Sixth Iberoamerican and Interamerican Workshop for Science and Technology Indicators Buenos Aires Sept. 15, 2004 Construction of Indicators on human resources Higher Education Indicators Jean Johnson- National Science Foundation
Construction of Indicators on human resources Higher Education Indicators S&E first university degrees (bachelor s) Ratio of university degrees to the population Ratio of science & engineering degrees to the population
First university S&E degrees earned by region: 2001 Number 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Asia Engineering Social Natural Math/computer European Union The Americas SOURCES: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and Brazilian Ministry of Education, CAPES.
Trends in population of 20- to 24-year-olds, by selected countries and regions: 1980 2015 Thousands 140,000 120,000 China 100,000 80,000 India Africa 60,000 40,000 South America Western Europe 20,000 United States Japan 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Science & Engineering Indicators 2004
Ratio of first university degrees to the collegeage population, selected countries: 2001 China Venezuela Greece Brazil Czech Republic Mexico Portugal Costa Rica Canada Spain 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Degrees per 100 of college-age population SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004
Ratio of first university NS&E degrees to college-age population, selected countries: 2001 Brazil Venezuela Greece Portugal Mexico Costa Rica Czech Republic United States Canada Spain 0 2 4 6 8 10 Degrees per 100 of college-age population NS&E = natural sciences and engineering NOTE: Natural sciences include physical, biological, earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences, mathematics and computer sciences. SOURCES: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and Brazilian Ministry of Education.
S&E doctoral degrees Snapshot Regions Latin American countries
S&E doctoral degrees earned by region: 2001 25,000 20,000 Natural/agriculture Engineering Social Math/computer Number 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 European Union The Americas Asia NOTE: Countries/economies included within each region listed in Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, appendix table 2-36. SOURCES: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and Brazilian Ministry of Education, CAPES.
S&E doctoral degrees earned in the Americas, by selected countries: 2001 Costa Rica Bolivia Mexico Canada Brazil U.S. 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Number SOURCES: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and Brazilian Ministry of Education, CAPES.
S&E doctoral degrees earned in selected Latin American countries: 2001 Chile Argentina Costa Rica Bolivia Mexico Brazil 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Number SOURCE: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004.
Latin American S&E doctoral recipients in U.S. and U.K. universities: 1990-2002 Numbe 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 U.S. U.K. SOURCES: Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA), Cheltenham and National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.
U.S. S&E doctoral recipients from Latin American countries: 1980, 1990-2002 800 700 Latin America total 600 500 Numbe 400 300 200 100 0 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Mexico SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates. 2001 Brazil Argentina 2002
U.K. S&E doctoral recipients from Latin American countries: 1995-2002 250 200 Latin America total Numbe 150 100 50 0 Mexico Brazil Argentina 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 S OURCE: Higher Education S tatistics Agency (HES A), Cheltenham
Chinese S&E doctoral recipients in Chinese and U.S. universities: 1985-2002 8,000 Number 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Chinese universities U.S. universities 0 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 SOURCES: China-Educational Yearbook; National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.
Mexican S&E doctoral recipients within Mexican, U.S., and U.K. universities: various years 1,200 1,000 Mexican Number 800 600 400 200 0 U.K. U.S. 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 SOURCES: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates; Asociacion Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Educacion Superior (ANUIS); Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA)
Taiwanese S&E doctoral recipients at Taiwanese and U.S. universities: 1975-2002 1,400 Number 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 Taiwan universities U.S. universities 0 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 SOURCES: Taiw an-educational Statistics of the Republic of China; National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.
S&E doctoral degrees earned in Brazilian universities and by Brazilian students in U.K. and U.S. universities 4,500 4,000 3,500 Numbe 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Brazil U.S. U.K. 0 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 SOURCES: Brazilian Ministry of Science & Technology, U.K. Higher Education Statistics Agency, and U.S. Survey of Earned Doctorates.
S&E foreign graduate student enrollment in selected countries, by field: 2001 United States United Kingdom Japan NA Engineering Social/behavioral sciences Mathematics/computer sciences Natural/agricultural sciences 0 10 20 30 40 50 Percent NA not available Science & Engineering Indicators - 2004
Foreign S&E graduate students and postdoctorates in the U.S.: 1983-2002 Number in thousand 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 Total foreign graduate students First year graduate students 20 0 Postdoctorates 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 Source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2002.
