Emory Lecture Series 25 May 2011 Chevrolet s Electric Volt Britta Gross Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization
Chevrolet Volt Electric Vehicle (with a Range-Extender) Designed for40miles BATTERY Electric Drive (typically 25-50 mile EV range) 300 Designed for over miles EXTENDED RANGE Driving on Gasoline New EPA label: EV @ 93mpg (35 miles) + Gas @ 37mpg comb (344 miles) = Overall 60mpg (379 miles)
Typical Commute Why Target 40 Miles? 40 Miles Is the Key 78% of customers commute 40 miles or less daily Based on U.S. Department of Transportation 2003 Omnibus Household Survey
Plug-in Vehicle Adoption Can we achieve Mass-Market adoption? The Volt was designed to be a mass-market solution (not a niche solution) by addressing key consumer barriers: - More functional than earlier pure-battery EV1 --- Volt is a 4 seater, hatch-back with fold-down rear seat for good cargo space (e.g. bike) - Unlimited range with the gasoline range-extender --- pure BEV (at all speeds/loads) for typical American commuters/errands --- long-distance gas ICE for long trips and spontaneous trips - More convenient to charge than earlier EV1 --- charges in a normal 120V household 3-pronged outlet in about 10 hours --- charges at 240V in 4 hours - Single industry standard for charging --- previously two competing standards (inductive, conductive)
Plug-in Vehicle Adoption What will it take to build consumer demand? Address consumer barriers and dissatisfiers (and never forget that it is very difficult to beat the 100 year old gasoline ICE on cost and perceived convenience): Education and Awareness - media, outreach, training Newness - early adopters to fast followers to mainstream to laggards to rejectors Cost - vehicle, electricity, installation, permitting, fees Convenience - charging installation, charge cords Complexity - electricity rate options Automakers also have to address: New technology learnings Customer feedback Supply base (incl. new suppliers) Think like a consumer and do everything possible to make it a no-brainer to choose a plug-in electric vehicle -- and consider every sale a victory until we reach the market tipping point
AUTOMOTIVE EXCELLENCE Breakthrough Technology Award TOP 10 VEHICLES AWARD TECHNOLOGY OnStar MyLink Volt Mobile App Consumer Electronics Show TOP PRODUCTS Award EDITOR S CHOICE AWARD 6
Life with the Volt Describe the Volt It is extremely quick, quiet and comfortable. It has the feeling and ride of my 1999 Lexus GS-400. New and exciting. The best thing Chevy has done since the 1957 Chevy Bel Air. Environmentally friendly, breakthrough technology, very high quality, no user compromises. A huge first step on our journey away from gas powered vehicles.. A fun to drive mid-size luxury hi-tech advanced electric. A life saver for the human race. A protector of the American way of life. My office on wheels. An example to the world of American technology. Can't get the grin off my face. All the joy of an electric, none of the worry. I want this to be sold EVERYWHERE to EVERYONE. With a million Volts we'd reduce our oil dependency a great deal. n=189 7
Volt Rollout Status Ship to Commerce began mid December 2010 648 Participating Volt Dealers (7 launch states) 717 Authorized Volt Service Sites (non launch states) 1365 Total Volt serving locations 2,291 Volts delivered to retail customers (as of 5/21/2011) --- 36 in Florida Supply driven not demand (i.e. currently more demand than supply) Focus on Quality launch and progressive build-up of volume Growing to 2,626 for expanded rollout Volts Purchased or Leased by Consumers in these States Hawaii Alaska Volts On Order GM Confidential 8
Electric Vehicle Supply Base Opportunities Major advancements in EV technologies are critically needed, requiring an expanded, more capable supply base: Performance, Efficiency, Cost, Mass, Volume, Reliability, Durability, Manufacturability (i.e. DFM and 6-sigma) Onboard Chargers (OBCM) Traction Power Inverter Modules (TPIM) Li Ion Batteries Heating/Cooling System Components 3/4 way Valves; 50W Pumps; Cooling Plates (for battery cells); Electric/Cabin Heater Control Module (CHCM) Electric AC Compressors High Efficiency Radiators (CRFM) Voltage Temperature Modules (VITM/VSTM) Regen Brake Control Systems Accessory Power Modules (APM) Charge Cords automotive grade (i.e. cost at scale)
GM / EPRI / Utility Collaboration Largest auto-utility collaborative effort in existence -- formed in 2007 Over 50 utility members and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Focus areas: Vehicle-to-Grid Technical Interfaces, Aligned Messaging, Aligned Policy Priorities, New Business Opportunities (EV-to-Grid) BC Hydro Manitoba Hydro Snohomish County PUD No. 1 Seattle City Light Avista Corp. Hydro-Québec Portland General Electric PacifiCorp NY ISO Great River Energy Hydro One Central Hudson G&E Northeast Utilities Consumers EnergyRochester G&E United Illuminating Dairyland Power We Energies EnWin NYPA ConEd Madison G&E DTE PJM LIPA Nebraska Public Power Dist. Exelon PSEG FirstEnergy Sacramento Municipal UD Constellation Energy Lincoln Electric AEP Pepco Holdings, Inc. Hetch Hetchy Water and Power Tri-State G&T Great Plains Energy Hoosier Dominion Resources Pacific Gas & Electric Ameren Duke Energy Southern California Edison Services Progress Energy Salt River Project Arizona Public Service Tennessee Valley Authority San Diego Gas & Electric Arkansas Electric Coop Golden Valley Electric Assn. Southern Company Oncor Austin Energy CenterPoint Energy Progress Energy CPS Energy Hawaiian Electric Co.
