Progetto MICS Abilitazioni Macchine Giornata Nazionale di Formazione Formatori MACCHINE MOVIMENTO TERRA in collaborazione con ASCOMAC / CANTIERMACCHINE FEDERUNACOMA / COMAMOTER Milano 10 Luglio 2012 Ing. Antonino Bonanno IMAMOTER-C.N.R. Sede ANIMA via Scarsellini 13 - Milano
Norma di riferimento ROPS per le MMT: ISO 3471:2008 Earth-moving machinery Roll-over protective structures Laboratory tests and performance requirements Per gli escavatori la norma di riferimento è la ISO 12117-1/2 This part of ISO 12117 provides a test method for rollover protective structures (ROPS) for hydraulic excavators of over 6 t used in earth-moving. Unlike the machines covered by ISO 3471, hydraulic excavators feature large attachments which affect the required performance capability of the ROPS. Therefore, the test method and criteria required for hydraulic excavators are different from those needed for the other earthmoving machines.
ROPS Per gli escavatori la norma di riferimento è la ISO 12117-1/2
dozer; loader; backhoe loader; dumper; pipelayer; roller; tractor section (prime mover) of a combination machine (e.g. tractor scraper, articulated frame dumper); grader; landfill compactor; trencher. Si applica a macchine con una massa maggiore o uguale ai 700 kg: Norma di riferimento ROPS per le MMT: ISO 3471:2008 Earth-moving machinery Roll-over protective structures Laboratory tests and performance requirements
Norma di riferimento ROPS per le MMT: ISO 3471:2008 Earth-moving machinery Roll-over protective structures Laboratory tests and performance requirements I punti di applicazione del carico dipendono dalla struttura. I requisiti da soddisfare (energia, forza) dipendono dalla massa complessiva della macchina Pagine da ISO 3471_2008_E.pdf
Norma specifica per gli escavatori: ISO 12117-2:2008 Earth-moving machinery Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators Part 2: Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6 t Rischi coperti dal ROPS per escavatore. I limiti da rispettare sono specificate al punto 8 della ISO 12117. ISO 12117-2_2008_E.p df ROPS will ensure minimum crush protection space for a seat-belted operator when the machine rolls 360 about longitudinal axis of its revolving frames without losing contact with a hard clay slope of less than 30. ROPS is to be applied where the risk of roll-over exists.
Norma specifica per gli escavatori: ISO 12117-2:2008 Earth-moving machinery Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators Part 2: Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6 t Rischi coperti dal ROPS per escavatore. I limiti da rispettare sono specificate al punto 8 della ISO 12117. ISO 12117-2_2008_E.pdf It also applies to ROPS for excavatorbased or derivated excavators used in object or material handling, demolition or with attachments such as magnets, clamshell, grab or multi-claw grab. ROPS meeting the requirements of this part of ISO 12117 shall be labelled according to 9.2 and 9.3.
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards Rischi coperti da FGPS e FOPS per escavatore This International Standard establishes a consistent, repeatable test procedure and performance requirements for evaluating operator-protective guarding that undergo loading. Such guards are usually intended to provide excavator operators with reasonable protection against objects (e.g. rocks and debris) which would otherwise penetrate the operators station from the front or top.
Rischi coperti da FGPS e FOPS per escavatore
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards Nel caso di caduta di oggetti dall alto FOPS 5.1.2 Drop test object for Level II testing, made of steel, designed as shown in figure 1, and possessing the potential energy required for loading. See 8.1 or 8.2 and figure 2 to determine the mass and/or drop height ratio necessary to obtain the required energy. Typical mass is 227 kg for Level II.
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards Nel caso di caduta di oggetti dall alto FOPS 5.1.1 Drop test object for Level I testing, made of solid steel or ductile iron, with a spherical contact surface and a diameter not exceeding 250 mm (see figure 1), possessing the potential energy required. See 8.1 or 8.2 and figure 2 to determine the mass and/or drop-height ratio necessary to obtain the required energy. Typical mass is 46 kg for Level I.