S&E doctoral degrees earned by foreign students in selected countries, by field: 2001 Germany Social/behavioral sciences Natural/agricultural sciences Japan NA Mathematics/computer sciences Engineering France United Kingdom United States NA not available SOURCE: Science & Engineering Indicators 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Percent
Plans of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates to stay in United States: 1990 2001 Number 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Foreign doctoral recipients Firm plans to stay 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 NOTE: Foreign doctorate-holders include permanent or temporary residents. SOURCE: Science & Engineering Indicators 2004
Foreign Student Flows Graduate S&E enrollment Foreign student share of U.S. degrees Foreign doctoral recipients Plans to stay
S&E doctoral degrees earned by Latin American students in U.S. universities and their plans to stay: 1980, 1990-2002 Number 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 S&E doctorates in U.S. Firm plans to stay in U.S. 0 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.
Stay rates of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctoral degrees, by place of origin: 1990 and 2001 India China United Kingdom 2001 1990 Canada France South Korea Germany Taiwan Mexico Brazil 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent NOTE: Stay rate re fe rs to firm plans to stay at the tim e of degre e conferral. SOURCE: Science and Engineering Indicators 2004
Firm plans of Latin American S&E doctoral recipients to stay in the U.S., selected countries: 1990-2001 350 300 All L.A. Numb 250 200 150 Mexico Brazil 100 50 Arge ntina 0 1980 1992 1995 1998 2001 SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statis tics, Surve y of Earne d Doctorate s.
Scientific Mobility NSF SESTAT database Foreign-born S&E Degree holders residing in the U.S. By level of education By occupation group By sector of employment By research activity
Foreign-born residents in the United States who hold an S&E degree as their highest degree, by education level: 1993-1999 Bachelor's Master's Doctorate 1993 1995 1997 1999 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Number in thousands National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT.
U.S. residents whose highest degree is in S&E, by highest degree level and region of birth: 1999 Latin America Doctorate Master's Europe Asia Bachelor's 0 100 200 300 400 Number in thousands NOTES: Europe includes Eastern and Western Europe and the Former Soviet Union; Latin A merica includes Caribbean countries. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT.
Latin American residents in the United States who hold an S&E degree as their highest degree, by education level, selected countries: 1999 Brazil Peru Argentina Colombia Doctorate Master's Bachelor's Jamaica Cuba Mexico 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Number National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT.
Foreign-born S&E degree holders in United States, by occupation group: 1993-1999 Physical Life Math/Comp Engineering 1993 1995 1997 1999 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Number in thousands National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT
Foreign-born scientists and engineers in the United States, by occupation group and region of birth: 1999 Engineering Math/Computer Life Physical Latin America Europe Asia 0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 150,000 180,000 Num be r SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT.
Latin-American born scientists and engineers in the United States, by occupation group, selected countries: 1999 Peru Venezuela Argentina Engineering Math/Computer Life Physical Colombia Jamaica Cuba Mexico 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Number SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT.
Foreign-born scientists and engineers in the United States by sector of employment: 1993-1999 Business Education Government 1993 1995 1997 1999 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Number in thousands National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statis tics, SESTAT
Foreign-born scientists and enginers by sector of employment: selected regions, 1999 Government Latin America Europe Education Asia Business 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Number in thousands
Latin American scientists and engineers in the United States, by sector of employment: selected countries, 1999 Peru Venezuela Argentina Colombia Government Education Business Jamaica Cuba Mexico 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 Number NOTE: Data on government for Peru and Venezuela are suppressed f or small numbers. SOURCE:National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT
U.S. scientists and engineers who perform R&D as a primary activity, by place of birth: 1993-1999 2,500 Number in thousa 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Native-born Foreign-born 0 1993 1995 1997 1999 National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT
Foreign-born scientists and engineers in the United States who perform R&D as a primary activity, by selected regions: 1993-1999 Number in thousa 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1993 1995 1997 1999 Asia Europe Latin America National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT
Latin American-born scientists and engineers in the U.S. who perform R&D as a primary activity, selected countries: 1999 Brazil Peru Venezuela Arge ntina Colombia Jamaica Cuba Mexico 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Number SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT
For further information: International Degree Data and Foreign Student Flows in: Science & Engineering Indicators 2004, Chapter on Higher Education Methodology section for all reports available on web: National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs