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).8 7.2 63.1 Former drinkers* (+) 7.6 6.3 6.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8.4 81. 7. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.7 23. 2.7 2.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 46.7 17.8 6.8 1.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.4 3.1 Females 1.1. Both sexes 4.2 1.8 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. 113

Madagascar Total population: 21 8 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 3% 9% <1% 6% Recorded.7.8 Unrecorded. 1. Total 1.2 1.8 Total males / females 2.9.7 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).4 72.2 Females (+) 3. 43. Both sexes (+) 9.2 64.8 Males (+) 13.4 Females (+) 9.9 Both sexes (+) 12. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 61. 83.4 72.6 Former drinkers* (+) 17.1 9.6 13.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 78.7 92.9 8.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 27. 22.1 38.6 44. Road traffic accidents, males / females 39.7 16.7 11.7 2.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 3.8 1.6 Females.4.2 Both sexes 2.1.9 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 114 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Malawi Total population: 14 aged years and older (+): 4% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Low income 9% 14% 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 76% Recorded 1.3 1. Unrecorded. 1. Total 1.8 2. Total males / females 4.. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 14.6 1.4 Females (+) 1.4 13.1 Both sexes (+) 7.9 4.8 Males (+).9 Females (+) 4.6 Both sexes (+) 12.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).8 79.8 67.9 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 71.7 89.4 8.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.9 28.8 42.6 4.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 41.6. 11.6 1.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.1 2.1 Females.6.3 Both sexes 2.8 1.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 1

Mali Total population: 13 986 aged years and older (+): 3% in urban areas: 36% Income group (World Bank): Low income 13% 2% 2% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 83% Recorded..6 Unrecorded.. Total 1. 1.1 Total males / females 2.2. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).1 2. Females (+) <.1.4 Both sexes (+).1 2. Males (+) 36.4 Females (+) 2.8 Both sexes (+) 29.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 91.1 96. 93.6 Former drinkers* (+) 2.9 2.4 2.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 94. 98.4 96.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 64.1 3.6 31. 18.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females.3 27. 6.4.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1. 1.4 Females <.1. Both sexes.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 116 / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3

Mauritania Total population: 3 69 aged years and older (+): 9% in urban areas: 41% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded.1.1 Total.1.1 Total males / females.2. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) <.1 1.3 Females (+) <.1.4 Both sexes (+) <.1 1. Males (+) 6.6 Females (+) 1.4 Both sexes (+) 4.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 94. 96. 9. Former drinkers* (+) 3. 2.4 2.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 97. 98.4 97.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 36.3 17. 3. 19.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 66.1 21.7.. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.6.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban / 117

Mauritius Total population: 1 231 aged years and older (+): 79% in urban areas: 42% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 12% 21% <1% 66% Recorded 2.8 2.6 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 3.8 3.6 Total males / females.9 1.4 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 21.2 47.6 Females (+).1 2.6 Both sexes (+) 13. 4.7 Males (+) 13.2 Females (+) 7.2 Both sexes (+) 11.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 41.8 69.4.8 Former drinkers* (+) 13.6.8 12.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.4 8.2 68. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.9 6.4 1.7 49.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 29.7 4.. 3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.9 3.3 Females 1.2.6 Both sexes 4. 1.9 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 118 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / /

Mozambique Total population: 23 967 aged years and older (+): % in urban areas: 38% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% 2% 4% 63% Recorded 1. 1.3 Unrecorded.8 1. Total 2.3 2.3 Total males / females 3. 1.1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 1.7 6.2 Females (+) <.1.1 Both sexes (+).8 4.4 Males (+) 13. Females (+) 11.7 Both sexes (+) 12.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.3 8.7 69.6 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 73.2 9.3 82.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 37.6 2.9 32.4 46.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 32.9 22.3 1.8.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 4.8 2. Females.6.3 Both sexes 2.6 1.1 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / --- / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.6 /.6 /.6 119

Namibia Total population: 2 179 aged years and older (+): 62% in urban areas: 38% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income <1% 1% 2% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 97% Recorded.1 6.8 Unrecorded 3.7 4. Total 8.8.8 Total males / females 16.7.4 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 22.8 46.4 Females (+) 7. 23.6 Both sexes (+) 14. 37.2 Males (+) 34. Females (+) 18.3 Both sexes (+) 27.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 34.2 61.8 48.7 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.8 7.2 61. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.1 6. 68.8 64.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.3 18.9 66.1.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.8 3.7 Females 1.7.8 Both sexes.1 2.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 1 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Niger Total population: 894 aged years and older (+): % in urban areas: 17% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.1.1 Unrecorded.2.2 Total.3.3 Total males / females..1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).3 3.6 Females (+) <.1.6 Both sexes (+).2 2.9 41% 13% 46% Males (+).9 Females (+) 4.4 Both sexes (+).6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9. 94.8 92.4 Former drinkers* (+) 1. 3. 2.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 91. 97.8 94.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 48..2. 24. Road traffic accidents, males / females 1.4 23..1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.4 1.4 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / /, /, / / / / 121

Nigeria Total population: 16 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 91% 8% <1% 1% Recorded 9.8 9.1 Unrecorded 2. 1. Total 12.3.1 Total males / females 14.9.1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 11.3 19.4 Females (+) 2. 6.8 Both sexes (+) 6.7.3 Males (+) 2.6 Females (+) 17.7 Both sexes (+) 23.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 26.1 2. 39.2 Former drinkers* (+).8 18.7 17.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 41.9 71.3 6.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 79.2 29.2 69.3 68.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females.1 2.8 12.7 4.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 3.8 1. Females.4 <.1 Both sexes 2.1. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 122 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. /

Rwanda Total population: 837 aged years and older (+): % in urban areas: 19% Income group (World Bank): Low income 11% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 89% Recorded 6.8 6.8 Unrecorded 3. 3. Total 9.8 9.8 Total males / females.1. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 3.2 4.3 Females (+).9 31.2 Both sexes (+).1 4. Males (+) 27.2 Females (+) 14.3 Both sexes (+) 22. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 28.7.8 42.8 Former drinkers* (+).8 9.4 12.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44. 6.2.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 28. 19. 74.3 69.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 39. 17.4 3.3.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.9 4.2 Females 2. 1. Both sexes.8 2. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 123

Sao Tome and Principe Total population: 178 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 62% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 16% 24% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 6% Recorded.8 4.2 Unrecorded 2.9 2.9 Total 8.7 7.1 Total males / females 11. 2.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 8.2 16. Females (+) 1.8 6. Both sexes (+) 4.9 12.8 Males (+) 23.3 Females (+).4 Both sexes (+) 18. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 36.4 64.2.7 Former drinkers* (+) 14.1 8.4 11.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.6 72.6 61.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least most Males 8.8 3.7 Females 1.6.8 Both sexes.1 2.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 124 / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.

Senegal Total population: 12 91 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 42% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 4% 41% % Recorded.3.3 Unrecorded.3.3 Total.6.6 Total males / females 1.1.1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+).4 3.9 Females (+) <.1.4 Both sexes (+).2 3.4 Males (+).7 Females (+) 7.1 Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 9. 9.2 Former drinkers* (+).2 3. 4.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 9.2 98. 94. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4..6 13.2 26.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.1 31.3.2. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.4 1.4 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /, /, / / / 12

Seychelles Total population: 91 aged years and older (+): 78% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 22% 11% 67% Recorded 6.2 t 4.1 t Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 7.2.6 Total males / females 8.7 2.4 WHO African Region 6.2 6. t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 39.1 7.9 Females (+) 7.9 24.1 Both sexes (+) 23.7 3.8 Males (+).8 Females (+) 7.2 Both sexes (+) 12.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 21.6 46.9 34.1 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44.8 67.2.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least most Males 9.8 4.1 Females 1.9.9 Both sexes.9 2.6 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 126 (3/ ) / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / /

Sierra Leone Total population: 72 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 38% Income group (World Bank): Low income 6% beer <1% 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 93% Recorded 6.7 6.7 Unrecorded 3. 2. Total 9.7 8.7 Total males / females 14. 3.6 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 12.6 22.7 Females (+) 4.7 13.6 Both sexes (+) 8.6 19.2 Males (+) 2.3 Females (+).4 Both sexes (+) 19. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 29. 6.1 42.7 Former drinkers* (+).8 9.4 12. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44.7 6..3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2. 2.6 69.7 63. Road traffic accidents, males / females 4. 21.1 13.4 3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 4.9 1.4 Females. <.1 Both sexes 2.7.7 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / /,, / / / 127

South Africa Total population: 1 42 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 62% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 17% 17% 18% 48% Recorded 7.6 8.2 Unrecorded 2. 2.9 Total.1 11. Total males / females 18.4 4.2 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 17.8 31.7 Females (+) 3.7 13.9 Both sexes (+).4 2.6 Males (+) 32.8 Females (+) 16. Both sexes (+) 27.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 28. 4.9 42. Former drinkers* (+).8 18.7 17.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 43.7 73.7 9.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.2 8.9 68.4 9.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 47.7 16.2 2.2 11.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males. 4.2 Females 1..7 Both sexes.6 2.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 128 (1999/7) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. /

South Sudan Total population: 9 941 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: Income group (World Bank): information available 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 information available Recorded Unrecorded Total Total males / females WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) Former drinkers* (+) Abstainers (+), past 12 months Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.3 29.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.8.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males Females Both sexes WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 129

Swaziland Total population: 1 193 aged years and older (+): 61% in urban areas: 21% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 33% 6% 1% 1% Recorded.4 4.7 t Unrecorded. 1. Total.4.7 Total males / females.6 1.1 WHO African Region 6.2 6. t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 12. 21.9 Females (+) 2. 7.4 Both sexes (+) 7.1 16.1 Males (+) 19.4 Females (+) 3.3 Both sexes (+) 13. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 29.7 6.8 43.7 Former drinkers* (+).8 9.4 12. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.4 66.2 6.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 38.8 37.6 3. 4.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 27.4.2 32.2 3.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.7 4.1 Females 2..9 Both sexes.7 2. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 13 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.

Togo Total population: 6 36 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 43% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 2% 22% 27% 49% Recorded 1. 1.3 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 2. 2.3 Total males / females 3.8.9 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 3. 1. Females (+) 14.1 24.6 Both sexes (+) 24.3 38.6 Males (+). Females (+) 1.6 Both sexes (+) 3.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 28.1 37.9 33.1 Former drinkers* (+) 3.3 4.8 4.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 31.4 42.7 37.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 61.8 23.6 22.2 41.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 32.6. 9.3 2.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 12.2.2 Females 3.3 1.6 Both sexes 7.7 3.3 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / /,, / / 131

Uganda Total population: 33 987 aged years and older (+): 1% in urban areas: 13% Income group (World Bank): Low income 9% <1% 2% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 89% Recorded 8.9 8.3 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 9.9 9.8 Total males / females 14.4.2 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 6.8 12.1 Females (+).1.3 Both sexes (+) 3.4 8.3 Males (+) 2.6 Females (+) 19.6 Both sexes (+) 23.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 27.9 4.9 41.4 Former drinkers* (+).8 18.7 17.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 43.7 73.7 8.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 67.8.1 72.2 68.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 6.8 2.6.7.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males. 4.2 Females 1..7 Both sexes.8 2. WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 132 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

United Republic of Tanzania Total population: 44 973 aged years and older (+): % in urban areas: 26% Income group (World Bank): Low income 11% <1% 2% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 87% Recorded 4.8.7 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 6.8 7.7 Total males / females 11.4 4. WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 21.2 4.6 Females (+) 7.4 23.3 Both sexes (+) 14.2 34. Males (+) 21.9 Females (+) 12.7 Both sexes (+) 18.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 31.2 8.7 4.1 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 9.4 13. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 47.8 68.1 8.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.1 2. 67.4 6.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.8 29.9 19. 6.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.3 3.9 Females 1.9.9 Both sexes. 2.4 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /. / 133

Zambia Total population: 13 217 aged years and older (+): 3% in urban areas: 36% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 23% 61% 13% 3% Recorded 2.4 2. Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 3.9 4. Total males / females 6. 1.6 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 4.4 9.8 Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) 2.2 7.2 Males (+) 14. Females (+) 9.6 Both sexes (+) 13.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 46.4 73.1 9.8 Former drinkers* (+) 9..1 9. Abstainers (+), past 12 months.4 83.2 69.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.8 29.4 3.9 2.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 41.7.4.1 1.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.9 3.4 Females 1.. Both sexes 4. 1.9 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 134 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Zimbabwe Total population: 13 77 aged years and older (+): 9% in urban areas: 38% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 68% 24% 1% 7% Recorded 4.1 4.7 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total.1.7 Total males / females.8.8 WHO African Region 6.2 6. Males (+) 21. 42.8 Females (+) 6.3 22.2 Both sexes (+) 13.7 3.1 Males (+) 21.6 Females (+) 2.9 Both sexes (+) 14.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.6 63.3 49.8 Former drinkers* (+) 14.1 8.4 11.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 49.7 71.7 61. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.8 16.9 1. 4.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18.4.8 47.7 3.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9. 3.8 Females 1.6.8 Both sexes.2 2.2 WHO African Region 3.3 1.4 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / / 13

