Chu bien: TS. NGUYiN KIM ANH PHAT TRIEN TAI CHINH VI MO Of KHU VITC NONG MMlh N01S THOi 1 ~ IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL AREAS OF VIETNAM B 376792 NHA XUAT BAN THONG KE HANOI-2010
MUC LUC LQI NOIOAU 3 Chitong 1: KHAl QUAT CHUNG v KINH T NONG NGHlEP NONG THON VA THj TRl/ONG TAl CHfNH KHU Vl/C NONG NGHlEP, NONG THON VN 1.1. Kinh t ' n6ng nghifp, nong thon trong ne"n kinh te' 7 1.1.1. Khai niem nong nghiep nong thon 7 1.1.2. Nh&ng hop phan ca ban cua nong thon 9 1.1.3. Vai tro nong nghiep nong thon trong nen kinh te 11 1.1.4. Kinh te nong thon 12 1.2. Thj trirdng tai chfnh nflng thon va vai tro ctia no trong nin kinh te 14 1.2.1. Khai niem tai chinh nong thon va thj tru-ang tai chinh nong thon 14 1.2.2. Cac djnh ch tai chinh trong thj truing tai chinh nong thon 19 1.2.3. Vai tro cua tai chinh nong thon trong n&n kinh te 21 Chi/dng 2: TAl CHfNH VI MO VA SLT PHAT TRI^N C0A TAl CHfNH VI MO 6 KHU Vl/C NONG NGHieP, NONG THON Vl T NAM 2.1. TCVM va hoat dong cua cac to churc TCVM d khu virc nong nghiep, nong thon 25 2.1.1. Khai niem ve TCVM va to chcfc TCVM 25 2.1.2. Hoat dpng cua cac TC TCVM a khu vi/c nong nghiep, nong thon 27 2.2. Phat trien TCVM 6 khu virc n6ng nghiep, nong thfin 35 2.2.1. Khai niem va qua trinh phat then cua cac TCTCVM 35 2.2.2. Cac chi tieu danh gia SIP phat trien TCVM 37 2.3. Vai tro cua ngan hang trung irang doi vdi sir phat trien cua TCVM 43 2.3.1. Vai tro cua ngan hang trung uwig trong cac hoat dong phat then 45 2.3.2. Vai tro cua ngan hang trung nang trong cac hoat dong khuyen khich 46 2.3.3. Vai tro cua ngan hang trung ucmg trong quan ly, giam sat cac to chtpc TCVM 47 317
ChiWng 3: KINH NGHlfM PHAT TRI^N TAl CHfNH VI MO 6 M0T S6 QU(5c GIA TR N TH Glfll VA CAC BAl HOC KINH NGHlEM CHO VI$T NAM Hl N NAY 3.1. Sir phat trie'n TCVM d mot so qufi'c gia tren the' gioi 53 3.1.1. Tra cap cua Chinh phu 54 3.1.2. Tai chinh vi mo bin vipng 62 3.1.3. Cong nghe va tai chinh vi mo 64 3.2. NhOrng bai hoc kinh nghi&m cho Viet Nam do'i vfli van de phat trien TCVM 6 khu virc nong nghi p, nong thon 67 3.2.1. Vai tro cua Chinh phu doi vai TCVM 67 3.2.2. Nang cao nang li/c the che cua cac to chirc TCVM 68 Chtfcfng 4: T6NG QUAN V KHU VI/C NONG NGH!$P, NONG THON VI$T NAM TRONG THOl KYo6l M6l 4.1. Khai quat qua trinh phat then nong nghiep, nong thon Viet nam trong thoi ky ddi mdi 71 4.1.1. Tao lap moi truang phap ly c n thiet cho viec phat then nong thon Viet Nam ' 72 4.1.2. Cac thanh tyu trong doi mai 74 4.1.3. Qua trinh phat then cua cac chu the kinh te trong hoat dong nong nghiep, nong thon 78 4.2. Khai quat ve thj trirdng tai chinh b khu vtrc nong nghiep, nong thon Viet Nam hien nay 80 4.2.1. Chinh sach tai chinh nong thon cua Viet Nam 80 4.2.2. Nhu cau ve tai chinh nong thon a Viet Nam 83 4.2.3. Cac to chivc cung cap dich vu tai chinh nong thon chu yeu tai Viet Nam 85 ChiWng 5: THl/C TRANG HOAT DONG TCVM 6 KHU Vl/C NONG NGHlEP, NONG THON Vl T NAM 5.1. Qua trinh hinh thanh va phat then cua TCVM d nong thon Vi^t Nam 89 5.1.1. So 1 IUOT v SLP hinh thanh va phat then cua TCVM a Viet Nam. 89 5.1.2. Moi twang hoat dong cua TCVM a khu vyc nong nghiep, nong thon Viet Nam 93 5.2. Ke't qua hoat dong cua cac to chirc TCVM d khu virc nong nghiep, nong thon Viet Nam 103 318
