Offshore Wind Energy a big technical challenge Christian Nath, Germanischer Lloyd Renewables Certification Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 2
Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 3 Germanischer Lloyd Group Founded in 1867 Head Office in Hamburg More than 6000 employees worldwide Three Business Segments Maritime Oil & Gas Renewables 4
What is the history of the GL Group? GL has 143 years of history its origins are in shipping 1862 group of ship-owners formed a classification society Founded in 1867 published first construction rules for wooden ships 1869 GL surveyors in 60 ports from Emden to Singapore 1894 Marine Trade Association agreement to act as a technical consultant From wooden to iron and changes in propulsion 1968 Classification Society founded (IACS) 1970s Diversification into research into ship technology using computer technology 1970s - Further diversification establishing Industrial Services as a second pillar of its activities 5 Geographical Reach of the Renewables >700 staff, in 35 locations, across 20 countries Vancouver Ottawa Portland San Diego Montreal Peterborough Austin Monterrey Porto Alegre Glasgow London Slough Bristol Dublin Paris Lisbon Heerenveen Sint Maarten Kaiser-Wilhelm- Koog Barcelona Zaragoza Madrid Copenhagen Hinnerup Oldenburg Hamburg Warsaw Imola Izmir Beijing Tokyo Shanghai Mumbai Bangalore Newcastle Melbourne Wellington 6
Technical Breadth Onshore Wind Energy Offshore Wind Energy Marine Renewables: Wave and Tidal Energy Solar Energy 7 Germanischer Lloyd Renewables GL Renewables Certification Certification body in Hamburg in operation for over 30 years ~100 employees in Hamburg GL Garrad Hassan Engineering, Consulting & Measurements in operation for over 25 years >600 employees worldwide ~20 employees in Hamburg 8
GL Renewables Service Portfolio Wind Turbine Design & Certification Support Measurements Structural Loads, Acoustics, Power Curves, Electrical Behaviour, Wind Resources Software: Bladed, WindFarmer, Forecaster, GH SCADA Wind Turbine Inspections Energy Assessment Due Diligence for Investors Asset Management and Optimisation (AMOS) Offshore Wind Farm Services, Wave & Tidal Project Services, Solar Energy Services Type & Project Certification Guidelines 9 Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 10
GL s History in Renewables Certification (Wind) 1977 First activities in Wind Energy 1980 Examination GROWIAN and small wind turbines 1984 Test Fields Pellworm and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog 1986 First Onshore GL Guideline 1995 EU-Study for Offshore Potential 2001 Metmast and Research Project FINO 1 2005 Nomination from German Government for Certification 2009 Merger with Garrad Hassan 2010 New GL - Guideline 11 Development of maximum Rated Power Hub height Rotor diameter Rated Power Rotor diameter Hub height Source: BWE + Faber, Steck 12
Size of modern Wind Turbines 10 8 cycles Boeing 747 90 kw 22 kw 450 kw Source Siemens Wind Power 2.3 MW 3.6 MW 6 MW 13 How much air passes through a rotor in one second? 110 tonnes 100 Golfs per sec 14 110m rotor
A big blade but not the biggest 15 EWEA s 3 Wind Power Scenarios in Europe Source: EWEA/GWEC 16
Wind Power Worldwide June 2010 Source: WWEA 17 Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 18
The first 10 Years of Offshore Wind Name of the Wind Farm Vindeby Lely Tuno Knob Country Denmark Netherlands Denmark Installed Power [MW] 5 2 5 Wind Turbine Type Bonus 450 NEG Micon Vestas 500 kw No. of Wind Turbines 11 4 10 Year of Start-up 1991 1994 1995 Dronten Ijsselmeer Bockstige Sweden 2,75 NEG Micon 550 kw 5 1997 Utgrunden Netherlands Sweden 16,8 10,5 NEG Micon 600 kw GE 1.5 28 5 1996 2000 Blyth England 4 Vestas V66-2 MW ~50 MW 2 2000 19 1991 Vindeby Wind Farm: 11 x 450 kw 20
2000 Blyth Habour 2 x 2MW 21 Source: FreeFoto.com The last 10 Years of Offshore Wind Denmark 2001 2003 375 MW 2009 210 MW 2010 240 MW United Kingdom 2003 2004 60 MW each year 2005 2006 90 MWeach year 2007 100 MW 2008 187 MW 2009 90 MW 2010 360 MW (+450 MW to be commissioned) Sweden 2007 110 MW Germany 2010 60 MW (+400 MW to be commissioned) 825 MW 1037 MW 110 MW 60 MW ~2000 MW 22
Offshore Wind Farm Middelgrunden Source: Middelgrundens Vindmøllelaug I/S 23 Turbulence at Horns Rev 24 Sorce: DONG Energy A/S?
