How To Design The Web And The Internet

Transcription

1 1 The Environment and the Tools Web Design, 4 th Edition Chapter Objectives Describe the Internet and the World Wide Web Discuss ways to access the Internet and the Web Categorize types of Web sites Identify Web design tools Explain Web design roles Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 2 The Internet and the World Wide Web The Internet and the World Wide Web A network is composed of several computers, printers, and data file storage devices connected together to share computing resources and data The Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia, industry, and the government to increase the Internet s possibilities and correct some of its challenges Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 3 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 4 The Internet and the World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW or Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which Web pages are stored A Web site is a group of related Web pages Starts with a home page Pages are linked together with a hyperlink, or link Surfing the Web Influence on Society Communication Education Entertainment and News Business Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 5 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 6 1

2 Communication Communication Bookmarking / favorites Electronic mail ( ) Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Web-based chat IM chat Collaborative workspaces Virtual meeting spaces Weblog (blog) Video sharing (video blogging) Social networking Social bookmarking Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) 3D virtual worlds Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 7 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 8 Education Formal and informal teaching and learning Enhances traditional teaching methods Instructors often use the Web to publish podcasts or videos of lectures, Web page links for research, syllabi and grades, and more for their students Entertainment and News Popular entertainment sites include music, videos, sports, games, and more News Web sites allow you to read news stories, and some even allow you to watch video clips Some provide interactive elements Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 9 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 10 Business Electronic commerce (ecommerce) encompasses a wide variety of online business activities, including consumer shopping and investing and the exchange of business data and transactions within a company or among multiple companies Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Cable Television Lines Allows users to connect to the Internet through their cable line Rapid transfer rates using a cable modem connected to a CATV line Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 11 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 12 2

3 Cable Television Lines Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Internet connectivity that uses satellite technology instead of telephone lines Radio signals provide high-speed connection Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Standards classified by generation 3G 4G Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 13 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 14 Telephone Line Access The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) used to be the main way all users connected to the Internet Dial-Up Lines A dial-up line is a temporary connection that uses one or more analog phone lines Least popular Internet access method Two versions of Internet access using dial-up lines Regular dial-up High-speed dial-up Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 15 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 16 Digital Dedicated Lines A dedicated line is a connection that always is established between two communications devices Can be analog or digital Quality, consistency, and speed of the connection are better than a dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines Dedicated Lines Three popular types of digital dedicated lines Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) T-carrier Lines T-1 line Fractional T-1 line T-3 line Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 17 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 18 3

4 ISDN Lines Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN allows a single telephone line to carry three or more signals (multiplexing) Faster than dial-up DSL Digital Subscriber Line Transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some installations can provide a dial tone Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Faster to receive data than to send data Ideal for Internet users Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 19 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 20 T-carrier Lines Any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Extremely fast data transfer rates T1 Line Most popular T-carrier line Fractional T1 T3 Line Equivalent to 28 T1 lines Internet Service Providers Internet Service Provider (ISP) Has permanent Internet connection Provides temporary connections Regional ISP National ISP EarthLink Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 21 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 22 Web Browsers A Web browser is a specific software program that requests, downloads, and displays Web pages stored on a Web server Web Browsers Access Web pages by entering its Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into the Web browser s Address bar URL is comprised of the protocol, domain name and top-level domain designation Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Domain name can be an IP address or a text version of this address Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 23 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 24 4

5 Web Browsers Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices Handheld computers Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Smartphones Netbooks Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 25 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 26 Types of Web Sites Personal Personal Organizational / Topical Limited developmental resources Uses: Promote employment credentials Share news and photos with friends and family Share common interests or hobbies Do not post information that can be misused Commercial Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 27 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 28 Organizational / Topical Organization Web sites contain information on particular organizations Topical Web sites contain information on the developer s interests and hobbies Not all information is accurate Commercial Used to promote and sell a product or service More sophisticated commercial Web sites generally produce greater revenue Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 29 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 30 5

6 Search Tools Search Tools Web-based search tools Search engines Keywords Metasearch engines Search directories Search engines might use a variety of methods to create its index Spiders or robots Meta tags Search engine optimization (SEO) Subject directories Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 31 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 32 Portals A portal is a Web site that offers a starting point for accessing information General consumer portal Personal portal Vertical portal Corporate portal Hyperlocal portal Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 33 Web Design Tools Does the new technology meet currently accepted standards for Web development and design? What specifically can the new technology do to further the purpose of my Web site? How will implementation of the new technology affect my Web site s visual appeal, accessibility, and usability? What impact will adding this technology have on security and other Web site elements? What are the direct and indirect costs of implementing the new technology? How soon will I see a return on investing in this new technology? Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 34 Markup Languages Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Extensible Markup Language (XML) Extensible HTML (XHTML) Wireless Markup Language (WML) Hypertext Markup Language Markup language used to create Web pages Defines a Web page through tags or markups World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) sets standards for HTML Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 35 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 36 6

7 Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible HTML (XHTML), and Wireless Markup Language (WML) XML uses markups to define the content of a Web page XHTML is a markup language that is a combination of the features of XML and HTML WML is a subset of XML Used to design Web pages for microbrowsers on handheld computers, PDAs, and smartphones Cascading Style Sheets Standardize the presentation of the content by applying styles to such elements Font Margins Positioning Background colors Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 37 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 38 Scripting Languages Short programs that run on the server or the browser Browsers must support this technology Scripting languages Javascript Active Server Pages (ASP) PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) MySql Active content Malware Text and HTML Editors A text editor is software used to create plain (ASCII) text files An HTML editor is a text editor enhanced with special features that are used to more easily insert HTML tags and their attributes HTML-Kit CoffeeCup BBEdit NoteTab Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 39 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 40 WYSIWYG Packages that automatically generate HTML code There are packages available for every level of expertise Microsoft Expression Web Adobe Dreamweaver Web Templates and Other Design Technologies A Web template is a predesigned model that can be customized for fast Web site or Web page creation or updating An intranet is a private network within a large organization or commercial entity that uses Internet and Web technologies to share information among only its members, employees, or business partners A content management system (CMS) facilitates the management of Web content development Content repository Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 41 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 42 7

8 Web Design Roles Web design can be done independently or with a partner or group Creative Role Content writer / editor Web page designer Web artist / graphic designer Multimedia producer Web Design Roles Hi-Tech Role Web programmer Database developer Network / security administrator Oversight Role Content managers Webmaster Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 43 Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 44 Chapter Summary Describe the Internet and the World Wide Web Discuss ways to access the Internet and the Web Categorize types of Web sites Identify Web design tools Explain Web design roles 1 The Environment and the Tools Web Design, 4 th Edition Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 45 8