Infsci1073/Telcom 2727 Application Development for Mobile Devices David Tipper Associate Professor Telecommunications Program University of Pittsburgh dtipper@mail.sis.pitt.edu http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~dtipper/2727.html Slides 1 Course Outline Introduction (Ch1, 2) Mobile application issues Wireless Networks (Ch 3 and Slides) Cellular Networks (2G, 2.5G, 3G), WLANs, WPANs Location Based Systems/Services (Ch 17) Mobile Application Architectures/Platforms and Protocols (Ch4-6,11 and posted articles) WAP, Mobile IP, Wireless Internet, Proxies, Content Adaptation, etc. Smart Client Development (Ch 7-10) : J2ME,.NET CF C#, Server side technology Games Thin Client Development (Ch 12-15) WAP, WML, chtml, XHTML-MP, Voice-XML Case Studies 2 1
Text and Grading Text: Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials, M. Mallick, Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2004 High level overview of application development architectures Will post many links to online tutorial material on software development J2m3, C#, WML, VXML, etc. Grading Homework + Labs (4 labs) 35% Final Exam 35% Term Project 30% Group/individual project that involves developing and deploying mobile applications Past Projects include Interactive Multiplayer Casino games Voice activated and played email reader (Text to speech) Role + Location Based Security Framework PDA based control of rolling steel mill 3 Mobile Communication Systems Wireless Communication System: Any electrical communication system that uses a naturally occurring communication channel, such as air, water, earth. Mobile and Wireless are not interchangeable Wireless vs. Mobile Examples stationary computer, pay phone calling card, call forwarding wireless local loop cell phone, laptop with WLAN Mobile Applications over wireless communication systems focus Communicate over the air via radio-waves Support some form of user mobility Examine how they are different from wired network applications 4 2
Wireless Issues Wireless link implications communications channel is the air poor quality: fading, shadowing, weather, etc. regulated by governments frequency allocated, licensing, etc. limited bandwidth Low bit rate, frequency planning and reuse, interference power issues Power levels regulated (safety issues), conserve mobile terminal battery life security issues wireless channel is a broadcast medium! 5 Mobility Issues Mobility Types User mobility : user can access network while mobile must handoff calls/connections in progress as user moves track users as they move so they can receive info/calls Service mobility: user s services follow them Need to have authentication and services follow user Degree of Mobility Geographic range ranges from a house/apartment to worldwide Speed ranges from stationary to bullet train cordless phone vs. cell phone Mobility portable device 6 3
Device Issues Mobile Device Issues Portability Device and accessories size and weight Usability User characteristics (size, dexterity, knowledge, etc.) Environment characteristics (Temperature, degree of mobility, etc) Device Characteristics startup time data integrity and security cpu speed and memory size power supply user interface (keypad, stylus, voice, etc.) Functionality (standalone, network dependent) Connectability (always, partial, never) In general have a limited power supply, user interface and speed compared to stationary device 7 Mobile Devices Pager receive only tiny displays simple text messages two way pagers Sensors, embedded controllers Mobile phones voice, data simple text displays simplified WWW PDA graphical displays character recognition WWW Simple versions of standard applications Palmtop tiny keyboard simple versions of standard applications Laptop and Tablet PC fully functional standard applications Performance and Cost 8 4
2.5/3G/WLAN Mobile Devices More Internet-friendly interface Wide, color screens More flexible to support new applications Voice Video telephony capabilities Web browsing Web Games Electronic postcards Location-based services Streaming applications Various I/O modes/interfaces Keypad, voice recognition, character recognition, pen based, touch screen, etc. 9 Mobile Terminal Market Trend is to combine phone with other handheld devices 10 5
Human Interaction Constraints Usability Issues with: Size (too big and too small) Errors (too many, unnatural I/O) Speed (refresh rates not instantaneous) Power (battery life too short) Functions provided GUI design appropriate for user s task? Training and Documentation issues Goldilocks and the Three Bears Problem Unlikely to get one all purpose portable device (despite I-Phone hype!) 11 Wireless Networks Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) Cellular Networks : GSM, cdmaone (IS-95), UMTS, cdma2000 EVDO Satellite Networks: Iridium, Globalstar, GPS, etc. Wireless Metro Area Networks (WMANs) IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) IEEE 802.11, a, b, g, etc. (infrastructure, ad hoc, sensor) Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth), IrDa, Zigbee, sensor, etc. 13 6