136

Antigua and Barbuda Total population: 87 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 47% <1% 17% 36% Recorded.8 t 4.9 t Unrecorded..4 Total 6.3.4 Total males / females 7.7 3.1 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 11.3. Females (+) 2.3 3.7 Both sexes (+) 6.7.1 Males (+).6 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 8. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.3 22.1.3 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.9 39.6 33.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8. 3.8 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes. 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / /, /, / / 137

Argentina Total population: 4 374 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 92% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income % 6% 41% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 48% Recorded 7.6 8.3 Unrecorded 2. 1. Total 9.6 9.3 Total males / females 13.6.2 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 24. 34.2 Females (+).8 1.7 Both sexes (+) 12..4 Males (+) 19. Females (+).9 Both sexes (+).8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11.7 29.7 21. Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3. 1.7 41.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 29.8.3 62.9 63. Road traffic accidents, males / females 26.4 7.6 12. 4.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9. 4.8 Females 2. 1.2 Both sexes.7 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 138 (1997/9) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Bahamas Total population: 36 aged years and older (+): 78% in urban areas: 84% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 1% 34% % Recorded 8.4 t 6.3 t Unrecorded.6. Total 9. 6.9 Total males / females.1 3.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 9.8 14. Females (+) 1.3 2.9 Both sexes (+).4 9.8 Males (+) 14.9 Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+) 12. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14.2 34.2 24. Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 32. 6.6 4. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 17.2 4.3 49. 4.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 21.2 9.9 4.9 1.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.1 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.6 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 (1932/6) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / / 139

Barbados Total population: 28 aged years and older (+): 81% in urban areas: 44% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 6.3 t 6.3 t Unrecorded.. Total 6.8 6.8 Total males / females 9.8 4. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 23.9 31.9 Females (+).3 8. Both sexes (+) 14. 21.2 49% <1% % 4% Males (+) 13.1 Females (+) 6.3 Both sexes (+). Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6. 18. 12.3 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 2.1 37.6 31.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 13.3 4.2 6.8 2. Road traffic accidents, males / females.3 2.9 9.9 3.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.3 3.8 Females 3.1 1.7 Both sexes.7 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / /, /, / / 14

Belize Total population: 39 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 2% 3% <1% 68% Recorded.3 t 6.8 Unrecorded 1. 1.7 Total 6.3 8. Total males / females 14. 2. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 4.6.2 Females (+).1 1.1 Both sexes (+) 2.4 8.3 Males (+) 32.1 Females (+) 21.2 Both sexes (+) 29.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 41. 81.3 61.3 Former drinkers* (+) 13.6 6.8.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.6 88. 71.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 49.1 13.8 8.8 27.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 41.1. 21.4 3.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.3.2 Females 2. 1. Both sexes 6.1 3.1 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 141

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Total population: 7 aged years and older (+): 64% in urban areas: 67% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 4% 19% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 77% Recorded 2.6 3.8 Unrecorded 2. 2.1 Total.1.9 Total males / females 9.1 2.7 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 7.8 12.4 Females (+).7 1.7 Both sexes (+) 4.2 8.1 Males (+) 14. Females (+) 6.6 Both sexes (+) 11.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 16.4 38. 27.3 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 37.6 8.7 48.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 64. 36.2 47.8 4.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37.9 12. 7.7 2.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.1 3.9 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.6 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / (. public transport) / / / /,, / 142

Brazil Total population: 19 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 87% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 6.8 7.2 Unrecorded 3. 1. Total 9.8 8.7 Total males / females 13.6 4.2 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+).7 29.9 Females (+).2 11.1 Both sexes (+) 12.7 22.1 36% <1% 6% Males (+) 19.6 Females (+) 8.9 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), 4% Lifetime abstainers (+) 12.4 3.8 21.9 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3.7 3.2 42.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 28.8.8 62.6 6.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 2. 11.3 18..2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.2 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.6 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 (3/7) / / /,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / / 143

Canada Total population: 34 126 aged years and older (+): 84% in urban areas: 81% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 27% 22% 1% Recorded 7.8 8.2 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 9.8.2 Total males / females.1. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 2. 31.2 Females (+).9 14.7 Both sexes (+) 17.8 23.1 Males (+) 18.8 Females (+) 7.4 Both sexes (+) 13.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.7 13.3 11.1 Former drinkers* (+) 11. 12.7 11.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 19.7 26.1 22.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.6.1 62. 63.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 11. 4.1 13.8 4.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.2 6. Females 3.6 2.3 Both sexes 6.8 4.1 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Subnational /. / Subnational / / Subnational Subnational, /, / / / 144

Chile Total population: 17 1 aged years and older (+): 78% in urban areas: 89% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 29% 3% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 41% Recorded 6.8 7.6 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 8.8 9.6 Total males / females 13.9. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 9.8 13. Females (+).1.1 Both sexes (+) 4.9 7.4 Males (+) 19.2 Females (+) 9.3 Both sexes (+) 14.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.7 23.2 16.1 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 27.3 4.6 34.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 31.2 9. 66.3 66.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 22.8.6 9.2 3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8. 4.3 Females 1..8 Both sexes. 2. WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 (/11) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 14

Colombia Total population: 46 44 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 1% 33% <1% 66% Recorded 4.2 4.2 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 6.2 6.2 Total males / females 9.1 3. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 8.3 13.8 Females (+).2.6 Both sexes (+) 4.1 8.6 Males (+).2 Females (+) 9.4 Both sexes (+) 12.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 18.9 42.1 3.9 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2..9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.1 62.6 1.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9..4 6. 4.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.8 7.4 23.2 9. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.7 4. Females 3.3 1.9 Both sexes.9 3.2 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 146 (7/ ) / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.4 /.4 /.4 / /

Costa Rica Total population: 4 67 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 64% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 4.1 4.4 Unrecorded 1.4 1. Total..4 Total males / females 7. 3.2 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 12.6.4 Females (+) 2.4 6. Both sexes (+) 7.6 14.8 36% <1% 9% Males (+) 12.1 Females (+) 7.8 Both sexes (+). Abstainers (%), % Lifetime abstainers (+) 16.8 38.8 27.6 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 38. 9. 48.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.8. 46. 3.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 27..6 32. 13.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.7 4.4 Females 2.8 1. Both sexes.8 3. WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 147

Cuba Total population: 11 282 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 4.4 4.2 Unrecorded 1.1 1. Total..2 Total males / females 8.8 1.6 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+).9.2 Females (+) 1.8 3.3 Both sexes (+) 6.3.1 9% 39% Males (+) 12.3 Females (+) 3. Both sexes (+) 8.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9.6 2.3 17.4 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 22..3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 28.3 47.3 37.8 Patterns of drinking score, 2% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.8 4.2.4 44.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 12.6 3.3.2.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.9 3.8 Females 3.1 1.7 Both sexes. 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 148 (198/11) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Dominica Total population: 71 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 67% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 1% 14% 7% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 78% Recorded 7. t 6.6 t Unrecorded.. Total 8. 7.1 Total males / females.2 4.1 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 41. 9.4 Females (+) 14.3 29.6 Both sexes (+) 27.7 46.9 Males (+) 14.6 Females (+) 8.4 Both sexes (+) 12. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11.7 29..8 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3. 1. 41. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.1 3.8 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.6 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / 149

Dominican Republic Total population: 17 aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 69% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.7 6.2 Unrecorded.6.7 Total 6.3 6.9 Total males / females 9.8 4. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 24.7 37. Females (+) 8.2 18.6 Both sexes (+) 16.4 29.6 3% 43% <1% 4% Males (+) 14.7 Females (+) 9.1 Both sexes (+) 12.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14.9 3. 2.2 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3.7 19. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 33.2 6.2 44.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 19.7 16.2 3.1 48. Road traffic accidents, males / females 76.1 23.. 3.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.2 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.7 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.3 /.3 /

Ecuador Total population: 1 aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 67% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 1% 32% 67% Recorded 3.8 4.2 Unrecorded.4 3. Total 9.2 7.2 Total males / females 11.1 3.4 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 7.1 12. Females (+). 1. Both sexes (+) 3.8 8. Males (+) 18.8 Females (+) 9.4 Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 19.8 43.6 31.8 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2..9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 41. 64.2 2.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 32.6 18.4 46.9.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 61.4.1 8.8 2.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8. 3.9 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.6 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.1 / / 1

El Salvador Total population: 6 218 aged years and older (+): 68% in urban areas: 64% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 2.6 2.2 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 3.6 3.2 Total males / females. 1.7 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 16. 28.8 Females (+) 4.7 13.6 Both sexes (+) 9.8 22.4 6% 42% Males (+) 9. Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 7.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 21.3 4. 34.4 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44. 6.8 6. Patterns of drinking score, 2% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 7. 19.4 33.9 47.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.3 12.7 37.6 13. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.8 3.9 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.2 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 2 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.

Grenada Total population: aged years and older (+): 72% in urban areas: 39% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 66% <1% 3% 4% Recorded. t 11.9 t Unrecorded..7 Total 11. 12. Total males / females 17.9 7.3 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 8. 13.3 Females (+) 1. 2.8 Both sexes (+) 4. 9.2 Males (+) 29.9 Females (+) 19.6 Both sexes (+) 2.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 18.7 42. 3.7 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2..9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 39.9 63. 1.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8. 3.9 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes. 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / 3

Guatemala Total population: 14 342 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 49% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 2.4 2.2 Unrecorded 1.6 1.6 Total 4. 3.8 Total males / females 7.. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 13. 24.1 Females (+) 4. 14.2 Both sexes (+) 8..2 6% <1% 42% Males (+) 13.9 Females (+) 1.7 Both sexes (+) 9.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 22.8 47.9 36.1 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 46.1 68.2 7.7 Patterns of drinking score, 2% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 69.4 24.3 49.2 4.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18.9.3 32.7 2.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.8 3.9 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.4 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / /, /, / / 4

Guyana Total population: 786 aged years and older (+): 62% in urban areas: 29% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income <1% 23% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 77% Recorded 7.3 7.1 Unrecorded 2. 1. Total 9.3 8.1 Total males / females 11.7 4.7 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+).7.2 Females (+) 1.7 3.4 Both sexes (+) 6.1.2 Males (+) 16.7 Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+) 13.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11. 28.8.3 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 29.8.8 4. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4..7 64. 3. Road traffic accidents, males / females 81.8 23.2 7.3 2.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6 3.9 Females 3.3 1.9 Both sexes.9 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / / 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Haiti Total population: 9 896 aged years and older (+): 64% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Low income <1% beer <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 99% Recorded 6.1.9 Unrecorded.6.6 Total 6.7 6.4 Total males / females.1 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+). 14.8 Females (+) 1.4 3.2 Both sexes (+).6. Males (+). Females (+) 6.7 Both sexes (+) 11.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14.1 33.8 24.2 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 32.4 6.2 44.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 24.7.2 3.6 46.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females. 11.7.4 1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.4 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.7 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 6

Honduras Total population: 7 621 aged years and older (+): 63% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 3.1 3. Unrecorded 1.4 1. Total 4. 4. Total males / females.7 2.3 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 8. 13.6 Females (+).2.6 Both sexes (+) 4.1 8.6 9% 4% Males (+) 9.7 Females (+) 6.4 Both sexes (+) 8.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 19.7 43. 31.8 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2..9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.9 64.1 2.6 Patterns of drinking score, 1% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 26.3 14.7 37. 49.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 38.9 14.8 22. 8.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8. 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes. 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.7 /.7 /.7 / / 7

Jamaica Total population: 2 741 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 3. 3.4 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total. 4.9 Total males / females 7.1 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 11.9 21. Females (+) 2.1.9 Both sexes (+) 6.9. 1% 2% 42% Males (+) 12. Females (+) 7.8 Both sexes (+).6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+). 44.1 32.4 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2. 21.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 43.3 64.6 4.2 Patterns of drinking score, % least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9.8 2.9 41. 43.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 23.3 7.7.2 1.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 6. 2. Females 1.8. Both sexes 4.1 1. WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 8 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Mexico Total population: 118 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 78% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 1% 22% 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 76% Recorded.1. Unrecorded 3.4 1.8 Total 8. 7.2 Total males / females 12.4 2.6 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 19.7 28. Females (+).3 11.4 Both sexes (+) 12.1 21.2 Males (+) 18. Females (+).7 Both sexes (+) 12.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 12.8 31.3 22.6 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 31.1 3.7 43.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.7 16.6 6. 1.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 26.7 6. 4.2 9. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.2 2.4 Females..3 Both sexes 2.7 1.3 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 (1984/11) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Subnational / /, /, / / / / / 9

Nicaragua Total population: 822 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 3.8 3. Unrecorded 1.6 1. Total.4. Total males / females 8.7 1. WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 24.8 4.9 Females (+) 2. 6.6 Both sexes (+) 13.4 27.2 61% 39% Males (+) 14.3 Females (+) 3.8 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 18.1 41. 29.8 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2..9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 39.3 61..7 Patterns of drinking score, <1% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 64.4 22.8 3.9 46.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.9 9. 1.7 8.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8. 3.9 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes. 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 16 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Panama Total population: 3 678 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 26% <1% 69% Recorded.8 7.2 Unrecorded 1..8 Total 6.8 8. Total males / females 11.2 4.7 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 11.2 16. Females (+).4.8 Both sexes (+).8 9.8 Males (+) 16. Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+) 13.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11.4 28.8. Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 29.7.8 4.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 13.7.4 63.1 8.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.2 6. 3.1 12.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.2 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.7 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. 161

Paraguay Total population: 6 46 aged years and older (+): 66% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 29% 18% 2% 1% Recorded 6.3 7.3 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 7.8 8.8 Total males / females 12.4.2 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 46.4 64.7 Females (+) 21.3 41. Both sexes (+) 33.9 4.8 Males (+) 17.3 Females (+) 9.9 Both sexes (+) 14.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+). 26. 17.9 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 28.3 48. 38.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 24.7 6.4 7.8 6. Road traffic accidents, males / females 8.6 12. 29.3 11.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.4 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.8 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 (11/ ) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / /,, / / / / 162

Peru Total population: 29 263 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 77% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 4.4 6.1 Unrecorded 4. 2. Total 8.4 8.1 Total males / females 12.4 3.8 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 23.6 3.3 Females (+) 3.6 8.1 Both sexes (+) 13. 24. 47% 47% Males (+) 18.6 Females (+) 8.6 Both sexes (+) 14.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14.8 3.3 2.1 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3.7 19. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 33.1 6. 44.6 Patterns of drinking score, 6% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.2 17.7 7. 61. Road traffic accidents, males / females 29.7 13. 21. 6. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 12.2 7.9 Females 3.3 1.9 Both sexes 7.7 4.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 163

Puerto Rico Total population: aged years and older (+): in urban areas: Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% 26% <1% 67% Recorded.4 4.9 Unrecorded.3. Total.7.4 Total males / females 7.2 3.4 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Abstainers (%), Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Lifetime abstainers (+) Former drinkers* (+) Abstainers (+), past 12 months Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males Females Both sexes WHO Region of the Americas / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 164

Saint Kitts and Nevis Total population: 2 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 32% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 8.8 t 7.7 t Unrecorded.. Total 9.3 8.2 Total males / females 11.8 4.7 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 33.3 61.6 Females (+).4 33.1 Both sexes (+) 21.6.9 48% 1% 44% Males (+) 21.9 Females (+). Both sexes (+) 19.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 22.8 48.2 3.7 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 46. 68. 7. Patterns of drinking score, 7% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8. 3.8 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes. 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 16

Saint Lucia Total population: 177 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 28% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 6% 1% 3% 13% Recorded 11. t.1 t Unrecorded..2 Total 12..4 Total males / females.1.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 8.6 13.7 Females (+) 1.2 2.9 Both sexes (+) 4.8 9.2 Males (+) 24. Females (+) 14. Both sexes (+) 19.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).9 37.3 26.9 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 37.1 8. 47.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 7.9 3.8 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.4 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 166 / / / 16 / 16 / 16, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Total population: 9 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 49% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 63% 1% 33% 3% Recorded. t 6.3 Unrecorded..3 Total. 6.6 Total males / females 9.2 3.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 9.9 14.6 Females (+) 1.3 3.1 Both sexes (+).7.2 Males (+) 13.6 Females (+) 8.9 Both sexes (+) 11.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 13.9 33.9 23.8 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 32.2 6.3 44.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.2 3.8 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.7 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / 16/16/16 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / 167

Suriname Total population: 2 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 69% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded..6 Unrecorded.9 1. Total.9 6.6 Total males / females 9.4 3.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 8. 13.6 Females (+) 1.2 2.9 Both sexes (+) 4.8 9.3 7% 1% 4% Males (+).1 Females (+) 9.3 Both sexes (+) 12.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 16.2 37.9 27.1 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 37.4 8.6 48.1 Patterns of drinking score, 2% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 21.8 6. 2.4.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37.7 7.9. 2.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.2 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.7 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 168 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.

Trinidad and Tobago Total population: 1 328 aged years and older (+): 79% in urban areas: 14% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.8 6.4 Unrecorded..3 Total 6.3 6.7 Total males / females 9.7 3.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 31.3.4 Females (+) 9.9 24.4 Both sexes (+).4 39.9 44% <1% 4% Males (+).6 Females (+) 9.6 Both sexes (+) 13.2 Abstainers (%), 2% Lifetime abstainers (+) 16.7 38.9 28. Former drinkers* (+) 21.2.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 37.9 9.6 48.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 17.3.1 8.9 4. Road traffic accidents, males / females 28.8 13.6 12.6 4.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.1 3.8 Females 3.1 1.8 Both sexes.6 2.8 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 169

United States of America Total population: 312 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 82% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 33% 17% % Recorded 8. 8.7 Unrecorded 1.. Total 9. 9.2 Total males / females 13.6 4.9 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 23.2 3.9 Females (+).9 17.3 Both sexes (+) 16.9 24. Males (+) 18.1 Females (+) 7.8 Both sexes (+) 13.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6.2 17.4 12. Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 24.8 37. 31.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.9 7.1 6.6 62.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18.6 7. 12.4 4.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.7 6.9 Females 4.2 2.6 Both sexes 7.4 4.7 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 (11/12) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 / Subnational /.4 / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21 Subnational Subnational / 17

Uruguay Total population: 3 372 aged years and older (+): 77% in urban areas: 92% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 9% 31% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 6% Recorded 6.1 6.6 Unrecorded 2. 1. Total 8.1 7.6 Total males / females 11.3 4.2 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 14.7.9 Females (+) 4.7 9.8 Both sexes (+) 9.4 16.1 Males (+) 16.1 Females (+) 8.7 Both sexes (+) 12.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11.6 29.6 21.1 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 29.9 1.7 41.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 13. 2.4 4.1 6.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 39.4 9.4 7.6 2.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.9 3.8 Females 2.9 1.7 Both sexes.3 2.7 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /. 171

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Total population: 29 43 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 93% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 1% 23% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 76% Recorded 7.3 7.7 Unrecorded 1.4 1.3 Total 8.7 8.9 Total males / females 12.7.2 WHO Region of the Americas 9.2 8.4 Males (+) 38.1 4.6 Females (+). 21.8 Both sexes (+) 24.3 41.1 Males (+) 18.1 Females (+).7 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11.8 29.6.7 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3.1 1.6 4.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 26.8 3.7 61.7 8.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 8.9 16.6 66.9 27.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.3 3.9 Females 3.2 1.8 Both sexes.7 2.9 WHO Region of the Americas 6. 3.4 172 (1966/) / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / / /

Afghanistan Total population: 28 398 aged years and older (+): 1% in urban areas: 23% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded..7 Total..7 Total males / females 1.2.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+).1 2.7 Females (+) <.1.3 Both sexes (+).1 1.9 Males (+) 2.3 Females (+) 6. Both sexes (+) 18.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9. 9. 92. Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 3.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 9.1 97.6 96.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 26.4 19. 22.9 17. Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.6 14. 1.4.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.6.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban 173

Bahrain Total population: 1 22 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 89% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% <1% 37% 6% Recorded 3.9 2. t Unrecorded.1.1 Total 4. 2.1 Total males / females 2.7 1. Males (+) 23.6 Females (+) 13.9 Both sexes (+) 21.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Abstainers (%), Males (+).1.8 Females (+) <.1.4 Both sexes (+).1.7 Lifetime abstainers (+) 83.6 89.4 8.6 Former drinkers* (+).2 3. 4.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 88.8 92.9 9.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9.4.2 13..6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 29. 7.8.7.2 Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.8.4 Females.3.1 Both sexes 1.2.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 174

Djibouti Total population: 834 aged years and older (+): 66% in urban areas: 76% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 72% 23% % Recorded 1.4 1.1 Unrecorded..2 Total 1.9 1.3 Total males / females 2.4.3 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) 28. Females (+) 8.9 Both sexes (+) 23.2 Abstainers (%), Males (+).2 2.1 Females (+). <.1 Both sexes (+).1 1. Lifetime abstainers (+) 81.6 87.4 84. Former drinkers* (+). 9.4 9.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 91.6 96.8 94.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.1 26.6 34. 37. Road traffic accidents, males / females 37.6 19.4 3.6.4 Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.1.3 Females.2.1 Both sexes.7.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 17

Egypt Total population: 78 76 aged years and older (+): 68% in urban areas: 43% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.2.2 Unrecorded.1.2 Total.3.4 Total males / females.7. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+).1.6 Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) <.1. Males (+) 8.6 Females (+).9 Both sexes (+) 6. Abstainers (%), % 4% 1% 4% Lifetime abstainers (+) 86.2 93.1 89.7 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 3.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 91.4 9.7 93. Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 122.3 67.8 4.3 8.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 31.6 8..1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.4.2 Females <.1 <.1 Both sexes.2.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 (2/8) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / 18 / 21 / 21 18 / 21 / 21, /, / / / / 176

Iran (Islamic Republic of) Total population: 74 462 aged years and older (+): 76% in urban areas: 71% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 1. 1. Total males / females 1.7.3 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) <.1. Females (+)..1 Both sexes (+) <.1.4 Males (+) 26.9 Females (+) 17.8 Both sexes (+) 24.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9.8 9.7 93.2 Former drinkers* (+) 2.9 2.4 2.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 93.7 98.1 9.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8.7.6 12.3 9.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 8.7 24.1 3.4. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males..3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban 177

Iraq Total population: 3 962 aged years and older (+): 9% in urban areas: 66% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 1% 23% 76% Recorded.2.2 Unrecorded.2.3 Total.4. Total males / females.9.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) <.1. Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) <.1.4 Males (+) 12.7 Females (+) 2.1 Both sexes (+) 9.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 87.7 93.9 9.8 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 3.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 92.8 96.4 94.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.2 6.2 7.8 8. Road traffic accidents, males / females 8. 29.7.3. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.6.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 178 / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Jordan Total population: 6 4 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 79% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% <1% 23% 2% Recorded.. Unrecorded.3.2 Total.8.7 Total males / females 1.2.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) <.1. Females (+)..1 Both sexes (+) <.1.4 Males (+) 16. Females (+).9 Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 91.4 94.3 92.8 Former drinkers* (+) 1. 3.4 2.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 92.9 97.8 9.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.1 11.2 7.9 13.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 46.9 17.8..1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.6.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.4.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 179

Kuwait Total population: 2 992 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 98% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 11% 31% <1% 8% Recorded.. Unrecorded.1.1 Total.1.1 Total males / females.2. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) 1. Females (+). Both sexes (+) 1.3 Abstainers (%), Males (+).6 4.7 Females (+).1 1.7 Both sexes (+).4 4.3 Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.4 8.8 79.3 Former drinkers* (+) 11.1.8 11. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 86.6 96.6 9.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.7 4.1 3.6 24. Road traffic accidents, males / females 29.8 4.8.2. Alcohol use disorders** Males..3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.4.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 18

Lebanon Total population: 4 341 aged years and older (+): 76% in urban areas: 87% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 <1% 18% 3% 29% Recorded 1.8 1.9 Unrecorded.. Total 2.3 2.4 Total males / females 3.9.8 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) 3.9 Females (+) 11.1 Both sexes (+) 23.9 Abstainers (%), Males (+).1.9 Females (+) <.1.4 Both sexes (+).1.7 Lifetime abstainers (+) 72.8 8.2 78.8 Former drinkers* (+) 14. 7.4 11. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 87.3 92.6 89.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8.2 3.6 17.3 19.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 31.2 13.4 8.3 2.4 Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.4.6 Females.1 <.1 Both sexes.8.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 181

