Key Skills and Competences for Defence

Key Skills and Competences for Defence EDA contract reference: 14.CPS.OP.030 Annex C Lucia Retter, Louise Taggart and Jon Freeman The work described in this report was carried out under EDA contract. Responsibility for the contents resides with the organisation that prepared it. RAND Europe RAND Europe RR-1226/2-EDA 10 March 2015

RAND Europe Annex C - Education Courses for Key Skills and Competences This Annex accompanies Chapter 3 and provides an overview of some of the European-wide course and programmes which promote skills for defence and/or represent examples of communities of expertise fostering training in specific defence and security areas (see Chapter 5, section 5.2 for more detail on communities of expertise). Many of these courses are EU-sponsored or involve the participation of Member States governments, meaning that the qualifications and certifications they offer will have a greater degree of recognition across Europe. Some agencies, such as ENtri (Europe s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management), act as accreditation bodies themselves. Others use the ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) to facilitate an exchange of participants across member states, such as Emilyo, an exchange programme for young military officers. This annex also provides examples of defence-specific education programmes that are available across Europe. 1.1. European-wide programmes for defence skills 1.1.1. European Initiative for Advanced Training in Aerospace (ECATA) 1 ECATA provides customised short courses for Aerospace Business Integration covering a range of topics across the aerospace industry, such as sustainability, lean manufacturing, supply chain, maintenance, risk accounting and software services. ECATA courses are developed by leading aerospace companies and academic institutions across Europe and are delivered across various locations in the EU. ECATA also participates in exchange programme Erasmus Mundus. 1.1.2. EU Security and Defence College The European Security and Defence College (ESDC) provides strategic-level education in European Security and Defence Policy, now Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Although there is no mechanism for transferability and accreditation, ESDC courses are ed by the governments of member states which facilitates their recognition. The ESDC also issues a certificate upon completion of the course that is recognised by EU member states members of ESDC but is not tied to an external accreditation or recognition mechanism. 1 See for example ECATA (2010; n.d.). 1

Course curricula undergo an internal quality assurance review by experts as well as by the executive academic and board of the ESDC. The guidelines for the evaluation of CSDP courses organised by the European Security and Defence College refer to content evaluation and does not reference evaluation transferability. 2 The ESDC runs a series of courses of relevance to defence and security, including specialised training activities on security sector reform. It is closely linked to national network institutes, relevant EU institutions and agencies, and external training actors. 3 In 2011, 50 training institutes from all member states, including policy academies, were actively engaged in conducting ESDC training activities. 4 The EU training policy in CSDP is implemented by Member States' training providers on a national basis or through EU-level training providers/projects. 1.1.3. CEPOL (European Police College) The college promotes defence skills through residential activities, online learning and European policy exchange programme. CEPOL teaches courses including counter-terrorism, special law enforcement techniques and police cycle activities. CEPOL provides recommendations about police training on specific subjects with a European dimension. These recommendations are issued on topics such as counter terrorism, Europol, police ethics and prevention of corruption, domestic violence, money laundering, trafficking in human beings, civilian crisis management and drug trafficking. 5 1.1.4. ENTRi (Europe s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management) ENTRi provides training and guidelines for civilian experts working in crisis management and acts as a certification authority for such training courses. ENTRi awards a label (C3MC) to courses that meet established standards and criteria for civilian personnel to be deployed to crisis management missions. This allows courses to align with international standards, which are recognised by organisations and professionals at the European level. 6 In order to obtain an ENTRi label, course organisers need to fill in an online application, reviewed by the ENTRi certification working group. The renewable certification is valid for three years. Those courses with a valid certification are listed online. 7 1.1.5. EUPST (European Union Police Services Training) EUPST aims to contribute to the strengthening of civilian capabilities in order to support stabilisation efforts in countries emerging from a situation of political crisis. Partner organisations include relevant 2 European Security and Defence College (2008). 3 See: Europa.eu (2008); Rehrl and Weisserth (2013: 104-118). 4 Council of the European Union (2011:5). 5 CEPOL (2015). 6 ENTRi (2013). 7 ENTRi (n.d.). 2

