From energy audits to ICT implementation: a methodology applied to sport facilities

WORKSHOP Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned from ongoing Research Projects From energy audits to ICT implementation: a methodology applied to sport facilities Enrico Sabbatini UNIVERSITA POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE

What is SportE 2 What is SportE 2. The European Project SportE 2 will develop an approach, methodology, and technologies dedicated to energy savings in sport facilities. We are bringing the concept of fitness from our bodies to our buildings. The main result will be a modularand scalableintelligent building management system ready for market deployment. It will have a ROI of less than 5 years and will target 30% energy and carbon emissions reductions. Another outcome will be knowledge, best practices, and guidelines that can be used by anyone. Start date: Sep 10 End Date: Aug 13

Main Ideas, Motivation and Background INDOOR: 40.000 OUTDOOR: 30.000 1.500.000 EUROPEAN SPORT FACILITIES INDOOR: 30.000 OUTDOOR: 500.000 Sport facilities consume massive amounts of energy and there are a lot of them in Europe ( about 8% of the overall EU-48 buildings). Because the building sector represents 40% of Europe's energy consumption, developing ICTenabled energy savings solutions for this key sector will help Europe meet its 20-20-20 targets. INDOOR: 3.000 OUTDOOR: 40.000 INDOOR: 15.000 OUTDOOR: 450.000 Some of these structures are very exciting Also, sports facilities are unique: In their energy demand profiles (timing and peaks) Usage patterns (long periods of low use and then short periods of high use sporting event) Comfort and ventilation requirements Facility characteristics (e.g. swimming pools, indoor courts, saunas) In how they are owned and managed (public and private) They can encompass large open spaces (multiple buildings, complexes, parking areas, lighting, etc.)

Objective SportE 2 aims at managing and optimizing the triple dimensions of energy flows (generation, grid exchange, and consumption) by developing a : New scalable and modular BMS based on smart metering, integrated control, optimal decision making, and multi-facility management. This tool will enable a new relationship and business model structure between facility managers and power providers. The SportE 2 modules will be applicable to both new and existing structures and answer the fundamental questions of how, where, when and why energy is produced, used and grid exchanged.

SportE 2 How Smart Metering sensor network, communication capabilities, database, data processing, data management, and access and interact with the information. SportE 2 Why Optimisation optimal energy management decisions towards energy savings, looking at energy prices, weather forecasting, and the planned facility usage. Concept SportE 2 products SportE 2 When Integrated Control integrated control capabilities: software, hardware, user interface that enables the control and management of lighting, heating, cooling, indoor air quality and ventilation, co-generation, and renewable energy production. SportE 2 Where Multi-Facility Management multi-facility management tool that will collect, analyse, and display energy demands, consumption, production, and grid exchange across multiple facilities against common metrics (e.g. kwh/m, /m, kg CO2, etc).

System Validation We will integrate and test our system at the living laboratory KUBIK provided by partner TECNALIA 500 m2 Over 400 Sensors Controllable Environments Renewable energy production Realistic scenario development

Pilot #1: Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal (SELF) The facility Olympic Pool (indoor) Learning Pool (indoor) 2 Gyms (indoor) with one provided of electric equipment (electric bicycles, etc ) Energy Consumption Water Heating for pools and showers Air Heating for large environments Electric Energy for indoor/outdoor lighting and electric equipment Energy Generation 2 boilers fuelled with natural gas (1070KW each) Co-Generation System fuelled with natural gas (130KW) Solar Thermal Panels with total area of 32m 2 (annual production of 22500 KWh)

The facility Pool (indoor) Learning Pool (indoor) 1 Gym (indoor) provided of electric equipment (electric bicycles, etc ) 1 Volleyball court (indoor) 2 Tennis/Five-a-side courts (outdoor, with changing rooms) Energy Consumption Pilot #2: Rome, Italy (FIDIA) Water Heating for pools and showers Air Heating for large environments Electric Energy for indoor/outdoor lighting and electric equipment Energy Generation 2 boilers fuelled with natural gas Biomass heat generator (35KW) Solar Thermal Panels with a total area 40m2 (annual production of 25000KWh)

The facility Adult Pool (indoor) Energy Consumption Pilot #3: Bilbao, Spain(EMTE) Children Pool (indoor) Multisport Court (indoor, Basketball, Football, Handball) Fitness/Gym Multipurpose room (5 rooms) Sauna-Solarium External courts Water Heating for pools and showers Air Heating for large environments Electric Energy for indoor/outdoor lighting and electric equipment Energy Generation 2 boilers fuelled with natural gas (291kW and 581kW) Solar Thermal System with a total area 300m 2 (annual production of 175500kWh) Solar PV system (with a total area 45m 2 (annual production of 5000kWh)

ICTs implementation in Sport facilities State of the art in ICTs applied to Sport Facilities Building Management Systems (BMS) are mainly targeted for office, industrial, commercialand residentialcategories, but are not efficiently adopted in Sport and Recreation buildings. In sport facilities energy systems are often manually operated, or not adequately controlled, resulting in energy waste. ICTs and integrated control systems, where they exist, are usually implemented with drawbacks as: poor level of infrastructure for distributed generation and RES; poor level of demand response management: low level of adaptation to different behaviour: (a) hours of use, (b) occupancy profiles, (c) indoor comfort and (d) climate conditions; poor level of integration of operational platforms to manage theoverall energy consumption; needs of significant commissioning effort. Energy Audit There is not a clear understanding of the energy consumption and demand profiles across components, sub-systems, systems, and globally for sport facilities.