Electric Grid is Designed for Peak Demand Consumers encouraged to Charge Off-Peak to form correct charging habits The Volt has a smart delayed charge feature that shifts charging to the load valley Grid loads are typically highest during the hottest summer afternoons the remainder of the year the loads are significantly lower at all times of the day; encouraging the correct (off-peak) charging behaviors throughout the year will ensure the correct habits are formed to avoid additional peak.
CHARGING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Charging Infrastructure Public charging High Visibility Commercial/Retail Public education and outreach Public Workplace Corporate Parking Lots, Municipal Parking Lots Residential (majority) Satisfying consumer-driven home installation process Permits, electricians, inspections, meters, rates Workplace Residential
Outreach and Education Public Education and Outreach Dealer Preparation and Training First Responder Training 12 Cities 6,300 Participants 40+ sessions & 150+ dealers 1,500+ attendees National Safety Training Program with NFPA Began November 2010 Customer driven events at GM Tech Centers in Los Angeles Stakeholder outreach to support decision making on infrastructure Began October 2010 All markets www.chevrolet.com Technology to SPX execution How will new infrastructure impact customer s experience GM First ResponderWebsite https://www.gmstc.com GM and NFPA partnership for training/education www.evsafetytraining.org
Outreach and Education Contractor and Inspector Outreach UNITED STATES COUNCIL FOR AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH LLC 20 Master/State electricians Completed Train-the-Trainer Began April 2011 National Kickoff in Chicago Top-down training for inspectors and electricians in 40,000 independent jurisdictions
Additional Resources Online PEV Info www.projectgetready.org State Websites: (e.g., www.pluginmichigan.org) www.goelectricdrive.com (national industry-collaborative website for consumers)
Plug-in Ready Communities Required Stakeholders Dedicated project leader State, city, county Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD DOT Utilities (municipal and regional) Regulators/public utility commissions Permitting and code officials Local employers Local universities Government Fleet Purchases Desired Enablers Game Plan Infrastructure/Incentives/Educational Outreach Vehicle Purchase Incentives Low Off-Peak Charging Rates (e.g. to encourage nighttime charging) Green/Renewable Charging Options HOV Lane Access Charging Installation Incentives (Home, Work, Public) Free Parking Building Codes to Include Home Charging Enablers Free Charging
PEV Infrastructure Readiness Top 12 Messages Primary Audience: Utilities, Utility Regulators and other EV Readiness Stakeholders 1. Be prepared to answer customer questions 2. Offer compelling, low-cost PEV charging programs that are, in fact, low cost after ALL costs are considered 3. Plan to provide individual rate analysis and advise these customers on their best option 4. Provide and/or advocate home charging incentives to offset cost, inconvenience burden to early adopters 5. Plan to work closely with automakers third party home charging installers 6. Assess local distribution grid impacts using Early PEV Customer addresses 7. PEV charging infrastructure priority is on home charging, then workplace charging, then public charging 8. PEV charging priority is on 120-240V 9. Support GoElectricDrive.com, the national industry-collaborative website for consumers 10. Establish an active task force at the state level to coordinate EV stakeholder efforts regionally 11. Walk before we run don t support introduction of disablers that slow the adoption of PEVs by consumers until PEVs reach a stable market share 12. Keep it (everything) Simple -- Minimize cost, complexity, and inconvenience to Customers
Strategy to Achieve a Plug-in Ready City Required Stakeholders: Dedicated Project Leader State Government City/County Government Clean Cities Orgs / AQMD DOT Permitting and Code Officials Utilities (municipal & regional) Regulators/Public Utility Commissions Large Local Employers (as Early Adopters) Local Universities Note: All PEV incentives should use language similar to that used in the federal tax credit (i.e. fully incentivizes 8kWh EREVs) Required Enablers: Establish a marketing and educational outreach plan Establish a local/state incentives plan; Establish a charging infrastructure plan Provide state tax credit for vehicles (>$2,500/16kWh vehicle) and charging equipment and installation at home/multi-family home/workplace/public (up to $3,000/home; $30,000/other site with 10 charge ports) Note: Point-of-sale consumer Eliminate state sales tax on vehicle purchase; incentives more effective than Commit/fund government fleet purchases (200 vehicles) end-of-year tax credits Provide incentives for vehicle purchasers (see above - work with state) and charging equipment and installation (see above - work with state) Install public charging spots in key locations (30 distributed locations; meeting SAE J1772 level 2 (240V) and J2836 standards); refurbish existing charge sites; Establish free parking/charging; Commit/fund government fleet purchases (25 high-profile vehicles) Provide HOV lane access for plug-in vehicles; Eliminate vehicle registration and license fees Prepare for eased/fast/self-permitting of home/public charging installation; Ensure new home/building codes/major renovations provide for vehicle 240V charging Provide rebate for vehicle purchasers (add'l $2,500/16kWh vehicle); Provide and incentivize home/building charging installation electrical service (i.e. provide no/low cost installation financed thru monthly utility bill); Provide free charging or compelling low-cost EV rates (3-4 cents/kwh); Provide "green" electricity options; Commit/fund commercial fleet purchases (25 high-profile vehicles) Employers (3 major corporations) provide work-place charging (25 park/charge spots) and employee vehicle purchase incentives (add'l $2,500/vehicle); Commit/fund corporate fleet purchases (25 vehicles) Provide campus charging and free parking (10 distributed charging locations); Commit/fund university fleet purchases (5 high-profile vehicles)