Libya Total population: 6 41 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 78% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded.1.1 Total.1.1 Total males / females.1. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) 1.4 44.8 Females (+). 28.7 Both sexes (+).9 39.4 Males (+) 3.2 Females (+) 1.2 Both sexes (+) 2. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 93.9 97. 9.4 Former drinkers* (+) 3. 1.4 2.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 96.9 98.4 97.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14. 9.2 1.2 4.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 76.2 26.6..1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males..3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 182 / Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance Total ban Total ban Total ban

Morocco Total population: 31 642 aged years and older (+): 72% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 36% 44% Recorded.. Unrecorded 1.. Total 1..9 Total males / females 1.9. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) 22.1 Females (+) 3.2 Both sexes (+) 17.1 Abstainers (%), Males (+) <.1.6 Females (+)..2 Both sexes (+) <.1. Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.8 92. 86.6 Former drinkers* (+) 11..2 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 91.7 97.2 94.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.6 23..2.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 34.6 13.4 1.4.1 Alcohol use disorders** Males.7.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.4.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 183

Oman Total population: 2 83 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 73% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.7.7 Unrecorded.3.2 Total 1..9 Total males / females 1.2.4 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) <.1.6 Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) <.1. Males (+) 16. Females (+) 11.7 Both sexes (+). Abstainers (%), 42% 3% % Lifetime abstainers (+) 87.3 94. 89.9 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 4.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 92. 96.6 94.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 29.3.3 9..6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 61.6 17.2.6.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males..3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.4.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 184 (2/ ) / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / /

Pakistan Total population: 173 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 36% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded.1. Total.1.1 Total males / females.1. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+).2 2.9 Females (+) <.1.3 Both sexes (+).1 2.1 Males (+) 1.8 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 1.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 89.6 94.8 92.1 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 3.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 94.7 97.3 96. Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 37.4 33. 2.4 14.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4.8 8.6.1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males..3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 (1973/ ) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / / / 18

Qatar Total population: 1 7 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 96% Income group (World Bank): High income <1% 1% beer 14% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 8% Recorded.8.9 t Unrecorded.4.6 Total 1.2 1. Total males / females 1.8.4 Males (+) 24.1 Females (+) 11.1 Both sexes (+) 22.7 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Abstainers (%), Males (+) <.1. Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) <.1. Lifetime abstainers (+) 87.3 94. 88.7 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 4.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 92. 96.6 93.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9.7 8.9 24.6 13.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 22.9 8.9.4 1.4 Alcohol use disorders** Males.3.2 Females.1 <.1 Both sexes.3.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / / 186

Saudi Arabia Total population: 27 28 aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 82% Income group (World Bank): High income <1% <1% beer 2% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 98% Recorded.1.1 Unrecorded.2.1 Total.3.2 Total males / females.3.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) <.1. Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) <.1.4 Males (+) 4.3 Females (+) 2.7 Both sexes (+) 3.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 87.3 94. 9.1 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 4.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 92. 96.6 94.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 13.4 7.6 2.8 8.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females.9.2.. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.4.4 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 ( / ) / Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance Total ban Total ban Total ban 187

Somalia Total population: 9 636 aged years and older (+): 2% in urban areas: 37% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded.. Total.. Total males / females.9.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+).2 2.1 Females (+). <.1 Both sexes (+).1 1.6 Males (+).7 Females (+) 4.2 Both sexes (+) 9.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9. 9. 92. Former drinkers* (+) 1. 2.6 2. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 91. 97. 94.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 31.3 18.6 12.8 18.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 36.9 14.2.3. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.6.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 188 / Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / Total ban Total ban Total ban

Sudan Total population: 3 62 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 4% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 8% beer <1% 13% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 79% Recorded 1.6 1.7 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 2.6 2.7 Total males / females 4.8.6 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+). 3. Females (+) <.1.1 Both sexes (+).3 2.3 Males (+) 33. Females (+) 7.1 Both sexes (+) 24.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 69.2 82.6 7.9 Former drinkers* (+) 16. 9.6 13. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8.7 92.2 88.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 41.1 27. Road traffic accidents, males / females 3. 22.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.7.3 Females.3.1 Both sexes 1..2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban 189

Syrian Arab Republic Total population: 21 33 aged years and older (+): 64% in urban areas: 6% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 64% 8% beer 28% Recorded 1.2 1. Unrecorded.3.3 Total 1.4 1.2 Total males / females 2.3.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+).1.8 Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+) <.1.6 Males (+) 21. Females (+) 2.9 Both sexes (+) 16.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 78.3 88.3 83.2 Former drinkers* (+) 11.1 7.4 9.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 89.4 9.7 92. Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 7. 3.9 14.2.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 49. 8.8 1..1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.8.3 Females.1 <.1 Both sexes..2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 19 / / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. Total ban /

Tunisia Total population: 632 aged years and older (+): 77% in urban areas: 67% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 4% 28% 68% Recorded 1.2 1.3 Unrecorded.2.2 Total 1.4 1. Total males / females 3.. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+).1.6 Females (+)..2 Both sexes (+) <.1. Males (+) 3.1 Females (+) 1. Both sexes (+) 26.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 91.9 86.3 Former drinkers* (+) 11..2 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 91.4 97.1 94.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.4 8.2. 14.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37.3. 12..1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.9.3 Females.2.1 Both sexes..2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. Total ban Total ban / 191

United Arab Emirates Total population: 8 442 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 84% Income group (World Bank): High income <1% % beer 3% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 87% Recorded 1.9 2.8 t Unrecorded.6 1. Total 2. 4.3 Total males / females..8 Males (+) 34.4 Females (+) 17.8 Both sexes (+) 32.8 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Abstainers (%), Males (+).2 1.2 Females (+) <.1.2 Both sexes (+).2 1.1 Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.8 94.4 84.4 Former drinkers* (+) 3.2 1. 2.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 84. 9.4 87. Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 16.6 12.4 41.1 14.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18.2 7.3 31.7 3.7 Alcohol use disorders** Males.7.3 Females.1.1 Both sexes..3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 / / / / / / / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 192

Yemen Total population: 22 763 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 32% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % Recorded.1.1 Unrecorded.2.2 Total.3.3 Total males / females.4.1 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region total.7.7 Males (+) <.1.4 Females (+)..2 Both sexes (+) <.1.3 Males (+) 8.3 Females (+) 1.9 Both sexes (+) 6.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 89. 94.7 92.1 Former drinkers* (+).2 2.6 3.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 94.6 97.2 9.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 31.7 23.2 3.7.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 9.2 17.4.1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males..3 Females.1.1 Both sexes.3.2 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.3.2 Total ban when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban 193

Albania Total population: 3 aged years and older (+): 77% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 48% % 32% Recorded 4. 4.9 t Unrecorded 2.1 2.1 Total 6.6 7. Total males / females.6 3.4 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 11.3 18.4 Females (+) 1.6 3.3 Both sexes (+) 6.4 11.9 Males (+) 17.4 Females (+) 7.3 Both sexes (+) 13. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 17. 31.2 24.4 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2 22.4 21.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 38.7 3.6 46.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6.6 8.9 61.6 2.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 21.6 8.. 3.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. (2/11) / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / 19

Andorra Total population: 78 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 88% Income group (World Bank): High income % 3% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 4% Recorded 18. t 12.4 t Unrecorded 1.4 1.4 Total 19.4 13.8 Total males / females 19. 8.2 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 6.9 9.4 Females (+).9 1.3 Both sexes (+) 3.8.6 Males (+) 26.6 Females (+) 13. Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 17.1 12.6 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.6 36.7 31.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.6.6 Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. 196 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.2

Armenia Total population: 2 963 aged years and older (+): 79% in urban areas: 64% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income % % 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 8% Recorded 3.6 3.8 Unrecorded 1.3 1. Total 4.9.3 Total males / females 8. 2.6 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 37.9 4.1 Females (+) 2.3.3 Both sexes (+).1 31.4 Males (+) 9.6 Females (+).8 Both sexes (+) 8.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 38. 23. Former drinkers* (+) 8. 18. 13. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 16. 6. 36. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 46. 17. 39.7 1. Road traffic accidents, males / females 36.9 6.1 24.4 7. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.3 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.4 /.4 /.4 / 197

Austria Total population: 8 42 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 68% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 36% 14% % Recorded.3 t 9.7 t Unrecorded.6.6 Total.9.3 Total males / females.4 6.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 3. 6.4 Females (+) 28.9 39. Both sexes (+) 4. 2.4 Males (+) 19. Females (+) 8. Both sexes (+) 13.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14. 22. 18.1 Former drinkers* (+). 4. 4. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 19. 26. 22.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 22.2 6.9 61.4 61. Road traffic accidents, males / females.6 3. 18.8 7. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 14.1 7. Females 4.7 2. Both sexes 9.2 4.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. 198 / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.1 /.1 /

Azerbaijan Total population: 9 9 aged years and older (+): 77% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 29% 63% 8% Recorded.8 1.3 Unrecorded 3.3 1. Total 4.1 2.3 Total males / females 3.6 1.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+).2 34.2 Females (+) 1.3 4.2 Both sexes (+).4 23.7 Males (+) 6.1 Females (+) 3.6 Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 2.1 1.4 38.7 Former drinkers* (+).8 18.7 17.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.9 7.1 6. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 37.4 27.4 22.4 4.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 24. 6.9 14.4 4.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.7. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /,, / / 199

Belarus Total population: 9 491 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 31% 17% % 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 47% Recorded 11.2 14.4 Unrecorded 3.9 3.2 Total.1 17. Total males / females 27. 9.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 47.8 3.7 Females (+) 7.. Both sexes (+) 2.9 32.7 Males (+) 3.9 Females (+) 12.8 Both sexes (+) 22.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6. 18. 12.8 Former drinkers* (+) 4. 11. 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 11. 29..8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 43.8 2. 1. 72.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 2.9 6. 3. 49.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 29.8 19.6 Females. 3.8 Both sexes 16.6 11. WHO European Region 7. 4. (/11)/ / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 / / /

Belgium Total population: 941 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 97% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 <1% % 36% 49% Recorded 11.. Unrecorded 1.. Total 12. 11. Total males / females. 6.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 47.7 6. Females (+) 21.7 27. Both sexes (+) 34.3 41.7 Males (+) 17.8 Females (+) 7.8 Both sexes (+) 12.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.8 8.6 6.2 Former drinkers* (+) 11.8 11. 11.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.6 19.6 17.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.2 6.1 69. 7.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females.1 3.7 19. 7.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.8 4.7 Females 3. 1.6 Both sexes.8 3.1 WHO European Region 7. 4. (8/ ) / / / 16 / 16 / 18 16 / 16 / 18,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. 1

Bosnia and Herzegovina Total population: 3 846 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 49% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 17% % 73% Recorded 4.6 4.6 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 7.1 7.1 Total males / females 13.1 1.4 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 11.7 17. Females (+) 1. 2.3 Both sexes (+) 6.2.8 Males (+) 19.1 Females (+) 3. Both sexes (+) 12.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 12.8 31.3 22.4 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 31.1 3.7 42.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 24. 9.1 67. 4.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 19.9 11.8 12. 1.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. 2 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /. /. /

Bulgaria Total population: 7 389 aged years and older (+): 87% in urban areas: 71% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 44% <1% 17% 39% Recorded.4.3 Unrecorded 1.2 1.1 Total 11.6 11.4 Total males / females 17.9.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 27. 36.6 Females (+) 12.7.6 Both sexes (+) 19.6 29.1 Males (+) 24.3 Females (+) 8.7 Both sexes (+) 16.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.7 21. 14.6 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.3 38.4 32.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 29.4 7.4 74.8 9.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18..7 2.7 7.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 12. 6.4 Females 2.3 1.2 Both sexes 7. 3.7 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 3

Croatia Total population: 4 338 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): High income % <1% 4% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 4% Recorded 11..2 t Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 14. 12.2 Total males / females 17.7 7.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+). 22.4 Females (+) 2. 2.8 Both sexes (+).8 13.4 Males (+) 19.3 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 4. 11.8 8.1 Former drinkers* (+) 4.2 17.9 11.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8.2 29.7 19. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 37.7 8.1 76.1 64. Road traffic accidents, males / females.6 4.2.3 7.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6.6 Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.1 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. 4 (/ ) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Cyprus Total population: 1 4 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): High income 34% <1% 41% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 24% Recorded 7.7 t 8.2 t Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 8.7 9.2 Total males / females 12..7 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 42. 4.4 Females (+) 9.4 12.1 Both sexes (+) 26. 3. Males (+) 13. Females (+) 7.4 Both sexes (+).8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.3 9.7 6.4 Former drinkers* (+) 4.2 13. 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7. 22.7. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8. 3.3 7.9 64.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 21. 3.2.8 7. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.8 4.7 Females 2.6 1.4 Both sexes.8 3.1 WHO European Region 7. 4. (4/8) / / / 17 / 17 / 17 17 / 17 / 17, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. /