From the energy audit to ICTs implementation ICTs implementation in Sport facilities An energy audit quantifies trends of current energy use, equivalent greenhouse gas emissions and related costs and recommends energy efficiency improvements. How to achieve it: Sensor measurements? On site visits and inspections? Remotely by studying past bills and facility related documents? Content of the audit is also open to interpretation. Some suggest air quality is relevant. Building simulations and predictions over time could be conducted.

From the energy audit to ICTs implementation ICTs implementation in Sport facilities We define three levels of energy audits. Level 1 Simple Audit A simple audit is a remote investigationof the facility. Investigation is made using past energy invoices, facility survey information, equipment inventories, and usual occupation of the facility. Level 2 Basic Audit The basic audit involves a facility visit and expert evaluationof the facility. Energy consuming devices are identified, counted, and inspected. Through this survey it is possible to better characterise energy flows and potential saving measures. The expert conducting the audit also has a better probability of identifying energy faults.

From the energy audit to ICTs implementation ICTs implementation in Sport facilities We define three levels of energy audits. Level 3 Advanced Audit The advanced audit involves the use of measuring equipment for particular areas of concern. Measuring flow rates of an HVAC system, the energy provided by renewables, or the consumption of a particular device are examples. In some facilities, such data is already available. In others, such data is not available.

From the energy audit to ICTs implementation ICTs implementation in Sport facilities The outcomes and goals of the auditing are: The development of a long term relationship with the client. Characterisation of all energy sources utilised at the facility. Identification of the type of energy contract in place with the energy suppliers. Identification of the functional areas present at the facility in question. A characterisation of the energy flows at the facility. Recommendations for energy efficiency improvements. Recommendation for the next step or appropriate modules of SportE 2.

From the energy audit to ICTs implementation ICTs implementation in Sport facilities Energy monitoring is the basis for effective and target oriented energy management, providing useful information about energy usage profiles, seasonal changesand possible defects. Conducted review shows that a broad range of tools and services for energy management exist on the market. The spectrum of tools extends from simple automated meter reading processing to load profiling, analysis reporting and visualization. Following the recommendation of the European Energy Services Directive, SportE 2 How module will increase energy efficiency behaviour for: Increasing awareness of energy consumption; Promoting remote meter reading; Encouraging use of Demand Side Management; Collecting High Quality Data Sets (HQDS) related to local energy production, demandside and energy consumption optimisations.

From the energy audit to ICTs implementation ICTs implementation in Sport facilities Audit Process Part of the SportE 2 approach is complementary to the energy auditing process. ICTs HOW, WHEN,WHY, WHERE: We utilise sub and smart metering to detail facility energy flows with the aim of understanding, controlling, and optimising. How? Performance Indicators Represent the heart of a performance monitoring system, influencewhat data is collected or measured, and enableor facilitate decisions and energy management actions.

Primary Performance Indicators ICTs implementation in Sport facilities Number Indicator Symbol Unit 1 Annual primary energy consumption E p kwh p /year 2 Annual delivered heating energy E h,del kwh h /year 3 Annual delivered cooling energy E c,del kwh c /year 4 Annual delivered electrical energy E el,del kwh el /year 5 Annual total gas consumption G tot Nm 3 /year 6 Annual water consumption W m 3 /year Usually obtained through a Basic Audit but they became continuously available when ICTs are installed

Secondary Performance Indicators ICTs implementation in Sport facilities Number Indicator Symbol Unit 1 Solar thermal system efficiency η sol % 2 Biomass boiler efficiency η bio % Specific for sport facilities: continuously available with How module and helpful for manager, control system and optimization unit 3 Cogeneration electric efficiency η cog,el % 4 Cogeneration thermal efficiency η cog,th % 5 Boiler efficiency η boiler % 6 Photovoltaic efficiency η pv % 7 Swimming pool thermal consumption Q t,pool kwh/m 3 pool 8 Swimming pool electric consumption E t,pool kwh/m 3 pool 9 Gym thermal consumption Q t,gym kwh/m 3 gym 10 Gym electric consumption E t,gym kwh/m 3 gym 11 Court thermal consumption Q t,court kwh/m 3 court 12 Court electric consumption E t,court kwh/m 3 court 13 Changing room consumption Q t,chan kwh/m 3 chan 14 Changing room electric consumption E t,chan kwh/m 3 chan 15 Ext court electric consumption E t,ext_court kwh/m 2 ext_court 16 Ext service electric consumption E t, ext_serv kwh/m 2 ext_serv 17 Comfort PMV area -- Clear picture of areas consumption, RES and generation systems use.

Example: Pilot 3 application A possible smart metering system architecture: from meters to high level data ICTs implementation in Sport facilities Implementation needs of schemes, distribution plants, systems and areas composition. This information are available with basic audit

ICTs implementation in Sport facilities RES Aspect Energy sources are mostly traditional (e.g. fossil fuel-based). However, since many of these buildings are publicand because regulations are becoming more stringent to include the concept of net zero buildings, renewable energy technologies, biofuels, and co-generation strategies will become more prevalent. existing plants are often oversized Large open spaces Large outdoor surfaces intermittent use solar collectors, PVand cogeneration plants. Intermittent generation An intelligent and dedicated management strategy is required for an optimal use of RES.

The Consortium to Realise the Idea: TEAM SportE 2 Italy: Engineering Consulting Studio di Architettura ed Ingegneria Italy: Green Design / Architecture Portugal: Smart Metering Greece: Building Management Systems Spain: Research Centre / Tech Group Italy: University (Mechanical, Thermal Measurements, Testing) Italy: Sport Facility Owner Portugal: ESCO Spain: Sports Facility Manager (17 facilities).

Best Practices & Lessons Learned Documented on our Webpage @ www.sporte2.eu We want to hear your experience become a Friend of SportE 2 Or perhaps our consortium partners can help you save energy