5.2.1. Hoat dpng tao lap va phat trien von tip co 103 5.2.2. Hoat dong huy dong v6n 106 5.2.3. Hoat dong cho vay 113 5.2.4. Cac hoat dong kinh doanh khac 117 5.3. Oanh gia chung ve nhcfng k6\ qua da dat dirge trong hoat dcing cua cac to chirc TCVM Viet Nam 117 5.3.1. Nhmig m?t tich CIPC 117 5.3.2. Nh&ng han ch, ton tai va nguyen nhan _ 128 Chi/crng 6 : CAC GlAl PHAP PHAT TRI^N TAl CHfNH VI MO 6 KHU VL/C NONG NGHlEP, NONG THON VI$T NAM 6.1. Xu hirong phat trie'n tai chinh vi mo tren th ' gioi va Viet Nam 137 6.1.1. Phat then tai chinh vi mo la mot qua trinh lau dai, lien tuc va co SIP phoi hap cua nhieu to chi>c 137 6.1.2. Phat then tip hoat dong tip thien sang hoat dong kinh doanh 138 6.1.3. Xu hipang phat then tip nho den Ian de hoc tap va Ian d n 139 6.1.4. Chuyen dan tip djch vu tin dung sang djch vu tin dung - ti t kiem - bao hiem 139 6.1.5. Chuyen tip hoat dong khong hgp phap sang hoat dong hgp phap 140 6.2. Cac giai phap phat then TCVM d khu virc nong nghiep, nong thon Viet nam 142 6.2.1. Hoan thien moi tripang phap ly de cac to chipc TCVM co hanh lang phap ly chuan mu-c ton tai va phat then 142 6.2.2. Day nhanh qua trinh chuyen doi cac chipang trinh, dip an dang hoat dong tai chinh vi mo (TCVM) thanh cac to chipc TCVM vai tip each la mot thipc the phap luat doc lap 159 6.2.3. Tai cau triic ve to chipc va tai chinh cua cac TCTCVM 162 6.2.4. Nang cao nang IIPC tai chinh cua cac to chivc TCVM lam n n tang cho SIP phat then cua TCVM 164 6.2.5. Da dang hoa cac san pham djch vu cua to chi>c TCVM Viet Nam 166 6.2.6. Phat then nguon nhan IIPC nham dap i>ng nhu cau hoat dong ngay cang phi>c tap va da dang cua TCVM 168 6.2.7. Phat then va nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong Marketing cua cac to chipctcvm 170 6.2.8. Tang cuang va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat hoat dong cua NHNN doi vai to chipc TCVM nhlim dam bao tinh hgp phap va chuan mipc trong hoat dong cua cac to chi>c nay 174 319
6.2.9. Doi mai ca che IPU dai ve lai suit trong hoat dong tin dung doi vai cac ho co thu nhap thap, dong thai cac TCTCVM can ha thap chi phi hoat dong 179 6.2.10. Tang cipang SIP lien ket gi&a cac to chipc co hoat dong TCVM 180 6.2.11. Khuy&n khich cac to chipc tin dung tham gia sau han vao hoat dong TCVM 183 6.3. MGt sd kie'n nghi voi cac ca quan nha nirdc co tham quyen nham thirc hi6n cac giai phap de phat trie'n TCVM 6 khu virc nong nghi p, nong thon Viet nam trong giai doan hien nay 185 6.3.1. Kien nghi vai Chinh phu 185 6.3.2. Kien nghj vai NHNN Viet Nam 187 6.3.3. Kien nghj voi Bg Tai chinh 189 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION 191 CHAPTER 4: OVERVIEW ON VIETNAM'S AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RENOVATION PERIOD 4.1. Summary 193 4.1.1. Formulate a necessary legal environment for rural development of Vietnam 194 4.1.2. Achievements in renovation process 196 4.1.3. Development process of economic entities in agricultural and rural activities 200 4.2. The overall