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards La FGPS protegge dal rischio di intrusione di oggetti nel lato frontale della cabina
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards La FGPS protegge dal rischio di intrusione di oggetti nel lato frontale della cabina The small end of the object shall be entirely within the horizontal projection of the DLV on the front guard closest to the front most point of the DLV and to the centroid of the largest unsupported area on the front guard (i.e.the area not supported by major structural members).
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards 8.1 Top guard test The protective properties of the top guard shall be estimated by the ability of the cab or protective structure to resist impact. The DLV (see ISO 3164) shall not be penetrated by any part of the protective structure under the first or subsequent impacts of the test object at the energy levels listed below: a) Level I: absorbed energy 1 365 J; b) Level II: absorbed energy 11 600 J. If the test object penetrates through the top guard, it shall be considered to have failed the test.
Norma specifica FGPS per gli escavatori: ISO 10262:1998 Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavators Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards 8.2 Front guard test During the test no part of the front guard or the operator station shall penetrate the DLV (see 5.2) at the energy levels for the required performance level a) Level I: absorbed energy 700 J; b) Level II: absorbed energy 5 800 J. If the test object penetrates through the top guard, it shall be considered to have failed the test.
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) Scope This annex specifies the safety requirements for demolition machinery that is designed for demolishing by pushing or pulling, or fragmenting by crushing or shearing, buildings and/or other civil engineering structures and their component parts and/or separating the resultant debris. Specifica delle prescrizioni aggiuntive rispetto al testo base della norma
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.1 Operator s station All demolition machines with a ride-on operator shall be fitted with a cab in accordance with 5.3.1.1. For high reach attachment, the machines shall have an operator station that may be tiltable (see Annex D). For demolition machinery, the maximum tilting angle given in the last sentence of D.1 is replaced by an angle between 0 and 30 on horizontal tilting. Specifica delle prescrizioni aggiuntive rispetto al testo base della norma
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.2.1 Hydraulic systems Pipes and hoses which have to be disconnected in mounting, dismounting and changing of tools operation shall be fitted with selfsealing couplings with built-in check valves or shut-off valves. Couplings shall be marked to ensure correct reconnection. Si vuole evitare che l operatore possa montare i tubi in modo sbagliato.
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) In case of hydraulic failure, a lowering control device on each raising boom and arm cylinder shall be fitted in order to avoid attachment collision with operator station and for stability. For arm cylinders, the device(s) shall be installed at the end which is pressured to raise the arm away from the base machine. La macchina deve essere predisposta in modo che l attrezzo non possa cadere, o far perdere stabilità, in caso di cedimento di una tubatura idraulica
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.6 Protective structures G.2.6.1 General Depending on the type of base machine, demolition machines with ride-on operators shall be fitted with one or more of the protective structures given in 5.3.3 to 5.3.6, The driving and hydraulic compartments shall be protected by location or supplementary protection against the perforation by the bottom and a protection against falling debris Deve montare almeno una struttura di protezione (ROPS, FOPS, FGPS) e deve avere il circuito idraulico in posizione protetta.
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.6.2 Roll-over protective structure (ROPS) Requirement of clause 5.3.3 does not apply for demolition excavators. Gli escavatori da demolizione non necessitano di struttura ROPS (scarsa possibilità di ribaltamento, e secondo voi?)
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.6.3 Falling-object protective structure (FOPS) Demolition machines shall be fitted with a falling object protective structure FOPS complying with 5.3.2.1. of EN 474-5+A1:2009. The minimum requirement for FOPS on demolition excavators is to comply with ISO 10262 Level II.
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.6.4 Front protective structure Demolition machines shall be fitted with a front guard protective structure. The FGPS shall comply with the impact energy level as specified in ISO 10262 Level II. If the demolition machinery is equipped with a tiltable cab, the front protection structure has to comply with the impact energy level as specified in ISO 10262 clause 8.1 b. Alla fine deve montare FOPS, FGPS, perché non il ROPS?