Consented North Sea Projects in the German Sector Alpha Ventus Source: BSH 25 First German Offshore Wind Farm Alpha Ventus Source: Alpha Ventus 26
Access Vessels Source:Ampelmann Source: Danny Plug Source: OWPMS 27 Helicopter Access Source: REpower Source: Eurocopter 28
Transformer and Cable Connection Source:DONG Source: Siemens 29 Installation Vessel and Jack-up Barge Source: Cranes Source: IWES 30
Arklow Bank Robin Rigg North Hoyle Gwynt y Mor Beatrice Blyth Race Bank Docking Shoal Cromer Metmast Emden Horns Rev Dan Tysk Horns Rev II Sandbank 24 Nördlicher Grund Butendiek Global Tech I `Nordsee Amrumbank West `He Dreiht Veja Mate Amrumbank Deutsche Bucht BARD Offshore I Meerwind Nordsee Ost Borkum Riffgrund West FINO Delta Nordsee Gode Wind Borkum West II Alpha Ventus Bard NL RWE Innogy I Nordergründe Borkum Riffgrund Riffgat Wilhelmshaven Friedrichshaven Tunø Knob Samsø Laesø Vindeby Omø Stalgrunde Nysted Nysted II Beltsee GEOGFReE Sky 2000 Breitling Klutzer Winkel Skabrevet Middelgrunden Barsebank Lillegrund Utgrunden Blekinge Uttgrunden Ytte Stengrund North Misjobanken Kriegers Flak II Smyggeham Kriegers Flak Baltic 1 Ventotec Ost 1&2 Arkona-Becken Südost Scroby Sands Princess ( Q7 ) Amalia London Array Thornton Bank Seanergy 31 Types of Offshore Foundations Source: EWEA 32
Type Power Diameter No. WT installed Offshore Wind Turbines Available 2009 Source: IWES 33 New (Offshore) Wind Turbine Types Bard DE Bard 6.5 MW (-> 7+x MW) BlueH NL 5 MW Clipper UK Britannia 10 MW DarWinD NL 5 MW (Enercon) DE 7-8 MW Gamesa ES G10.x, 4.5 MW GE(Scanwind) DE 4+x MW REpower DE REpower 6M SANY CN 3 MW + 6 MW Siemens DK 6 MW Sinovel CN 3 MW Vestas DK x MW 34
Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 35 Challenges (1) Projects are moving further offshore - 30 km - 120 km is possible in the future Distances from support ports are increasing Water depths are increasing - up to 75 m Environmental conditions are becoming more challenging in deeper water Offshore sites are being approved even where there are difficult geotechnical and environmental conditions 36
Challenges (2) Year Range Typical No. of WTs per project Typical WT size 2002-2008 20-80 2-3 MW 2009-2011 80-140 3-3.6 MW 2012-2015 80-200 3-5 MW 2016-2020 100-1000 5-7 MW (10MW) Construction period 1-2 years 2 years 2-3 years 2-6 years 37 Changing Trends in Offshore Wind Turbines in UK Wind Turbine Installations by WTG Capacity Class 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Year 7-10 MW Class 5-6 MW Class 3-4 MW Class 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 United Kingdom 38
Impact from Increasing Turbine Sizes and Weights Turbine Size 3 MW 3.6 MW Nacelle Weight (incl. rotor) Approx. 110 t Approx. 185 t Hub Height 75 90 m 75 90 m Tower Weight Approx. 110 t Approx 170 t 6 MW 310 500 t 100 120 m 300 500 t 39 Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 40
Current and Future Installation Vessels There are a number of vessels which are now commonly used by the offshore wind farm industry. These vessels have established a good track record and now have consistent utilizations. However, this was not always the case in the early days. There are now a significant number of new build vessels under construction. Some will be delivered in months, others in two years time. The market is reacting to demand. However will these vessels be capable of meeting the challenges of the new developments or will they be under specified? 41 Offshore Wind Farm Construction Vessels Vessel name Owner Length Width Max operating water depth Loading capacity Max crane capacity Sea Jack Lisa Odin Excalibur Resolution Sea Energy Sea Power Zeebouwer Buzzard Vagant m/v Wind Titan 2 JB-109/110 JB-114/115 Kraken A2SEA SMIT Hochtief Seacore MPI A2SEA A2SEA GeoSea GeoSea GeoSea De Brandt Atlantic Marine Jack-up Barge Jack-up Barge Seajacks 91m 69m 46m 60m 130m 91m 91m 42m 43m 43m 55m 54m 55m 55m 76m 33m 39m 30m 32m 38m 21m 21m 20m 30m 22m 18m 34m 32m 32m 36m 35m 38m 45m 35m 25m/35m 24m 24m 32m 40m 30m 40/60m 40m 40m 48m 4000t 1600t 900t 1350t 4550t 600t 1300t 1900t 450t 1250t 1250t 900t 1300t 600t Crawler 280t 300t 200t 200t Crawler 198t Crawler Crawler 2 x 180t 300t 300t 300t 42