Wireless Networks Network Geographic Coverage Typical Throughput Standards WWANs National, Continent wide 2G: 9.6 45 Kbps, 2.5G: 50-300 Kbps 3G : 50kbsp- 2Mbps 3.5G:.1 10 Mbps 2G: GSM, cdmaone 2.5G: GPRS, cdma 2000 1X-rtt 3G: UMTS, cdma2000 1x-EDVO 3.5G: HSPDA WMANs Metro, suburb, campus 1-15 km 100 Mbps IEEE 802.16 WLANs In building, campus wide, subdivision wide, Range ~ 100 M per AP 1-106 Mbps IEEE 80211a, b, g, etc. WPANs 5-10 M around device.1 1Mbps IEEE 802.15 IrDa, BlueTooth, Zigbee 14 Evolving Hybrid Network Architecture WWAN LEGEND Switch & mobility and radio resource management Public Switched Telephone or Public Data Network LAN Segment Laptops Handheld PCs Switch Base Station Multimedia terminal WLAN Access Point WPAN Horizontal or Intratech Handoff Vertical or Inter-tech Handoff Router Cell 15 7
Mobile Applications Wireless Service is nice BUT to do anything need networked applications In this course focus on the applications deployed on top of wireless networks Voice, data and value added service Examine existing (SMS) and evolving services (LBS) Study Technologies that enable services Wireless networks, Location tracking, mobile application platforms, etc. Protocols: WAP, Mobile IP, Bluetooth, etc. Software: J2ME, C#, V-XML, etc. What are the components, how do they work and are deployed What are the issues unique to mobile information systems security, reliability, mobility, device characteristics, etc. Goal to be Smart Integrators 16 Evolving Applications Focus on data based services and value added applications Mobile Internet Access Mobile Intranet/Extranet Access Personalized Infotainment Video, audio, games, etc. Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Location Based Services (LBS) Rich Voice Theme Multi-mode (multi-media) media) service Community and identity 17 8
Example: Expert on Call Something doesn t seem right. Am I testing the right circuit? This is the one I m working on. No, that s not the correct one. Scan to the left, I ll tell you to stop when you get to the right spot. Expert technician at field site #2. Less experienced technician at field site #1. Streaming Media, Real-time voice, Best Effort Data Convergence Feasible with 3G technology 18 Sample Multimodal Applications Travel information Make request via voice Receive response in text Directions Make request via voice Receive initial response in text Get updates while traveling via voice or SMS or map One-to-many messaging Record message via voice or text Deliver message via voice, SMS, or email Location Based Services List of coffee houses in neighborhood, List of friends in neighborhood Directions to nearest X 19 9
Example Application After one week I am going to teach my phone my habits. Looks cool! Marie buys a new phone. She is showing it to her friend Susie. The device has learnt where Marie likes to visit and what she does. Your phone is beeping Look, it remembers! Marie gives names to positions. Marie leaves to work, surprised that her phone helped her not to be late. 20 More Multimodal Examples Text or voice menus when accessing system Voice to hear message Voice or text to select item from menus Unified communications While listening to a voice message from a customer, obtain a text display of recent customer activity Proximity Video Dating (3) View Video Clips of prospective dates in general area Emergency response team SMS and voice alert Voice conference, and text updates, while traveling to site of emergency Scan bar code of product Get ratings from Consumer Reports or other reference group Location based museum tours with PDA Asset location with WLANs and LAN ID tags 21 10
Video and Data Let s see if We need to the buy kids some are flowers How for about the okay. party. this? Let me Do show you like you the a few bouquets. vase? This I like is perfect! the roses. Can I have them In a different vase? 3G Next Done Call Next Done Call 3G Party 1 Dad Voice Connection 1-800-Flowers. How can I help you? Data Connection Voice Connection Video Connection Party 2 Mom Landline Party 3 Day Care 22 Early Deployments Cricket/Football matches (Hutchinson) SMS or Ring alert at start of coverage Live voice coverage or text updates or video Festival Information delivery (SFR France) SMS broadcast with phone # & URL Choice of text display or voice (text-to-speech) Proximity Video Dating (3) View Video Clips of prospective dates in general area Location based museum tours with PDA Asset location with WLANs and LAN ID tags (PANGO Networks) 23 11