public authorities in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain, as well as the European police College CEPOL. 1.1.6. Emilyo Emilyo is an exchange programme for military officers, and the courses allow participants to obtain credits as part of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) which can be used as part of their national qualifications. 8 1.1.7. International Military Academic Forum The International Military Academic Forum provides an exchange for young officers, inspired by the Erasmus programme. An agreement between partner organisations ensures that the courses will be recognised across participating organisations. 9 Other courses of relevance include: European Naval Academies: European naval academies provide exchange opportunities for naval officers on courses across various national academies. 10 European Air Force academies 11 is a forum of experts aiming to exchange information, cooperate and identify areas of common interest to carry out activities, with the largest possible participation of all the member nations, in the field of officer education and training. The European Defence Agency sponsors training activities, including European Air Refuelling, European Air Transport, the European Armament Cooperation (EAC) Course, European Advanced Airlift Tactics and Helicopter training programmes. 12 8 European Security and Defence College (2013:9); European Initiative for Exchange of Military Young Officers (n.d.). 9 imaf (2014). 10 See European Naval Academies (2013; 2014). 11 European Air Force Academies (n.d.). 12 EDA (2014c). 3

RAND Europe 1.2. Examples of defence-specific education programmes in the EU for specialised defence skills and s Table C.1. Air - Design, and Manufacture Design Design MSc, Design Delft University of Technology (NE) Design Detail and installation er BSc, MSc, Aerospace Warsaw University of Technology (PO) Machine Design and Maintenance ing and Low-observability BSc, Science, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Corrosion, Failure Analysis and Prevention ing and Interoperability MSc, Diplôme d'ingénieur ISAE-SUPAERO Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) ing and Air vehicle flight systems electrical BSc, MSc, Military Technology, Specialisation in Aerospace Electrical University of Defence (CZ) ing and Air vehicle flight systems mechanical BSc, Aircraft Estonian Aviation Academy (EE) ing and Air vehicle avionics systems BSc, Aircraft, Specialisation in Avionics Estonian Aviation Academy (EE) ing and Electromagnetic compatibility BSc, Science, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Electromagnetics, Optics and Microwave 4

ing and ing and Platform ing Platform ing Design validation MSc, Avionic Design Cranfield University (UK) Whole systems integration MSc, Embedded, Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) Aerostructures MSc, Aerospace Mechanics Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space and Avionics, Specialisation in (ISAE) (FR) Aeronautical Structures Air vehicle dynamics MSc, Flight Dynamics Cranfield University (UK) Powerplant ing Fluid dynamics and combustion MSc, Aeronautical Mechanics and energetics Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) Fluid Dynamics Powerplant ing Structure BSC, Science, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Structural Mechanics Powerplant ing Materials MSc, Advanced Manufacturing Processes Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) Unmanned air system (UAS) ing Unmanned air system (UAS) ing Integrated test, evaluation and acceptance Integrated test, evaluation and acceptance Autonomy MSc, Aerospace Tecnico Lisboa (PT) Autonomous Operational governance MSc, Aerospace Cranfield University (UK) Autonomous and manager Manufacturing Operations Platform test MSc, Aircraft Cranfield University (UK) Reliability, Safety Assessment and Certification test MSc, Aeronautical and Space Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space, Specialisation in (ISAE) (FR) Aircraft 5

Table C.2. Air In-service support Synthetic environment Synthetic environments MSc, Aerospace, Specialisation in Control and Operations Logistics and Safety and governance MSc Aviation Safety Aircraft service manager Airworthiness management Field Support Maintenance BSc, MSc, Military Technology, Specialisation in Engineer Technology Operations Flight operations manager BSc, Management of Aviation Commnuication and Navigation Delft University of Technology (NE) Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) University of Defence (CZ) Estonian Aviation Academy (EE) 6

Table C.3. Land Design, and Manufacture Design Design MSc, Vehicle and Weapon Low-observability BSc, Science, ing and focus on Defence Technology Weapons systems Weapons er BSc, MSc,, SSMW, Ballistic and Weapon ; BSc, MSc, Polytechnics Weapons systems Ballistics BSc, MSc,, SSMW, Ballistic and Weapon ; BSc, MSc, Polytechnics Platform Framework / chassis BSc, MSc, ing Science, focus on Defence Technology Powerplant Electrical systems MSc, Military Electronic ing Cranfield University (UK) Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Royal Military Academy (BE) Royal Military Academy (BE) Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Cranfield University (UK) Light weapons, Gun Design Corrosion, Failure Analysis and Prevention Integrated test, evaluation and acceptance Platform test MSc, Military Vehicle Technology Cranfield University (UK) Survivability platform simulation 7

