Periods in Art History Time Periods and Samples
Ancient Art Stone Age (30,000 b.c. Cave painting, fertility Lascaux Cave Painting, Ice Age ends (10,000 b.c. 2500 b.c.) goddesses, megalithic Woman of Willendorf, 8,000 b.c.); New Stone Age structures Stonehenge and first permanent settlements (8000 b.c. 2500 b.c.) Mesopotamian (3500 b.c. Warrior art and narration in Standard of Ur, Gate of Sumerians invent writing 539 b.c.) stone relief Ishtar, Stele of (3400 b.c.); Hammurabi Hammurabi's Code writes his law code (1780 b.c.); Abraham founds monotheism Egyptian (3100 b.c. 30 Art with an afterlife focus: Imhotep, Step Pyramid, Narmer unites Upper/Lower b.c.) pyramids and tomb painting Great Pyramids, Bust of Egypt (3100 b.c.); Nefertiti Rameses II battles the Hittites (1274 b.c.); Cleopatra dies (30 b.c.)
Ancient Art 2 Greek and Hellenistic (850 Greek idealism: balance, Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Athens defeats Persia at b.c. 31 b.c.) perfect proportions; Polykleitos, Praxiteles Marathon (490 b.c.); architectural orders(doric, Peloponnesian Wars (431 Ionic, Corinthian) b.c. 404 b.c.); Alexander the Great's conquests (336 b.c. 323 b.c.) Roman (500 b.c. a.d. 476) Roman realism: practical Augustus of Primaporta, Julius Caesar assassinated and down to earth; the arch Colosseum, Trajan's (44 b.c.); Augustus Column, Pantheon proclaimed Emperor (27 b.c.); Diocletian splits Empire (a.d. 292); Rome falls (a.d. 476) Indian, Chinese, and Serene, meditative art, and Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Birth of Buddha (563 b.c.); Japanese(653 b.c. a.d. Arts of the Floating World Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige Silk Road opens (1st 1900) century b.c.); Buddhism spreads to China (1st 2nd centuries a.d.) and Japan (5th century a.d.)
Ancient Art 3 Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. Heavenly Byzantine Hagia Sophia, Andrei Justinian partly restores 476 a.d.1453) mosaics; Islamic Rublev, Mosque of Western Roman Empire architecture and amazing Córdoba, the Alhambra (a.d. 533 a.d. 562); maze-like design Iconoclasm Controversy (a.d. 726 a.d. 843); Birth of Islam (a.d. 610) and Muslim Conquests (a.d. 632 a.d. 732) Middle Ages (500 1400) Celtic art, Carolingian St. Sernin, Durham Viking Raids (793 1066); Renaissance, Cathedral, Notre Dame, Battle of Hastings (1066); Romanesque, Gothic Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Crusades I IV (1095 Giotto 1204); Black Death (1347 1351); Hundred Years' War (1337 1453)
Renaissance Early and High Rebirth of classical culture Ghiberti's Doors, Gutenberg invents movable Renaissance (1400 1550) Brunelleschi, Donatello, type (1447); Turks conquer Botticelli, Leonardo, Constantinople (1453); Michelangelo, Raphael Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517) Venetian and Northern The Renaissance spreads Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Council of Trent and Renaissance (1430 1550) north- ward to France, the Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan Counter-Reformation Low Countries, Poland, van Eyck, Rogier van der (1545 1563); Copernicus Germany, and England Weyden proves the Earth revolves around the Sun (1543
Modern Art Mannerism (1527 1580) Art that breaks the rules; Tintoretto, El Greco, Magellan circumnavigates artifice over nature Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini the globe (1520 1522) Baroque (1600 1750) Splendor and flourish for Reubens, Rembrandt, Thirty Years' War between God; art as a weapon in Caravaggio, Palace of Catholics and Protestants the religious wars Versailles (1618 1648) Neoclassical (1750 1850) Art that recaptures Greco- David, Ingres, Greuze, Enlightenment (18th Roman grace and grandeur Canova century); Industrial Revolution (1760 1850) Romanticism (1780 1850) The triumph of imagination Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, American Revolution and individuality Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin (1775 1783); French West Revolution (1789 1799); Napoleon crowned emperor of France (1803) Realism (1848 1900) Celebrating working class Corot, Courbet, Daumier, European democratic and peasants; en plein air Millet revolutions of 1848 rustic painting
Modern Art Impressionism (1865 Capturing fleeting effects of Monet, Manet, Renoir, Franco-Prussian War 1885) natural light Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, (1870 1871); Unification of Degas Germany (1871) Post-Impressionism (1885 A soft revolt against Van Gogh, Gauguin, Belle Époque (late-19th- 1910) Impressionism Cézanne, Seurat century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905) Fauvism and Harsh colors and flat Matisse, Kirchner, Boxer Rebellion in China Expressionism (1900 surfaces (Fauvism); Kandinsky, Marc (1900); World War (1914 1935) emotion distorting form 1918)
Modern Art Movments 2 Cubism, Futurism, Pre and Post World War Picasso, Braque, Leger, Russian Revolution (1917); Supremativism, 1 art experiments: new Boccioni, Severini, American women Constructivism, De Stijl forms to express modern Malevich franchised (1920) (1905 1920) life Dada and Surrealism Ridiculous art; painting Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Disillusionment after World (1917 1950) dreams and exploring the Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo War I; The Great unconscious Depression (1929 1938); World War II (1939 1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945)
Post Modern Art Abstract Expressionism Post World War II: pure Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Cold War and Vietnam War (1940s 1950s) and Pop Art abstraction and expression Rothko, Warhol, (U.S. enters 1965); (1960s) without form; popular art Lichtenstein U.S.S.R. suppresses absorbs consumerism Hungarian revolt (1956) Czechoslovakian revolt (1968) Postmodernism and Art without a center and Gerhard Richter, Cindy Nuclear freeze movement; Deconstructivism (1970 ) reworking and mixing past Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Cold War fizzles; styles Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989 1991)