Asset Location Deploy WLAN in hospital Equipment given LAN ID tags Query to find. 24 Network Operators Need Applications M-Office E-Mail Infoprovision E-Pay Brokering Advertising Instant Messaging Telematics Music Video Map based Info Personal Info Management Health Care Video Conferencing New Applications provided by 3rd Parties, Operators Ticketing Banking Gambling Telemetry Dispatch Application Platforms/Portals Internet Access Intranet Access Infotainment MMS LBS Rich Voice Services Categories provided by Operators 25 12
Mobile Application Types Services can be classified in several ways Mode of Interaction Human to human (voice, instant messaging, etc) Human to content (email, web browsing, playing video, etc.) Human to machine (voice mail, scheduling, etc) Machine to machine (printing file, exchange of address books, etc) Paradigm client server, peer to peer, standalone User Consumer vs Business (B2B, B2C, B2E) Mobile specialized vs. Mobile extension 26 Consumer vs Enterprise Consumer Standard Internet Applications web browsing, gaming, music download, e-commerce Mobility based applications, location-based services, micro-payment, mobile ticketing, m-commerce Wide range of devices Performance is key Price sensitive Enterprise Standard Business Applications e-mail, calendar, voucher, vendor payment, document sharing M-office Customer relations info Mobility based applications Data entry in the field Field service info Transportation and logistics More uniform high end devices Security is a key Performance is also important Willing to pay more 27 13
The Tale of Two Perspectives Enterprise Customer Focus Business Value, ROI and Application Deployment Issues! Not Technology Mobile Vendor Focus Selling mobile technology hype Selling unrealistic solutions e.g., m- commerce portals Vendors are ignoring customers demands: show me how to make or save money using mobile? 28 Mobile Specialized vs Mobile Extension Information and Content Voice Video WIRELESS ACCESS MOBILITY REALTIME Internet Access Intranet/ Extranet Access Customised infotainment Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) Locationbased Servics Rich Voice and Simple Voice Mobile Extension Mobile Portal Mobile Specialised Services Slide adopted from UMTS forum 29 14
Actors in Mobile Applications Wireless operators and Service Provider Provides connectivity, billing and CRM Hardware/software Vendors both terminals and infrastructure Software Infrastructure providers middleware and application development tools System Integrators/Application Developers Content Providers 30 Value Chain? Traditional Services Model (Voice, Fax, Data, SMS) End-to-End Connection Security, QoS, Billing Terminal A Wireless Access Network Access + Transport Network e.g. PSTN Terminal B Terminal Wireless Access Network Transport Network ISP Portal Content Content-related Services Model (e.g., Infotainment) 31 15
Revenues for Service Providers? Service Providers expect to charge for Mobile Internet Access (3% revenue 2010) Service fee, airtime Mobile Intranet/Extranet Access (15% revenue 2010) Service fee, airtime, roaming, value added (security) Personalized Infotainment (28% revenue 2010) Service fee, revenue sharing with content provider/portals Multimedia Message Service (15% revenue 2010) Messaging Location Based Services (3% of revenue 2010) Service fee, revenue sharing with content provider/applications Rich Voice (34% revenue 2010) Service fee, airtime, roaming 32 Next Innovation Mobile Apps?? % Adoption MATURITY Cascading S-Curves GROWTH Mainframe Minicomputer (30 years) PC Client-Server (15 years) Web E-commerce E-business (7+ years) Mobile Solutions Web Services (?) INNOVATION Time 80 s 90 s 00 05 Issue: How and When should firms make the shift from the E-Business S curve to Mobile? 33 16
Enablers Wireless network development Increased bandwidth/data rate Falling costs Always on capability WLAN hotspots Mobile Devices Fast development More connectivity, computing power and autonomy, but lower size, weight and cost More functionality camera, mms, radio, gps, compass, upc scanner, etc. More input options/features: voice, pen based, touch screen, etc. Software Infrastructure wap, xml, VXML, J2ME,.NET CF, Device emulators, etc. Smart Clients mobile databases, synchronization technology Standardization Software, protocols and hardware (e.g., Bluetooth). etc.. 34 Challenges for mobile applications Wireless Network Issues Coverage Bandwidth Latency Reliability Cost Heterogeneity Security 35 17
Challenges for mobile applications Mobile device diversity Screen resolution CPU and Memory Input/Output solution Operating system Autonomy, Size and Weight Battery Life Security Connectivity solution Integration with existing systems Support of current and future devices Content formating/adaption 36 Mobile Application Space Social Network Device Network Wireless Network Transport Network Content Network 37 18