situation of financial markets in agricultural and rural areas in Vietnam at present 202 4.2.1. Vietnam policy on rural finance 202 4.2.2. The need for rural finance in Vietnam 205 4.2.3. Major organizations providing rural financial services in Vietnam 207 CHAPTER 5: MICROFINANCE ACTIVITIES IN AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL AREAS IN VIETNAM 5.1. Formation and development of microfinance in rural areas in Vietnam 211 5.1.1. Summary of formation and development of microfinance in Vietnam 211 5.1.2. Operational environment for microfinance in the agriculture and rural area in Vietnam 215 5.2. Operation results of MFIs in agricultural and rural areas in Vietnam 226 5.2.1. Development of equity capitals 226 320
5.2.2. Operation of capital mobilization 229 5.2.3. Lending operation 234 5.2.4. Other business activities 238 5.3. General evaluation on results of MFIs' operation in Vietnam 239 5.3.1. Advantages 239 5.3.2. The shortcomings and their causes 250 CHAPTER 6: SOLUTIONS FOR MICROFINANCE DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL SECTOR 259 6.1. Development trend for microfinance in the world and in Vietnam 259 6.1.1. Microfinance development is a long, continuous process and being engaged by many organizations 259 6.1.2. Development from charitable activities to business activities 260 6.1.3. Development trend from small to large one: Experiencing growth 261 6.1.4. Moving away from credit service to credit - savings - insurance service 261 6.1.5. Changing from illegal to legal activities 262 6.2. Solution for microfinance development in agricultural and rural areas in Vietnam 264 6.2.1. Perfecting legal environment for standard legal framework of microfinance institutions in existing and developing 264 6.2.2. Push up transferring operating microfinance programs, projects into MFI- an independent legal entity 279 6.2.3. Organizational and financial restructure for MFIs 282 6.2.4. Enhance financial capacity of MFIs as the fundamental base for development of microfinance 284 6.2.5. Diversify products and services of MFIs in Vietnam. 286 6.2.6. Develop human resources to meet with increasing complex and diversified activities of microfinance 288 6.2.7. Develop and improve efficiency of MFIs marketing activities 290 6.2.8. Strengthening and improving the efficiency of SBV's surveillance and supervision over microfinance institutions to ensure legality and maintenance of standards in the institutions' activities 293 321
6.2.9. Innovating mechanism of preferential interest rate in lending to low income households, at the same time lowering the operating costs of MFIs 299 6.2.10. Strengthen the inter-cooperation among the Microfinance institutions (MFIs) 300 6.2.11. Encourage credit institutions to participate more deeply into microfinance activities 302 6.3. Recommendations 304 6.3.1. Recommendations to the Vietnamese Government 305 6.3.2. Recommendations to the State bank of Viet Nam (SBV) 307 6.3.3. Recommendation to Ministry of Finance (MOF) 308 CONCLUSIONS 311 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 313 322