Czech Republic Total population: 4 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 74% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 26% % 4% Recorded 11.8 11.8 Unrecorded 1. 1.2 Total 13.3 13. Total males / females 18.6 7.8 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 3. 8.4 Females (+) 24.9 28.8 Both sexes (+) 38.9 43.6 Males (+).2 Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+) 14.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 2. 2.6 2.6 Former drinkers* (+).8.8 8.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8.3 13.4.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 23.7 9.4 77.7 72.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 12.9 4. 36.3. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8. 4. Females 1.3.7 Both sexes 4.8 2.6 WHO European Region 7. 4. (2/) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /, /, / / / / 6

Denmark Total population: 1 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: 87% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 14% 48% 38% Recorded 11.4.4 Unrecorded 2. 1. Total 13.4 11.4 Total males / females 16.1 6.9 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 37.8 41. Females (+) 19. 22.9 Both sexes (+) 28. 32.2 Males (+) 17. Females (+) 8.1 Both sexes (+) 12.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 1.9 7. 4. Former drinkers* (+).8 8. 6.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7.7. 11.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.2 8.9 66.1 69.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 7. 2.6 6.4 2. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.1 4.3 Females 3. 1.6 Both sexes. 2.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / / 16 / 16 / 18, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / 7

Estonia Total population: 1 299 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 69% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 11.8 t 9. t Unrecorded 1.8.8 Total 13.6.3 Total males / females 16.2.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 4.1 6.8 Females (+) 9.3.4 Both sexes (+) 23.3 3.8 37% 11% 11% 41% Males (+) 22.9 Females (+) 8.7 Both sexes (+).7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 11. 22. 17. Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 17.4 17.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 29.3 39.4 34.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 21.8.9 39.6 71.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females.7 2.1 44.9 44.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 18.6 9.9 Females 3.2 1.7 Both sexes.2.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. 8 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / /

Finland Total population: 368 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 24% 13% 17% 46% Recorded 9.7. Unrecorded 2.8 2.3 Total 12. 12.3 Total males / females 17. 7.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 1.8 69.8 Females (+) 22. 3.4 Both sexes (+) 36. 3.7 Males (+) 23.6 Females (+) 11.8 Both sexes (+) 18.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.2.4 14. Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 2.9 37.8 32. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 28.. 73. 72.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 8.7 2.6 22.4 8.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 11. 6.1 Females 2.8 1. Both sexes 7. 3.7 WHO European Region 7. 4. (3/11) / / / 18 / 18 /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 9

France Total population: 63 231 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): High income 3 2 23% 2% 19% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 6% Recorded 13. 11.8 Unrecorded.4.4 Total 13.4 12.2 Total males / females 17.8 7.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 42.2 43.7 Females (+) 17.7 19. Both sexes (+) 29.4 31. Males (+) 18.4 Females (+) 7.7 Both sexes (+) 12.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).9 3. 2. Former drinkers* (+) 2.6 3.7 3.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3. 6.7.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 16.4.2 73.1 71.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 11.9 2.7 18.9 7.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.8 4.7 Females 2. 1.3 Both sexes. 2.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. 2 (8/ ) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. (.2 public transport) / / /

Georgia Total population: 4 389 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 33% <1% 17% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % Recorded 3.1.4 Unrecorded 2. 2.3 Total.6 7.7 Total males / females 12.6 3.4 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 18.9 33.7 Females (+).6 3.3 Both sexes (+) 9. 2. Males (+) 22.4 Females (+) 18.1 Both sexes (+) 21.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 28. 71. 1.3 Former drinkers* (+).8.1 12.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 43.8 81.1 63.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 33.8 9.4 64.8 3.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 29.4.4 19. 4.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7. 4.3 Females.8.2 Both sexes 3.9 2.1 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / 211

Germany Total population: 83 17 aged years and older (+): 87% in urban areas: 74% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 18% 28% 4% Recorded 11.8 11.3 Unrecorded 1.. Total 12.8 11.8 Total males / females 16.8 7. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 19.4 23.6 Females (+).9 7.6 Both sexes (+) 12..6 Males (+).4 Females (+) 8.9 Both sexes (+) 14.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 4.3 6.6. Former drinkers* (+) 13. 14.9 14.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 17.8 21. 19.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 18.8 7.8 7.3 7.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 7.8 2.3 12.4 4.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.8 4.7 Females 2.1 1.1 Both sexes.4 2.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. 212 (3/12) / / / 16 / 16 / 18 16 / 16 / 18,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Greece Total population: 11 1 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): High income 24% <1% 28% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 47% Recorded 9. 8.3 Unrecorded 1.8 2. Total.8.3 Total males / females 14.6 6.2 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 47.6 66.4 Females (+) 22.8 37. Both sexes (+) 34.9 2.8 Males (+).4 Females (+).1 Both sexes (+).6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9.7 19. 14.7 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 28.3 39.1 33.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.6.4 64.1 63.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 2.9.6 18.4 7.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 7.9 4.2 Females 2. 1.3 Both sexes.1 2.7 WHO European Region 7. 4. (6/8) / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.2 /.2 213

Hungary Total population: aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 68% Income group (World Bank): High income 34% 36% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 3% Recorded 13.1 11.3 Unrecorded 4. 2. Total 17.1 13.3 Total males / females.4 7.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 44. 2.1 Females (+).3 13.2 Both sexes (+) 26.3 32.3 Males (+) 23.8 Females (+) 9.1 Both sexes (+) 16.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.6 9.4 6.7 Former drinkers* (+) 11. 12.8 12. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 14.6 22.2 18.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 7. 16.8 76.9 66.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 12.7 3.6 32.8 11.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 31. 16. Females 6. 3.2 Both sexes 17.7 9.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /, /, / / / 214

Iceland Total population: 318 aged years and older (+): 79% in urban areas: 93% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 21% 17% <1% 62% Recorded 6. t 6.6 t Unrecorded.4. Total 6.4 7.1 Total males / females 9.8 4.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 32.9 44.6 Females (+) 14.4 23.3 Both sexes (+) 23.7 34.9 Males (+) 13.3 Females (+) 7. Both sexes (+).4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7..6 14.1 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.2 38.1 32.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.3.8 46.2 64.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 7.9 2.3 12.3. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.6 3. Females 1.7.9 Both sexes 3.7 2. WHO European Region 7. 4. (11/ ) / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 2

Ireland Total population: 4 468 aged years and older (+): 79% in urban areas: 62% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 8% 18% 26% 48% Recorded 13.4 11.4 t Unrecorded 1.. Total 14.4 11.9 Total males / females 16.8 7.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 3. 62.4 Females (+) 2. 33.1 Both sexes (+) 39. 48.2 Males (+) 19.8 Females (+) 9.3 Both sexes (+) 14.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.7 9. 6.7 Former drinkers* (+) 11.3 13. 12.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months. 23. 19.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 12. 7.8 66.7 68.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 7.4 2.7 19.8 8.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males.9.8 Females 3.4 1.8 Both sexes 7.1 3.8 WHO European Region 7. 4. 216 (1996/12) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.2 /.2 / /

Israel Total population: 7 4 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 92% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 2.3 2. Unrecorded..3 Total 2.8 2.8 Total males / females 4. 1.7 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 12.4 18.9 Females (+) 3.2 8.3 Both sexes (+) 7.7 14.8 % <1% 44% Males (+) 6.9 Females (+) 2.9 Both sexes (+).4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3. 2. 41.3 Former drinkers* (+) 4.3 9.1 6.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 34.3 61.1 48.1 Patterns of drinking score, 6% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.3 3.1 28.2 42.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 8. 2.1 4.8 1.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8..4 Females 1.9 1.3 Both sexes.1 3.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. (9/12) / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.1 /.1 / / / 217

Italy Total population: 6 9 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 68% Income group (World Bank): High income 11% 23% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 66% Recorded 8.1 6. Unrecorded 2.4.2 Total. 6.7 Total males / females 9.7 3.9 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 8. 9.8 Females (+).7 1.3 Both sexes (+) 4.2 6.2 Males (+) 11.9 Females (+) 7.2 Both sexes (+) 9.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 13. 37. 2.7 Former drinkers* (+).6 7.7 6.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 18.6 4.2 32.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.9 4.7 42.8 1. Road traffic accidents, males / females 13. 2.8 3.9 1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.3.7 Females.8.4 Both sexes 1.. WHO European Region 7. 4. 218 (1/) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Kazakhstan Total population: 921 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 9% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 6% <1% 32% 3% Recorded 6.4 6.8 Unrecorded 4.9 3. Total 11.3.3 Total males / females.7. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+). 3.4 Females (+) 1.4 4.7 Both sexes (+) 7.8 19.9 Males (+) 31.8 Females (+) 18. Both sexes (+) 26.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 34. 61. 48.3 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.6 69.4 6.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 82.6 43.9 7.8 6.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37.6 12.2 24.2 8.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.9. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. (1997/ ) / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / 219

Kyrgyzstan Total population: 334 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 73% <1% 23% 4% Recorded 3.2 2.4 Unrecorded 1.9 1.9 Total.1 4.3 Total males / females 6.7 2. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 14.6 29.6 Females (+) 1.2 4.3 Both sexes (+) 7.7.2 Males (+) 13.6 Females (+) 7.4 Both sexes (+) 11.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 34. 64. 49.4 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.6 72.4 61.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 99.3 44.2 47.3 4.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 43. 13.2 11.9 3.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6.3 Females 1.9 1.3 Both sexes.2 3.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. 2 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Latvia Total population: 2 91 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 68% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 37% % 11% 47% Recorded 9.. Unrecorded 3. 1.8 Total 12. 12.3 Total males / females 19.7 6.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 3.3 4.9 Females (+) 13.2 21.2 Both sexes (+).9 3.9 Males (+) 26. Females (+).1 Both sexes (+) 18.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.2.2 14.3 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 2.8 37.6 32.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 29.1 11.1 43.8 72.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 14.2 4.6 46.9 42.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 14.3 7.6 Females 2. 1.3 Both sexes 7.7 4.1 WHO European Region 7. 4. (/12) / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.2 /. / / / 221

Lithuania Total population: 3 68 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 67% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 11.9 12.9 Unrecorded 3. 2. Total 14.9.4 Total males / females 24.4 7.9 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+).6 69. Females (+) 2. 42.7 Both sexes (+) 36.6 6.1 34% 12% 8% 46% Males (+) 33.3 Females (+) 13. Both sexes (+) 23.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 24. 16.8 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.6 41.4 34.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3.9 19.7.6 74.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18.4 3.9 49.7 46.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 16.7 8.9 Females 3. 1.6 Both sexes 9.2 4.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. 222 (199/11) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.4 /.2 /.2 / / /

Luxembourg Total population: 8 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): High income 21% 36% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 43% Recorded 12.3 11.4 Unrecorded 1.. Total 13.3 11.9 Total males / females 16.8 7.2 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 36.9 38.8 Females (+) 11.4 12.3 Both sexes (+) 24. 2.6 Males (+) 17.6 Females (+) 7.7 Both sexes (+) 12.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).8 2. 1.7 Former drinkers* (+) 4.2 4.6 4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months. 7.1 6.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 12.3 6. 71. 71. Road traffic accidents, males / females 9. 3.3 16.8 7.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.8 4.7 Females 2.3 1.2 Both sexes. 2.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.2 /.2 223

Malta Total population: 42 aged years and older (+): 84% in urban areas: 9% Income group (World Bank): High income 27% <1% 39% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 33% Recorded. t 6.6 t Unrecorded.4.4 Total.4 7. Total males / females 9.7 4.2 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 38. 3.6 Females (+).7 31.3 Both sexes (+) 26.8 44.2 Males (+) 13.7 Females (+) 8.4 Both sexes (+) 11. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).7 27.6 19.2 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22..2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 29. 49.7 39.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8.6 1.6 2.8 6.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 8.1 2.2 14..9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 4.7 2. Females 1.3.7 Both sexes 3. 1.6 WHO European Region 7. 4. 224 / / / 17 / 17 / 17 17 / 17 / 17, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / /

Monaco Total population: 37 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): High income information available 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 information available Recorded Unrecorded Total Total males / females WHO European Region Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) Former drinkers* (+) Abstainers (+), past 12 months Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males Females Both sexes WHO European Region / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.49 /.49 /.49 / /,, / / 22

Montenegro Total population: 6 aged years and older (+): 81% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 42% <1% 11% 47% Recorded 4.9 t Unrecorded 3.9 Total 8.7 Total males / females 13. 4.1 WHO European Region.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 13.2 18.3 Females (+) 1. 2.6 Both sexes (+) 7.2 11.1 Males (+) 18.7 Females (+) 7. Both sexes (+) 13.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9.1 24.1 16.8 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 27.8 41. 34.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males 8.6. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. 226 / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Netherlands Total population: 16 6 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 83% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 17% 36% 47% Recorded 9.6 9.4 Unrecorded.. Total.1 9.9 Total males / females 14. 6. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+). 11.3 Females (+) 1.3 1.6 Both sexes (+).9 6.6 Males (+).1 Females (+) 7.1 Both sexes (+) 11.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 2.4.2 3.8 Former drinkers* (+) 4.6 11.2 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7.1 16.4 11.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.7 2. 63.8 67.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 6.8 2.2 6.3 2.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.7.9 Females.8.4 Both sexes 1.2.7 WHO European Region 7. 4. (7/ ) / / / 16 / 16 / 18 16 / 16 / 18,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.2 /. / 227

rway Total population: 4 891 aged years and older (+): 81% in urban areas: 79% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 19% 3% 2% 44% Recorded 6.2 6.7 Unrecorded 1.6 1. Total 7.8 7.7 Total males / females.8 4.7 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 17.4 18.7 Females (+) 6. 8.3 Both sexes (+) 11.9 13.9 Males (+) 11.6 Females (+).9 Both sexes (+) 9. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 2.7 8.3. Former drinkers* (+) 4.2 13. 8.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 6.9 21.2 14.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.6 2.6 2.4 63.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females.8 1.6 7. 3.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 12. 7.4 Females 4.2 2.3 Both sexes 8.1 4.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. 228 (1998/12) / / / 18 / 18 / 18 / 18 /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / /

Poland Total population: 38 199 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 36% 9% % Recorded 9.3.9 Unrecorded 3.7 1.6 Total 13. 12. Total males / females 19.8.8 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+).1 16. Females (+).9 2.1 Both sexes (+).3.2 Males (+) 31. Females (+) 14. Both sexes (+) 24.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).8 37.8 27.3 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2.7 21. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 37.1 8. 48.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 28.8.4 76. 9. Road traffic accidents, males / females 22. 4.9 2.8 7.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 14. 7.7 Females 2.6 1.4 Both sexes 8.3 4.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. (1996/11) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / / / 229

Portugal Total population: 9 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 61% Income group (World Bank): High income 11% 3% 31% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % Recorded 12.3 11. Unrecorded 2.1 1.9 Total 14.4 12.9 Total males / females 18.7 7.6 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 3.1 43.6 Females (+) 11. 24.9 Both sexes (+).4 3.8 Males (+) 27.1 Females (+) 16.4 Both sexes (+) 22.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 12.6 31.7 22. Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3.9 4. 43. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females. 4.1 72.6 69.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 17.2 4.8 19.9 7.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.2 4.9 Females 2.6 1.4 Both sexes.8 3.1 WHO European Region 7. 4. 23 (/) / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Republic of Moldova Total population: 3 73 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 47% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 6% 3% % Recorded 3.8 t 6.3 Unrecorded.. Total 13.8 16.8 Total males / females 2.9 8.9 WHO European Region 11.9.9 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 49.4 67.6 Females (+) 17.1 28.4 Both sexes (+) 32.2 48.6 Males (+) 3.4 Females (+) 14.8 Both sexes (+) 2.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.2 22.3.7 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.9 39.7 33.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 98. 71.9 47.7 72.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 2.4 6.3 49.1 43.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.9. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.2 3.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. (7/12) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 / / / 231

Romania Total population: 21 861 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 21% 29% % Recorded 8.8.4 Unrecorded 4. 4. Total 12.8 14.4 Total males / females 22.6 6.8 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 13.8 18.7 Females (+) 1.7 2.7 Both sexes (+) 7. 11.1 Males (+) 3.7 Females (+).9 Both sexes (+) 21.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.6.7 14.3 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.2 38.1 32.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6. 29.8 77.8 6.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 18.9 4.7 27.4 7.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 3.8 2. Females 1.1.6 Both sexes 2.4 1.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. (/) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /, /, / / / / 232

Russian Federation Total population: 144 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 73% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 1% 38% 11% Recorded 11.4 11. Unrecorded 4.7 3.6 Total 16.1.1 Total males / females 23.9 7.8 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 29.8 39.8 Females (+).3 16.6 Both sexes (+) 19.1 28.2 Males (+) 32. Females (+) 12.6 Both sexes (+) 22.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6. 18. 13. Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 2.2 38. 32.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 48.7 26.1 48. 74.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 33.2 9.6 49.2 4.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 31. 16. Females 6.2 3.3 Both sexes 17.4 9.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. (9/ ) / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / 233

San Marino Total population: 31 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 94% Income group (World Bank): High income information available 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 information available Recorded Unrecorded Total Total males / females WHO European Region Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) Former drinkers* (+) Abstainers (+), past 12 months Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Males Females Both sexes WHO European Region 234 (6/11) / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /.

Serbia Total population: 9 647 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 6% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 2% 24% 1% Recorded 8.1 9.6 Unrecorded 1.1 2.9 Total 9.2 12.6 Total males / females 19.7.9 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 13.4 18.4 Females (+) 1.6 2.7 Both sexes (+) 7.3 11.1 Males (+) 27. Females (+) 9.9 Both sexes (+) 19. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.6 23. 16. Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 27.2 4. 34. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 16.3 3.8 77. 9. Road traffic accidents, males / females 16.8 3.6 23. 6. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.7. Females 1.9 1.3 Both sexes.2 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /. /. / / 23

Slovakia Total population: 433 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 46% 6% 3% 18% Recorded.7 11.4 Unrecorded 3. 1.7 Total 13.7 13. Total males / females. 6.1 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 41.3 7.9 Females (+) 16.8 27.7 Both sexes (+) 28.6 43.4 Males (+) 28.8 Females (+). Both sexes (+) 19.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).3 21.9 16.3 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 17.4 17.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 28.7 39.3 34.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 39.3 12. 78.2 67.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 14. 4.2 3.3 9.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 19.1.2 Females 2.1 1.1 Both sexes.3. WHO European Region 7. 4. (6/ ) / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / /, /, / / / / 236

Slovenia Total population: 2 4 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 47% 9% 44% Recorded 12.4.6 Unrecorded 3. 1. Total.4 11.6 Total males / females 16.3 7. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 13.1 18. Females (+) 1.6 2.6 Both sexes (+) 7.3.8 Males (+) 22.4 Females (+) 11.2 Both sexes (+) 17.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8.4.2 14.4 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 17.4 18. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 27.1 37.7 32.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 41.9 13.2 72.2 6.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 12.4 2.7. 6. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 19.7. Females 3.8 2. Both sexes 11.6 6.2 WHO European Region 7. 4. (/8) / / /, / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 237

Spain Total population: 46 182 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 77% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 28% % 2% % Recorded.9. Unrecorded 1.4 1.2 Total 12.3 11.2 Total males / females.9 6.7 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 19.7 26.8 Females (+) 7.3 11. Both sexes (+) 13.4 19.6 Males (+) 21.6 Females (+).6 Both sexes (+) 16.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 17.1 12.6 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26.6 36.7 31.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 14.2 3.9 6.2 63.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 7.6 1.8 17. 6.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 2.3 1.2 Females.4.2 Both sexes 1.3.7 WHO European Region 7. 4. 238 (198/9) / / / 16 / 16 / 16 16 / 16 / 16, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /.3 /.3 /

Sweden Total population: 9 382 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 47% 1% 37% Recorded 6.7 7.2 Unrecorded 3.6 2. Total.3 9.2 Total males / females 12.9. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 33.2 44.2 Females (+) 14. 23.2 Both sexes (+) 23.8 34. Males (+) 17.1 Females (+) 8.8 Both sexes (+) 13.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6.2 17.8 12.1 Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 24.9 37.3 31.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 7.2 3. 64.2 6.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 4. 1. 14.8.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 12.6 6.7 Females.3 2.8 Both sexes 8.9 4.7 WHO European Region 7. 4. (1/11) / / / 18 / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / / / 239

Switzerland Total population: 7 831 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 74% Income group (World Bank): High income 18% 1% 32% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 49% Recorded.6.2 Unrecorded.. Total 11.1.7 Total males / females.2 6.4 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 2.8 28. Females (+) 12. 14.1 Both sexes (+) 18.7 21.1 Males (+) 16. Females (+) 7. Both sexes (+) 12.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.8 7.6.7 Former drinkers* (+) 4.1 7.3.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7.9 14.9 11. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9.9 4. 67.4 69. Road traffic accidents, males / females 7.1 2. 12..3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 13. 7.2 Females 2.6 1.4 Both sexes 8. 4.2 WHO European Region 7. 4. 24 (8/ ) / / / 16 / 16 / 18 16 / 16 / 18, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Tajikistan Total population: 7 627 aged years and older (+): 64% in urban areas: 26% Income group (World Bank): Low income % 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 89% Recorded.4.3 Unrecorded 3. 2. Total 3.4 2.8 Total males / females 4.3 1.4 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 1.9 13.7 Females (+).1 1.2 Both sexes (+) 1..4 Males (+) 31.1 Females (+) 28.3 Both sexes (+) 3.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7. 9. 82. Former drinkers* (+) 11.1.2 8.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 86.1 9.2 9.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 39.4 4.1 44.7 48.9 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37. 9.2 4.7 1.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 1.3.7 Females.3.1 Both sexes.8.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. (12/ ) / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 / 241

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Total population: 2 2 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: 9% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 13% 4% 47% Recorded. 3.9 Unrecorded 2.9 2.8 Total 7.9 6.7 Total males / females.2 3.2 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 12. 17.4 Females (+) 1. 2.3 Both sexes (+) 6. 11.4 Males (+) 14.8 Females (+) 7.1 Both sexes (+) 11.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 13. 32.1 22.6 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 31.3 4.4 42.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 16.6 4.4 63.8 49.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 12.3 4.6 11.4 3.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6. Females 1.9 1.4 Both sexes.3 3.4 WHO European Region 7. 4. 242 (8/ ) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Turkey Total population: 72 138 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 9% 28% 63% Recorded 1.4 1.4 Unrecorded 2..6 Total 3.4 2. Total males / females 4.4. WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+).3 1.6 Females (+) <.1.3 Both sexes (+).2 1.3 Males (+) 19.7 Females (+) 8.2 Both sexes (+) 17.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6.9 92.4 79.6 Former drinkers* (+) 11.6 2. 6.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 77. 94.4 86.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 8. 4.2 22.3.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 23. 6. 4.2.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 4. 1.3 Females 1..4 Both sexes 2.7.8 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / /, /, / (beer), (, ) when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 243

Turkmenistan Total population: 42 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 8% 16% 26% Recorded 2.3 2.2 Unrecorded 2.3 2.2 Total 4.7 4.3 Total males / females 7.6 1.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 23.6 36.4 Females (+).4 2.6 Both sexes (+) 11.7 29.8 Males (+) 11.6 Females (+) 8.4 Both sexes (+) 11. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 21.9 7. 46.6 Former drinkers* (+) 13.1. 14.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3. 8. 6.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 94.9 66.9 47.9 49.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 36.9 7.4 16.9 2.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6.3 Females 1.9 1.3 Both sexes.2 3.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. 244 (/12) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / /

Ukraine Total population: 46 aged years and older (+): 86% in urban areas: 69% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 48% 3% 9% 4% Recorded 6.8 8.9 Unrecorded 7.. Total 14.3 13.9 Total males / females 22. 7.2 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 3.2 47.9 Females (+) 12.1 18.9 Both sexes (+) 22.6 33. Males (+) 3. Females (+) 11.2 Both sexes (+).3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.9 16.4 12. Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 26. 3.9 31.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6.7 23.7 47.3 74. Road traffic accidents, males / females 21..1 48.2 4.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 9.3 4.2 Females 1.1. Both sexes 4.9 2.2 WHO European Region 7. 4. / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 / / / 24