Integrated test, evaluation and acceptance test BSc Communication - organisation and management of tactical units of logistics; specialisation in artillery and anti-aircraft weapons, optics and ammunition AAD and CIS faculty, Vasil Levski National Military University (BG) Logistics and service management Safety and governance manager MSc, Organisational and capability management Operations Land operations manager BSc Communication - organisation and management of tactical units of logistics; specialisation on artillery and anti-aircraft weapons, optics and ammunition Nicolae Balcescu Land Forces Academy (RO) AAD and CIS faculty, Vasil Levski National Military University (BG) 8

Table C.4. Naval - Management Programme management Planning and production support manager BSc, MSc, Military Sciences and Information, Accredited in Navy Command; Logistics Command Universitatea Nationala de Aparare Carol I (RO) Programme management Cost estimator BS, MSc, Military Sciences and Information, Accredited in Navy Command; Financial- Economic Management Universitatea Nationala de Aparare Carol I (RO) 9

Table C.5. Naval Design, ing and manufacture Design Draughtsman and CAD er MSc, Marine Technology Delft University of Technology (NE) Design Mechanical / fluids er MSc,, Naval Operations Royal Military Academy (BE) Mechanical Design I & II Design Vessel electronics / navigational systems MSc, Naval Polytechnic University of Madrid (ES) Electrical Used in Navigation er Design Low-observability er BSc, Scince, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Corrosion, Failure Analysis and Prevention Design Design MSc, Marine Technology, Specialisation in Design, Production and Operation Design Detail and installation MSc, Marine Technology, er Specialisation in Design, Production and Operation Design Electromagnetic compatibility BSc, Naval Architecture and Marine Delft University of Technology (NE) Delft University of Technology (NE) Tecnico Lisboa (PT) Ship Design, Ship Production Ship Design Electromagnetism and Optics Design Electrical and control er MA, Political and military sciences, Naval operations Royal Military Academy (BE) Naval platforms : Electric Design Design validation MSc, Marine Technology / Defence University of Southampton (UK) Optimisation in ing 10

Mechanical / fluids BSc, Mechanical Vienna University of Technology (AT) Fundamentals in Fluid Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics 2, Fundamentals of Numerical Thermo-Fluid Dynamics, Applied Fluid Mechanics Propulsion MSc, Aeronautical mechanics and energetics; specialisation Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) in aerodynamics-propulsion Acoustics / signatures / dynamics MSc, Naval Polytechnic University of Madrid (ES) Structural Dynamics and Vibration Electrical and control MSc, Naval Polytechnic University of Madrid (ES) Electrical, On-board Electronics Naval architecture / marine MA, Political and Military sciences Naval Operations, Royal Military Academy (BE) Naval Platforms: Architecture Hull / structural / arrangements BSc, Scinece, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Naval Shipbuilding Propulsion/ combustion and fluid dynamics MA, Political and Military sciences Naval Operations, Royal Military Academy (BE) Fluid mechanics Nuclear propulsion MSc, Naval ing Polytechnic University of Madrid (ES) Propulsion BSc, Electrical and Information Technology Specialisation in Naval Architecture; Control and Operational governance MSc, Marine Technology / manager Defence University of Split (CR) University of Southampton (UK) Marine project management; Risk reliability and safety 11

Production Outfitting MSc, Marine Technology / Defence Production Structure BSc, Science, focus on Defence Technology University of Southampton (UK) Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Structural mechanics Integrated test, evaluation and acceptance Platform test MSc, Marine Technology / Defence University of Southampton (UK) Structural and material response to the marine environment Table C.6. Naval In-service support Logistics and service Safety and governance MSc, Marine Technology, Delft University of Technology (NE) management manager Specialisation in Design, production and operation Logistics and service Sustainability manager MSc, Marine Technology, Delft University of Technology (NE) management Specialisation in Design, production and operation Logistics and service Fleet services manager MSc, Marine Technology, Delft University of Technology (NE) management Specialisation in Design, production and operation Operations Port operations manager MSc, Naval Polytechnic University of Madrid Integrated Logistical Support Field support Maintenance MSc, Advanced Master in Naval Architecture University of Liege (BE) 12

