Emerging Technologies Panel

Transcription

1 Emerging Technologies Panel Micah Allen Manager, E SOURCE Utility Economic Forum Friday, May

2 E SOURCE Membership-based energy research and consulting firm in Boulder, Colorado Unbiased research and analysis Fuel neutral Product neutral Vendor neutral Serving the entire energy market, including service providers and top-tier energy managers Staff of 73 people 2009 E SOURCE 2

3 Aerogel, A New Flavor of Jello? Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech 3

4 What is it? A gel with the liquid replaced with a gas >90% air by volume Translucent Great insulator R-Value ~10/inch (fiberglass=~4-7/inch) Hard and brittle Expensive to manufacture Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech 4

5 Reducing thermal bridging Heat flows around insulation through wall studs A Oak Ridge study found that aerogel strips improved the overall R value of a wall with steel studs by 30% Current prices are $0.99 per linear foot 5

6 Electric Vehicles (EVs) Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) Nissan Leaf courtesy: Chevy Volt courtesy: media.gm.com 6

7 Electricity Vs Combustion The fundamental reasons why the electric car has not attained the popularity it deserves are (1) The failure of the manufacturers to properly educate the general public regarding the wonderful utility of the electric; (2) The failure of [power companies] to make it easy to own and operate the electric by an adequate distribution of charging and boosting stations. The early electrics of limited speed, range and utility produced popular impressions which still exist. ~Electrical World magazine 2009 E SOURCE

8 Electricity Vs Combustion The fundamental reasons why the electric car has not attained the popularity it deserves are (1) The failure of the manufacturers to properly educate the general public regarding the wonderful utility of the electric; (2) The failure of [power companies] to make it easy to own and operate the electric by an adequate distribution of charging and boosting stations. The early electrics of limited speed, range and utility produced popular impressions which still exist. ~Electrical World magazine, May E SOURCE

9 Electric Vehicles (EVs) Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) Nissan Leaf courtesy: Electric Horseless Carriage (EHC) 2011 Chevy Volt courtesy: media.gm.com 1912 Baker Electric courtesy: 9

10 Electric Vehicles Are Coming U.S. federal government is promoting them via the broad EV Project Most major auto manufacturers have EV products, prototypes, or R&D Standards are being set as it rolls out Early adopters are already investing Many utilities are independently preparing infrastructure 10

11 Where Do You Live? Map of planned infrastructure roll-out through EV Project preliminary locations. EV Project Initiative funded via ARRA to roll out 4,700 Nissan Leafs and 11,210 charging stations Pilot cities: Phoenix, Arizona Tucson, Arizona San Diego, California Portland, Oregon Eugene, Oregon Corvallis, Oregon Seattle, Washington Nashville, Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee Chattanooga, Tennessee 11

12 EVs Cost More, but Are Cheap to Drive Fuel ($/mile) Chevy Volt (PHEV) $0.03 Nissan Leaf (PEV) $0.03 Cost ~$40,000 (up to $7,500 tax credit) $32,780 (up to $7,500 tax credit) 40-mpg car $0.06 $25,000 Notes: PHEV running 4 miles/kwh and paying $0.12/kWh; 40-mpg car paying $2.50/gallon; tax credit from ARRA. 12

13 Ideal Applications Vehicles that Take short trips with frequent braking Return to the same place each night Spend time idling Have minimal time on the highway Courtesy: Bright Automotive (due out in 2013) 13

14 Smart Car, Meet Intelligent Grid Capable G2V: Charging Smart V2G-half: Smart Charging Brilliant V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage Plug-in Smart Car courtesy: Smartusa.com 14

15 G2V: Grid-to-Vehicle Charging Replace gas stations with outlets Some vehicles could use a normal plug, but there are alternatives: Capable Smart G2V: Charging V2G-half: Smart Charging Brilliant V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage Compilation of PEV plugs courtesy: 15

16 G2V: First, Let s Get Charging Right As of October 09 there is a North American Standard Plug: SAE J1772 Delivers up to 16.8 kw via V AC UL certified for safety Supports 2-way communication All major auto manufacturers will use this standard Many charging stations are 2-way communications capable, but no utilities are asking for it (yet) Conclusion: Early adopters, adopt! Capable Smart Brilliant G2V: Charging V2G-half: Smart Charging V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage/Generation Yazaki SAE J1772 compliant charger 16

17 V2G: Using a Vehicle to Charge the Grid EVs used as mobile electricity storage and grid stabilization devices Cars could be distributed generation Charge the grid during peak demand Stabilize local grid fluctuations Provide regulation services Capable Smart Brilliant G2V: Charging V2G-half: Smart Charging V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage/Generation 17

18 V2G: Challenges with Mobile Electric Storage Batteries lose performance each time they are cycled How much, and when, will a driver accept some of their stored power siphoned off? Capable Smart Brilliant G2V: Charging V2G-half: Smart Charging V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage/Generation 18