United Kingdom of Great Britain and rthern Ireland Total population: 62 66 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: 8% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 22% 7% 34% 37% Recorded 11..4 Unrecorded 1.7 1.2 Total 13.2 11.6 Total males / females 16. 6.9 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+) 3. 4.8 Females (+).9 2.8 Both sexes (+) 28. 33.4 Males (+) 18.9 Females (+) 8. Both sexes (+) 13.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 12. 18..1 Former drinkers* (+) 1. 1. 1. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 13. 19. 16.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 16. 8. 72.1 68.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females.9 1.8 16.6 6.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 16.3 8.7 Females 6. 3.2 Both sexes 11.1.9 WHO European Region 7. 4. 246 Subnational / / /,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Uzbekistan Total population: 27 769 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 36% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 18% 6% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 76% Recorded 1.9 2.4 Unrecorded 1.9 2.1 Total 3.8 4.6 Total males / females 7.9 1.3 WHO European Region 11.9.9 Males (+).4 33.9 Females (+).4 2.6 Both sexes (+).2 27. Males (+) 13.1 Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+) 12.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 2. 7. 47.8 Former drinkers* (+)... Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4. 8. 62.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 62.6 2.4 7.6 1.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 23.4 6.1 16.2 2.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Males 8.6.3 Females 1.9 1.3 Both sexes.2 3.3 WHO European Region 7. 4. (11/ ) / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance Total ban Total ban / 247

Bangladesh Total population: 1 aged years and older (+): 68% in urban areas: 28% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Almost zero consumption Recorded.. Unrecorded.2.2 Total.2.2 Total males / females.3. WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+).1 1.9 Females (+) <.1 1.1 Both sexes (+) <.1 1.8 Males (+) 9.2 Females (+).4 Both sexes (+) 9. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9.7 99.7 9.2 Former drinkers* (+).7.1 2.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 96. 99.8 98.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 29.1 24..9.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 2.4 7.3 1.9.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.3 1.2 Females.3.2 Both sexes.8.7 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / / /, /, / / Total ban Total ban 249

Bhutan Total population: 717 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % Recorded.8.4 Unrecorded.3.3 Total 1.1.7 Total males / females 1.2.1 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+) 1.2 8. Females (+) <.1. Both sexes (+).7 6.6 Males (+) 8. Females (+) 2.2 Both sexes (+) 6.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 7.3 88.4 78. Former drinkers* (+) 14. 7.4 11.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 84.7 9.8 89.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 34.4 28.3.2 32.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 19. 16.9 1..1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 2.7 1.3 Females..2 Both sexes 1.7.8 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 2 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /. /

Democratic People s Republic of Korea Total population: 24 1 aged years and older (+): 77% in urban areas: 6% Income group (World Bank): Low income % beer 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 9% Recorded 3.2 3.2 Unrecorded.. Total 3.7 3.7 Total males / females 7.4.4 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+) 24.1 Females (+) 3. Both sexes (+) 17.9 Abstainers (%), Males (+) 9.2 29.9 Females (+).1.4 Both sexes (+) 4. 21.1 Lifetime abstainers (+) 3.3 78.3 66.3 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 69.2 87.9 78.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 49.9 16.9 7. 4. Road traffic accidents, males / females 18. 7.7.9.6 Alcohol use disorders** Males.1 2.4 Females.9.4 Both sexes 2.9 1.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 21

India Total population: 1 2 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 7% beer <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 93% Recorded 1.6 2.2 Unrecorded 2. 2.2 Total 3.6 4.3 Total males / females 8.. WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+) 3.2 12.9 Females (+) <.1.7 Both sexes (+) 1.7 11. Males (+) 32.1 Females (+).6 Both sexes (+) 28.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 9.3 9. 74.2 Former drinkers* (+).9.2.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7.2 9.2 84.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 39. 19.6 62.9 33.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 41. 11.4 33.1 2.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 4. 3.8 Females.6.4 Both sexes 2.6 2.1 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 22 / / / Subnational Subnational, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 / / /

Indonesia Total population: 241 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 44% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 <1% % 8% Recorded.1.1 Unrecorded.. Total.6.6 Total males / females 1.1.1 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+) 4.9 42.8 Females (+).3 6.2 Both sexes (+) 2.6 31.9 Males (+) 9.4 Females (+) 1.7 Both sexes (+) 7.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 74.2 9. 82.1 Former drinkers* (+) 14..2 9.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 88.6 9.2 91.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 2.7 16.6 16. 3.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 34.4 13.6 3.6.2 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.3 1.3 Females.3.2 Both sexes.8.7 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Zero tolerance / / 21 / 21 / 21 /, /, / / / / 23

Maldives Total population: 326 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 4% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 41% 29% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 3% Recorded.4 t.7 t Unrecorded.. Total.9 1.2 Total males / females 2.3.1 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+).8 6. Females (+).1 1.3 Both sexes (+).4 4.9 Males (+) 16.6 Females (+) 3.6 Both sexes (+) 13.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 71. 88.7 8.1 Former drinkers* (+) 14. 7.4.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 86. 96.1 91. Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 7. 6. 28.8 36. Road traffic accidents, males / females 1.9 1.8 1.9.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 3.2 1. Females.7.3 Both sexes 1.9.9 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 24 / Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % Total ban Total ban Total ban /

Myanmar Total population: 1 931 aged years and older (+): 74% in urban areas: 34% Income group (World Bank): Low income 6% 12% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 82% Recorded.1.1 Unrecorded..6 Total.6.7 Total males / females 1.4. WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+).2 1. Females (+)..1 Both sexes (+).1 1.2 Males (+) 11.4 Females (+) 1.1 Both sexes (+) 8.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 76. 91.1 84.1 Former drinkers* (+) 11.1.2 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 87.6 96.2 92.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 87.7 14.9. 29.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 22.9 13.8.. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 2.7 1.3 Females..2 Both sexes 1..7 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 / / /, / / / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.7 /. /. / / 2

Nepal Total population: 26,846, aged years and older (+): 63% in urban areas: 19% Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded.2.2 Unrecorded 2.2 2. Total 2.4 2.2 Total males / females 4.4.2 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+).8 6.6 Females (+) <.1. Both sexes (+).4.1 1% 48% Males (+) 36.2 Females (+) 6.6 Both sexes (+) 28.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 76.8 91.2 84.4 Former drinkers* (+) 11.1.2 8. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 87.9 96.4 92.4 Patterns of drinking score, 1% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 32.2 22. 44.9 28.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 38.9 18.1..8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 2. 1.2 Females..2 Both sexes 1..7 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 26 / / /,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / /

Sri Lanka Total population: 79 aged years and older (+): 7% in urban areas: 14% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 2% 13% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 8% Recorded 1.8 2.2 Unrecorded.4 1. Total 2.2 3.7 Total males / females 7.3.3 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+).8 3.1 Females (+) <.1.3 Both sexes (+).4 2.3 Males (+) 26.7 Females (+) 2.9 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6.9 8. 69.1 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 72.8 9.1 81.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 37.3.3 7. 37.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 26.8 8..3.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.6 4.9 Females.6.6 Both sexes 3. 2.7 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 / / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / / 27

Thailand Total population: 66 42 aged years and older (+): 81% in urban areas: 34% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 73% 27% <1% Recorded 6.1 6.4 Unrecorded.7.7 Total 6.8 7.1 Total males / females 13.8.8 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+) 2.2 4.7 Females (+).1. Both sexes (+) 1.1 3.6 Males (+) 3.3 Females (+).2 Both sexes (+) 23.8 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 42. 7. 9. Former drinkers* (+) 12.1 9.6.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.6 8.1 7.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 28.2 8.7 67.2 4. Road traffic accidents, males / females 7.3 18. 24.9 1.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 9.1 3.4 Females 1..3 Both sexes. 1.8 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 28 (8/9) / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / /

Timor-Leste Total population: 1 79 aged years and older (+): 3% in urban areas: 28% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income % 9% beer 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 76% Recorded.4.1 Unrecorded.. Total.9.6 Total males / females 1..1 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.9 3. Males (+).2 1.4 Females (+)..1 Both sexes (+).1 1.1 Males (+) 9. Females (+) 2.6 Both sexes (+) 8. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 77.9 91.7 84.7 Former drinkers* (+) 11.1.2 8.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 89. 96.9 92.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 17.8 9.6 17. 31.4 Road traffic accidents, males / females 46.1 18.3.3. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 2.4 1.2 Females..2 Both sexes 1..7 WHO South-East Asia Region 2.2 1.7 / / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. 29

Australia Total population: 22 44 aged years and older (+): 81% in urban areas: 89% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 12% 37% 7% 44% Recorded..4 Unrecorded.1 1.8 Total.1 12.2 Total males / females 17.3 7.2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 16.8 19.1 Females (+).1 6.3 Both sexes (+).9 13. Males (+) 19.7 Females (+) 9. Both sexes (+) 14. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).9 14.. Former drinkers* (+) 6.1.9 6. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 12. 19.9 16. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), Liver cirrhosis, males / females 6.8 2.8 72.8 7.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females.4 3.9 11.9 4.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males. 2.2 Females 2.1.8 Both sexes 3. 1. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 (1 / 6) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 261

Brunei Darussalam Total population: 41 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 76% Income group (World Bank): High income 7% 2% 1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 9% Recorded.1.6 Unrecorded.2.3 Total.3.9 Total males / females 1.6.1 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 1. 4.3 Females (+).1.7 Both sexes (+).6 2.7 Males (+) 7. Females (+).7 Both sexes (+) 4.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 6. 72. 66. Former drinkers* (+) 17.1.1 13.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 77.1 82.1 79.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9.7 8. 16.6 26.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females.8 9.9.6. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 3.1 1.4 Females.6.3 Both sexes 1.8.8 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 262 / / / Total ban Total ban Total ban Total ban when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 Total ban Total ban /

Cambodia Total population: 14 36 aged years and older (+): 68% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Low income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 1.6 2.2 Unrecorded 3. 3.3 Total 4.6. Total males / females 9.6 1.7 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 2.8.7 Females (+).2.7 Both sexes (+) 1.4 3.7 3% 46% 1% Males (+) 19.9 Females (+).7 Both sexes (+) 14.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 34.8 62.4 49.3 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 1. 7.9 61.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 19.1 7. 6.4. Road traffic accidents, males / females 28.7 9.8.2 2.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.6. Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.4 2.7 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 (11, ) / / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / 263

China Total population: 1 37 aged years and older (+): 82% in urban areas: 47% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 69% 28% 3% Recorded 3.2. Unrecorded 1.7 1.7 Total 4.9 6.7 Total males / females.9 2.2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 14.2 24.3 Females (+).7 2. Both sexes (+) 7.6 17.3 Males (+) 18.7 Females (+) 7.6 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 2.8 2.3 38.7 Former drinkers* (+).8 18.7 17.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 41.6 71.1.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 9.9.8 73. 9.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3..6 22.2 4.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 9.3 4. Females.2.1 Both sexes 4.9 2.4 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 264 / / / / /,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.2 /.2 /.2 /

Cook Islands Total population: aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 7% Income group (World Bank): 23% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 77% Recorded 3.2 t.9 t Unrecorded.. Total 3.7 6.4 Total males / females. 2.1 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) 18.9 Females (+) 6.1 Both sexes (+) 14.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 21. 4.6 33.1 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44.2 6.9 4.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.8.2 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / / 26

Fiji Total population: 861 aged years and older (+): 71% in urban areas: 2% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 1% 31% <1% 68% Recorded 1.4 t 2. Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 2.4 3. Total males / females.. WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 17. 34.4 Females (+) 4.1 12.9 Both sexes (+).9 26.4 Males (+).9 Females (+) 1. Both sexes (+) 7.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 32.4 6.1 46. Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 49. 68. 8.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 17.2 8.1 36.1 3.3 Road traffic accidents, males / females 11.4 4.8 12.3 1. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.8.3 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 266 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Japan Total population: 127 aged years and older (+): 87% in urban areas: 67% Income group (World Bank): High income 2% 19% 4% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 + recalculated to + 2% Recorded 7.8 7. Unrecorded.2.2 Total 8. 7.2 Total males / females.4 4.2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 28.1 36.9 Females (+) 7. 12. Both sexes (+) 17. 2.3 Males (+) 13.7 Females (+) 6.7 Both sexes (+).4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+). 18. 12. Former drinkers* (+) 18.6 19.6 19.1 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 23.6 38.1 31.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females. 3.2 49.3.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 6.4 2..4 3.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 4.6 2.1 Females 1..2 Both sexes 2.8 1.1 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 ( / ) / // / / / /,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 267