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.2.12.1 Load hooking system For object handling operations, or demolition by the use of a demolition ball, a load hooking system shall be provided which can either be fixed or removed. The system may be located on an attachment, or an arm, or any other part of the machine and shall: Si deve prevedere un sistema di bloccaggio che deve
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) be so located or designed that the risk of being damaged during the demolition operation is minimised; be designed such that unintended unhooking or uncontrolled movement is minimised; have the capacity of at least the maximum rated lift capacity of the machine; be able to withstand a test load of twice the maximum rated lift capacity of the machine. This test load shall be applied in the most unfavourable position of the load hooking system. No permanent deformation of the hooking system is acceptable.
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) G.3.1.1.4 Special safety instructions in the operators manual In order to achieve a satisfactory safety level the following safety instructions shall be given in a separate section in the operators manual: it shall be made clear to the operator where the major risks are and what measures he shall take to make the operation safe; instructions for the use of equipment for monitoring the ambient atmospheric conditions when operating in confined areas; Si deve prevedere un manuale dedicato, inoltre
Macchine da demolizione: nuovo allegato G alla EN 474 (DRAFT) special warnings against actions which can cause injuries to the operator or other persons including, where the demolition operation generates dust, the need for provision of adequate personal protective equipment to eliminate the hazard for personnel working in the danger zone; the need to lower the equipment and/or attachment to the ground at the end of the work. (sembra una stupidaggine, invece )
Attrezzature da demolizione: l importanza del collegamento (Allegato B alla EN 474 parte 1 DRAFT) B.2.1.1 Engagement The attachment bracket shall have an engagement system that meets the following requirements: a) It shall be a positive engagement system, or a wedge type system or a force locked system A friction system is not allowed NOTE A positive engagement system is one which retains the attachment in the normal working position by a system of at least two components that engage each other perpendicular to the working forces, that is; the working forces do not tend to cause disengagement
Attrezzature da demolizione: l importanza del collegamento (Allegato B alla EN 474 parte 1 DRAFT) B.2.1.1 Engagement b) it shall be possible to verify from the operator's station, or from the location where the engagement system of the attachment bracket is operated, that the system has activated successfully into the engaged position c) it shall not be possible to release the attachment by malfunction or loss of engagement force(s). For the purpose of testing, the attachment shall not be released with the machine switched off for a period of at least 12 hours
Attrezzature da demolizione: l importanza del collegamento (Allegato B alla EN 474 parte 1 DRAFT) B.2.1.2 Locking In addition to B.2.1.1, the attachment bracket shall have a locking system that meets the following requirements: a) it shall ensure that the engagement system remains effective and holds the attachment in the intended operating position, considering reasonably foreseeable operating conditions (see clause 7.2, subclause B. 2.4, and any relevant limitations specified in the operators manual of the machine manufacturer, and if relevant the attachment bracket manufacturer and/or the attachment manufacturer).
Attrezzature da demolizione: l importanza del collegamento (Allegato B alla EN 474 parte 1 DRAFT) B.2.1.2 Locking b) for attachment brackets which are engaged via the controls at the operator s station it shall be activated automatically as part of the engagement process c) for attachment brackets which are engaged manually it shall be activated manually from the location where the engagement process is conducted or as an automatic action during the engagement process d) an automatic locking system shall have either an automatic or a manual unlocking system
Attrezzature da demolizione: l importanza del collegamento (Allegato B alla EN 474 parte 1 DRAFT) B.2.1.2 Locking e) for wedge type systems, in the event of a failure of the system that provides the engagement forces, the locking system (e.g. continuous pressure with open return, hydraulic accumulator, compressed spring) shall be able to withstand the resultant of all reasonably foreseeable forces applied to the attachment NOTE: Reasonably foreseeable forces will depend on the type of attachments used. For requirements, see e.g. ISO 14397-2, ISO 10567 and ISO 6015.
Attrezzature da demolizione: l importanza del collegamento (Allegato B alla EN 474 parte 1 DRAFT) B.2.1.2 Locking f) for force locked engagement systems, in the event of a failure of the system that provides the engagement forces, the locking system shall be able to withstand the resultant of all reasonably foreseeable forces applied to the attachment,. This shall be achieved by a mechanical device not relying on hydraulic pressure NOTE: Reasonably foreseeable forces will depend on the type of attachments used. For requirements, see e.g. ISO 14397-2, ISO 10567 and ISO 6015.