19 V2G-half: Smart Charging Much of the capacity of V2G, without many of the headaches Capable G2V: Charging Control the rate of charging based on utility signals, never discharge Pacific Northwest National Labs developed a Smart Charger Controller system Wirelessly communicates, via Zigbee, to smart meter for rate schedules Allows mobile billing Determines and applies most costeffective charging strategy Recognizes when grid is under stress, and automatically reduces charging Licensed to Zap cars in April 2010 Smart Brilliant V2G-half: Smart Charging V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage/Generation Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Labs 19

20 It is Time to Promote Charging Off Peak Capable G2V: Charging 30 PG&E Summer Weekday TOU rates for EVs Smart V2G-half: Smart Charging Cents/KWh Brilliant V2G: Mobile Distributed Storage/Generation

21 Emerging Technology: Solar Canopy Experimental office lighting system Structured Surface Physics Laboratory at University of British Colombia Direct daylight more than 20m (~66ft) into building core Models show reduction in energy for building lighting by at least 25% Outperforms PV-powered electric lighting 7:1 Finalist for the BC Hydro PowerSmart Excellence Award Courtesy: University of British Columbia Structured Surface Physics Laboratory 2009 E SOURCE Confidential: Not for distribution outside subscribing organization E 21 SOURCE

22 Solar Canopy Component Sunlight collector Two sets of 35-mirror concentrators on universal joints Only two inexpensive actuators to control it within 1 Redirecting mirrors focus it into the building Can be set up to block high summer sun from lower windows 2009 E SOURCE Courtesy: University of British Columbia Structured Surface Physics Laboratory Confidential: Not for distribution outside subscribing organization E 22 SOURCE

23 Light Guide Component Daylight channel and integrated dimmable fluorescent lights Highly reflective surface on top and sides channels light Prismatic film on bottom only allows some light through Dimmable T-5 fluorescent lighting tracks lighting levels Reflective Film Fluorescent lamps Extractor Optical lighting film Courtesy: University of British Columbia Structured Surface Physics Laboratory 2009 E SOURCE Confidential: Not for distribution outside subscribing organization E 23 SOURCE

24 Solar Canopy Illumination System Prototype to a building Experimental building Great Northern Way Campus in Vancouver, Canada Implemented on building at British Colombia Institute of Technology in Burnaby, Canada Lights can be switched off up to six hours during typical working day in Canada Components expected to be inexpensive when manufactured Courtesy: University of British Columbia Structured Surface Physics Laboratory 2009 E SOURCE Confidential: Not for distribution outside subscribing organization E 24 SOURCE

25 Pneumatic systems Benefits: Well known technology Components last for a long time Drawbacks: Low level of functionality/flexibility Limited setback capabilities Energy waste Maintenance can be costly No data collection/trending capabilities Courtesy Cypress Envirosystems 25

26 Direct digital control (DDC) systems Benefits: Simplicity High level of functionality Programmable Remote access/control Enables participation in utility demand response programs Drawbacks: Expensive to retrofit existing systems Time consuming to implement 26

27 Cypress Envirosystems approach Individual components wireless digital versions Cypress offers: Pneumatic thermostats Steam trap monitors Gauge readers Transducer readers Freezer monitors Courtesy Cypress Envirosystems 27

28 Pneumatic thermostat Features: Zone-by-zone temperature scheduling Remote monitoring Tracks after-hours HVAC usage Can send notifications Works with BASs Courtesy Cypress Envirosystems 28

29 Wireless gauge and transducer readers Gauge reader features: Fits over existing gauges Much less expensive than traditional transducers Transducer reader features: Compatible with flow meters, current meters, weigh scales, particle counters Courtesy Cypress Envirosystems 29

30 Steam trap monitor EIA: Average of 15-25% of steam traps are leaking at any given time. Steam traps are typically only inspected once a year Courtesy Cypress Envirosystems 30

31 How well do these work? Santa Clara County Department of Facilities and Fleet recently installed a number of thermostats Installation took roughly 5 minutes per thermostat Installed cost of $175,000 for 350 thermostats Average energy savings of 7%; maintenance costs were halved Simple payback period of around 16 months Opens up opportunities for demand response 31

32 High Bay LED with Wireless Control LED high-bay fixture from Digital Lumens, Courtesy: Digital Lumens 32

33 High Bay LED with Wireless Control Courtesy: Digital Lumens 33

34 High Bay LED with Wireless Control Specs 180 W, 8000 lumens $1250/fixture, loaded Features Aimable light bars Thermal Design for longevity/performance Built-in intelligence: wireless mesh network occupancy sensor real-time kwh meter 34

35 High Bay LED with Wireless Control Mesh Network: ZigBee-based Self-organizing Self-healing Low power requirements Scalable to large networks 35

36 High Bay LED with Wireless Control Leading application: Cold storage warehouse Fluorescent output decreases in the cold LEDs get better Claim: 268,000 sq ft facility cut energy use from $225k (with HPS) to $10k/yr (with LED) 36

37 For More Information Micah Allen Manager, Research, E Source [email protected] 37