Kiribati Total population: 98 aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 44% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 1.3 1. Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 3.3 3. Total males / females..4 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 4.6.8 Females (+).4 2. Both sexes (+) 2. 8.1 61% 37% 2% Males (+) 12.8 Females (+) 2.4 Both sexes (+) 9.6 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 43. 7.9 7.1 Former drinkers* (+) 13.6.1 11.9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 7.1 8.9 69. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.9.3 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 268 / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Lao People s Democratic Republic Total population: 6 396 aged years and older (+): 63% in urban areas: 33% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 64% 36% <1% Recorded.7 6.2 Unrecorded 1. 1.1 Total 6.7 7.3 Total males / females 12. 2.3 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 22. 37.9 Females (+) 7. 19. Both sexes (+) 14.6 3. Males (+).9 Females (+) 6.2 Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 19.3 42.8 31.3 Former drinkers* (+) 21.2..9 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4. 63.3 2.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 31.9 12.7 72.6 1.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3. 16.9 26.3.4 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.6. Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4. 2.8 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 (11/12) / / / 18 /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 / 269

Malaysia Total population: 28 276 aged years and older (+): 72% in urban areas: 72% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 2% 22% <1% 76% Recorded..3 t Unrecorded.3 1. Total.8 1.3 Total males / females 2..2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+).6 3.4 Females (+) <.1.4 Both sexes (+).3 2. Males (+) 13. Females (+) 2.8 Both sexes (+). Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 73.1 89.2 81. Former drinkers* (+) 8.4 4.1 6.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 81. 93.3 87.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 11.1.4 3.8 28.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females.7 17.1 1.3.1 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 4.1 1.8 Females.8.4 Both sexes 2.4 1.1 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 27 (6/ ) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8 /

Marshall Islands Total population: 2 aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 72% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income information available 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 information available Recorded* Unrecorded Total Total males / females WHO Western Pacific Region *Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) Former drinkers* (+) Abstainers (+), past 12 months Patterns of drinking score, least risky information available most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males Females Both sexes WHO Western Pacific Region / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 271

Micronesia (Federated States of) Total population: 4 aged years and older (+): 63% in urban areas: 23% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 39% 14% 47% Recorded 3.2 2.3 Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 4.2 3.3 Total males / females 6.. WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+).8 41.4 Females (+) 4. 14.6 Both sexes (+) 12.8 31.4 Males (+) 12. Females (+) 1.6 Both sexes (+) 8.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 33.1 6.7 46.7 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 49.7 69.1 9.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.6. Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4. 2.8 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 272 / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21,, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Mongolia Total population: 2 713 aged years and older (+): 73% in urban areas: 62% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% 27% 3% Recorded 2.1 4.9 Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 4.1 6.9 Total males / females 11.7 2.2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 4.1 7.8 Females (+) 14.3 4.8 Both sexes (+) 27. 9.1 Males (+).8 Females (+) 6.2 Both sexes (+).1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).2 44.3 32. Former drinkers* (+) 23.2. 21.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 43. 64.9 4.3 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 78.8 47.6 71.7 9.8 Road traffic accidents, males / females 34. 7. 3.1 6.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.8 4.8 Females 2.1.9 Both sexes 6.4 2.8 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 (3/12) / / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / / 273

Nauru Total population: aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): % 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 8% Recorded 1. 1. Unrecorded 2. 2. Total 3. 3. Total males / females.9 1.1 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 14.2 Females (+) 7.7 Both sexes (+) 12. Abstainers (%), Males (+) 32.7 79.1 Females (+) Both sexes (+) Lifetime abstainers (+) 49.6 7.7 62.6 Former drinkers* (+) 9. 9.6 9.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 8.6 8.3 71.9 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.9.3 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 274

New Zealand Total population: 4 368 aged years and older (+): 8% in urban areas: 86% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 12% % 34% 38% Recorded 8.9 9.3 Unrecorded. 1.6 Total 9.4.9 Total males / females.7 6.3 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 7.4 8.7 Females (+) 1.7 2.3 Both sexes (+) 4..6 Males (+) 18.6 Females (+) 8. Both sexes (+) 13.7 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 8. 14. 11.1 Former drinkers* (+) 7.2 11. 9.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.2 2.. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 4.2 2. 69.1 68.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 13.6 7. 7. 2.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 4. 1.9 Females 2..9 Both sexes 3.2 1.4 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 (1996/7) / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /. /.8 / / 27

Niue Total population: 1 aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 38% Income group (World Bank): 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 7.8 7. Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 8.8 8. Total males / females 13.3 2.6 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 38.2 69.6 Females (+) 12.8 39. Both sexes (+) 2.7 8.3 1% 47% 2% Males (+) 24.2 Females (+) 8. Both sexes (+) 18.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 21.9 46.9 34.2 Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.1 67.1 6. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.8.2 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 276 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Palau Total population: aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: 83% Income group (World Bank): Upper middle income 6% 16% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 78% Recorded 7.2 t 6.9 t Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 8.2 7.9 Total males / females 13.2 2.6 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) 19.7 Females (+) 6. Both sexes (+) 14.4 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14. 34.9 24.7 Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 22.4.3 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 32.9 7.3 4. Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.9.3 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / / 21 / 21 / 21 21 / 21 / 21, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. 277

Papua New Guinea Total population: 6 89 aged years and older (+): 61% in urban areas: 13% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 1. 1. Unrecorded 2. 1. Total 3. 3. Total males / females.1 1. WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 17.3 37.1 Females (+) 1.8 8. Both sexes (+) 9.6 27.8 48% <1% 1% Males (+).8 Females (+) 4.4 Both sexes (+) 8.8 Abstainers (%), <1% Lifetime abstainers (+) 39.3 67. 3. Former drinkers* (+) 14.1.8 12. Abstainers (+), past 12 months 3.4 77.7 6.4 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 67. 32.4 36.7 43.1 Road traffic accidents, males / females 37. 7. 12.2 2.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.7.1 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.6 2.9 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / /, /, / / / / 278

Philippines Total population: 93 444 aged years and older (+): 6% in urban areas: 49% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 73% 27% <1% Recorded 4.4 4.6 Unrecorded 2..9 Total 6.4.4 Total males / females 9.2 1.7 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 3. 6.3 Females (+).3.8 Both sexes (+) 1.9 4.2 Males (+) 16.7 Females (+).2 Both sexes (+) 12.3 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 21. 46.2 34. Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44.7 66..7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 3. 9.7 66.7 49.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 22.8 6.1 9.9 2. s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.7.2 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.6 2.9 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / 279

Republic of Korea Total population: 48 44 aged years and older (+): 84% in urban areas: 83% Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 2% 2% 7% 3% Recorded 9.3 9.8 Unrecorded 3. 2. Total 12.3 12.3 Total males / females 21. 3.9 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 12.1 21.6 Females (+).1.3 Both sexes (+) 6. 13.4 Males (+) 37.6 Females (+) 11. Both sexes (+) 27. Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).9 4.7 33. Former drinkers* (+) 23.2.3 21.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44.2 66..2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.6 4.4 7. 1. Road traffic accidents, males / females 22.1 6.9 2.6 3.6 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males.3 7.8 Females 2.2 1.7 Both sexes 6.2 4.7 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 28 (6/ ) / / / 19 / 19 / 19 19 / 19 / 19,, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. / /

Samoa Total population: 186 aged years and older (+): 62% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 12% 17% 71% Recorded 3.8 2.6 t Unrecorded 1. 1. Total 4.8 3.6 Total males / females 6.6.6 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 29.1 2. Females (+) 3.7.9 Both sexes (+) 16.8 37.1 Males (+) 11.8 Females (+) 1.6 Both sexes (+) 8.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 28.8 6.1 42.1 Former drinkers* (+).8 9.4 12.7 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 44.6 6. 4.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.8.2 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.4 /.4 /.4 / / / 281

Singapore Total population: 79 aged years and older (+): 83% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): High income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 % 13% 2% 7% Recorded. t 1. t Unrecorded 1.. Total 1. 2. Total males / females 2.8 1.2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 8.6 12.8 Females (+).4 1.3 Both sexes (+) 4.4 8.9 Males (+) 4.7 Females (+) 2.4 Both sexes (+) 3.9 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 14.3 4. 34. Former drinkers* (+) 18.3 12.9.6 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 32.6 66.9.1 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females.4 3.2 32.2 37.6 Road traffic accidents, males / females 9.8 2.6 3.7.8 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 1.4.7 Females.4.2 Both sexes.9. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 282 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.8 /.8 /.8

Solomon Islands Total population: 26 aged years and older (+): 9% in urban areas: 19% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 2% 17% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 81% Recorded 1.1 1.2 Unrecorded.. Total 1.6 1.7 Total males / females 3.1.3 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 7. Females (+) 1.3 Both sexes (+).2 Abstainers (%), Males (+) 27.6 62.2 Females (+).2 26.2 Both sexes (+) 16.4 1. Lifetime abstainers (+) 42. 69.3.6 Former drinkers* (+) 13.6.8 12.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.6 8.1 67.8 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 32.1 16.1 24.2 36.2 Road traffic accidents, males / females 3.6 17.2 17.7 1.4 Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.7.1 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.6 2.9 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 283

Tokelau Total population: aged years and older (+): in urban areas: Income group (World Bank): information available 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 information available Recorded Unrecorded Total Total males / females WHO Western Pacific Region Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) Former drinkers* (+) Abstainers (+), past 12 months Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males Females Both sexes WHO Western Pacific Region 284 / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / /

Tonga Total population: 4 aged years and older (+): 63% in urban areas: 23% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 Recorded 1.2 t 1.1 Unrecorded.. Total 1.7 1.6 Total males / females 3..2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Males (+) 12. 26.2 Females (+) 2.1.3 Both sexes (+) 6.9 21.1 Males (+) 6. Females (+) 1.1 Both sexes (+) 4.8 Abstainers (%), 8% Lifetime abstainers (+) 4.7 68.4 4.8 Former drinkers* (+) 13.6.8 12.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 4.3 79.2 67. Patterns of drinking score, 34% <1% 8% least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.7.1 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4. 2.8 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %.3 /.3 /.3 28

Tuvalu Total population: aged years and older (+): 69% in urban areas: % Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 7% % % Recorded 1.4 1. Unrecorded.. Total 1.9 1. Total males / females 2.. WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) Females (+) Both sexes (+) Males (+) 7.3 Females (+) 3.4 Both sexes (+) 6.1 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+).1 7.9 62.8 Former drinkers* (+).9 9.6 12.8 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 6.9 8. 7.6 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.8.2 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.7 3. WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / /, /, / / 286

Vanuatu Total population: 236 aged years and older (+): 62% in urban areas: 26% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income 37% 4% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 23% Recorded 1. t.9 Unrecorded.. Total 1. 1.4 Total males / females 2..2 Males (+).7 Females (+) 1. Both sexes (+) 4.3 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 t Tourist consumption deducted when at least as many tourists as inhabitants. Abstainers (%), Males (+) 11. 26.1 Females (+) 3. 18. Both sexes (+) 7. 23.6 Lifetime abstainers (+) 42.2 69.8 6. Former drinkers* (+) 13.6.8 12.2 Abstainers (+), past 12 months.8 8.6 68.2 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females Road traffic accidents, males / females Alcohol use disorders** Males 7.7.1 Females 1.4.7 Both sexes 4.6 2.9 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least information available most / / / / / / /, /, / / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in % / / / / / 287

Viet Nam Total population: 89 47 aged years and older (+): 77% in urban areas: 3% Income group (World Bank): Lower middle income <1% 2% <1% 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 97% Recorded 1.2 2. Unrecorded 2.7 4.6 Total 3.8 6.6 Total males / females 12.1.2 WHO Western Pacific Region.4 6.8 Males (+) 2.6. Females (+).2.8 Both sexes (+) 1.4 3.7 Males (+) 27.4 Females (+).9 Both sexes (+) 17.2 Abstainers (%), Lifetime abstainers (+) 34.9 62.9 49.3 Former drinkers* (+) 16.6 8.4 12.4 Abstainers (+), past 12 months 1. 71.4 61.7 Patterns of drinking score, least risky < 1 2 3 4 > most risky (AAF), 12 Liver cirrhosis, males / females 39.3 9.2 71.7 37.7 Road traffic accidents, males / females 1.3 9.3 36.2.7 s of life lost (YLL) score*, 12 least < 1 2 3 4 > most Alcohol use disorders** Males 8.7.9 Females.9.1 Both sexes 4.7 2.9 WHO Western Pacific Region 4.6 2.3 288 / / /, /, / when driving a vehicle (general / young / professional), in %. /. /. (. for motorcycles) /