Case Studies Offshore Service Vessels Offshore Support Swath NATALIA BEKKER Platform Supply Vessel GO COUGAR Wind Turbine Installation Ships HLJV for Beluga Hochtief Offshore Seabreeze for RWEInnogy WTIS for Swire Blue Ocean * EWEA = European Wind Energy Association 43 Offshore Support Swath NATALIA BEKKER World s first swath wind park tender, specially designed for wind park maintenance, support and personnel transfer Built for Bard at Abeking & Rasmussen GL Deliverables Classification, Newbuilding Supervision, Fleet in Service Source: Mercator Media 2010 Facts Lpp = 23.25m, 222 GT, 18kn, 12 passengers, 2,5m H 1/3 44
Platform Supply Vessel GO COUGAR Built at Aker Norway 2008 TOCA to GL 2009 Upgrade of DP system to DP2 GL Deliverables Plan Approval for new DP system, Conversion Supervision, DP Trials, Fleet in Service GL Noble Denton Deliverables FMEA for DP2 system upgrade Source: Opielok Facts Lpp = 68.30m, 2180 GT, DP2, 14.5kn 45 HLJV for Beluga Hochtief Offshore Joint venture with Beluga and Hochtief Will be built at Christ/Poland Basic Design by Overdick/Wärstilä GL Deliverables Analysis + Verification, Newbuilding Classification, Plan Approval, Newbuilding Supervision, Fleet in Service GL ND: FMEA for DP2 system Source: BHO Facts Large Deck Area ~ 135 x 43 m, 15000 GT, DP2, 12kn, 120 compartmts, 50m waterdepth, 4 legs, rack & pinion jacking, Crane > 1500t @ 20m 46
Seabreeze for RWE Innogy Built at DSME Basic Design by Wärtsilä/IMS GL Deliverables Analysis and Verification, Newbuilding Classification, Plan Approval, Newbuilding Supervision, Fleet in Service Detailed Engineering for Jetting System Detailed Engineering for Spud Cans Source: RWE Facts Large Deck Area ~ 100 x 40 m, 11000 GT, DP2, 6kn, 60 compartmts, 45m waterdepth, 4 legs, hydraulic jacking, Crane > 800t @ 25m 47 WTIS for Swire Blue Ocean Will be built at SHI GL Deliverables Analysis and Verification, Newbuilding Classification, Plan Approval, Newbuilding Supervision, Fleet in Service GL ND: Detailed Engineering for the Jacking System GL ND: FMEA for DP2 Source: Swire Blue Ocean Facts ~ 155 x 50 m, DP2, 13kn, 100 compartments, 75m waterdepth, 4000 m 2 deck area, 6 legs, rack & pinion jacking 48
Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 49 Offshore Windfarming development deeper and further, Trend until 2025 Northern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Current Projects Planned Projects Source: EWEA 50
EWEA s Grid of the Future Operating Under construction or planned Under Study by TSO Under Study by TSC / EWEA EWEA proposal 2020 EWEA proposal 2030 51 Europe s Noth Sea Grid Planning Operating Under construction or planned Under Study by TSO Under Study by TSC / EWEA EWEA proposal 2020 EWEA proposal 2030 52 Source:EWEA
Harbour of the Future Station for transport, assembly and maintenance Accommodation for personnel Storage of spare parts Workplaces Foundations for commissioning of assembled wind turbines Test site for new turbine types Transformer station Electrical substation (hub) Heliport Source: www.havenellandopzee.nl 53 Contents Germanischer Lloyd History / Development Offshore Wind Challenges Installation Future Projects Discussion 54
Conclusions and Entries for Discussion (1) Future Offshore Wind Energy Projects may need: Big wind turbines (5...6...10... 20 MW) specifically designed for offshore operation Large water depths (30...40...50...700 m) Super grid, grid connections across the North Sea Sufficient resources (wind turbines, vessels, grid connection, harbour facilities,...) Increased annual offshore working time (larger weather windows) New (other) concepts (two-bladed, floating, tension leg,...) 55 Conclusions and Entries for Discussion (2) Future Offshore installation and supply vessels may need: The capability to work in much deeper water The capability of installing a variety of different foundation types and larger turbines Significantly more lift capacity than those currently deployed on the markets. A large No. of heavy lift cranes are likely to be required To be more efficient when working offshore larger deck space, efficient supply and handling of components and accommodation for larger crews To maintain or improve the cost of installation as part of the overall cost per MW of the development 56
Thank you very much for your attention Christian Nath Vice President Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH Renewables Certification Brooktorkai 18, 20457 Hamburg GERMANY Phone: +49 (0) 40-3 61 49-480 Fax: +49 (0) 40-3 61 49-17 20 Email: Christian.Nath@gl-group.com WWW: www.gl-group.com/glrenewables