Table C.7. Complex Weapons Design, ing and manufacture Design Production MSc, Weapon Cranfield University (UK) Missile systems Missile er MSc, Astronautics and Space Missile systems Lethality MSc, Astronautics and Space Missiles systems Mechanical BSc, MSc, Mechnical Missile systems Electronic BSc, MSc,, SSMW, Ballistic and Weapon ; BSc, MSc, Polytechnics Guidance, control Guidance and control BSc, MSc,, and navigation SSMW, Ballistic and Weapon ; BSc, MSc, Polytechnics Low-observability BSc, MSc,, ing and SSMW, Ballistic and Weapon ; BSc, MSc, Polytechnics Logistics and service Safety ing and MSc, Astronautics and Space management governance Cranfield University (UK) Cranfield University (UK) Technische Universität, Wien (AT) Royal Military Academy (BE) Royal Military Academy (BE) Royal Military Academy (BE) Cranfield University (UK) GW Structures, Aeroelasticity and Power Supplies Weapon Performance Analysis Electrical weapons Guided weapon systems Threat and protection in armed conflicts, I & II Reliability and System Effectiveness Logistics and service management Sustainability manager MSc, Astronautics and Space Cranfield University (UK) Reliability and System Effectiveness 13

Integrated test, evaluation and acceptance Test specialist BSc, MSc,, SSMW, Ballistic and Weapon ; BSc, MSc, Polytechnics Royal Military Academy (BE) Ballistic impact on personnel and vehicles Table C.8. Complex Weapons In-service support Operations Support operations manager BSc Communication - organisation and management of tactical units of logistics; specialisation in artillery and anti-aircraft weapons, optics and ammunition AAD and CIS faculty, Vasil Levski National Military University (BG) 14

Table C.9. C4ISTAR Design, ing and manufacture ing and Electronic warfare systems MSc, Military Electronic Cranfield University (UK) Electronic warfare for defence ing and Electronic compatibility MA, Political and Military Sciences Royal Military Academy (BE) Electrotechnics ing and Communication systems BSc, Communication AAD and CIS faculty, Vasil Levski National Military University (BG) Hardware and sensors ing Acoustics technologies MSc, Aeronautical and Astronautics RWTH Aachen University (DE) Acoustics Hardware and sensors ing Optics and electrooptics MSc, PhD, Optoelectronics Military University of Technology (PO) Hardware and sensors ing RF and microwave MSc,, Advanced Electronic System Design and Integration Technical University, Sofia (BG) Modelling of RF Devices and Circuits 15

Table C.10. C4ISTAR In-service support Operations Operations manager MSc, Military Operational Research Cranfield University (UK) Logistics and service management Safety and governance manager BSc, Science, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Logistics 16

Table C.11. Space Design, ing and manufacture ing and Electronic compatibility MSc, Space Science and Technology, focus on Space Technology and Instrumentation Luleå University of Technology (SW) ing and Spacecraft environments and effects MSc, Spacecraft Design Luleå University of Technology (SW) Software ing Space system software MSc, Aeronautical and Space, Specialisation in Avionics Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) Software ing Hardware ing Spacecraft electrical power MSc, Space Flight, Specialisation in Space Delft University of Technology (NE) Hardware ing Space system control MSc, Space Advanced Master Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) Hardware ing Optics MSc, Space University of Liege (BE) Instrumental Optics I & II Hardware ing Optoelectrics BSc, Science, focus on Defence Technology Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Electro-optics 17

Table C.12. Awarding Institutions Websites Awarding institution Website Delft University of Technology (NE) http://www.tudelft.nl/en/ Warsaw University of Technology (PO) http://www.pw.edu.pl/engpw Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces (DE) Higher Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE) (FR) http://www.hsu-hh.de/hsu/index.php http://www.isae.fr/en/node/441 University of Defence (CZ) http://www.unob.cz/en/pages/default.aspx Estonian Aviation Academy (EE) http://www.lennuakadeemia.ee/en Cranfield University (UK) http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/ Tecnico Lisboa (PT) http://tecnico.ulisboa.pt/en/ Royal Military Academy (BE) http://www.rma.ac.be/en/ AAD and CIS faculty, Vasil Levski National Military University (BG) Nicolae Balcescu Land Forces Academy (RO) http://www.aadcf.nvu.bg/en/index_en.html http://www.armyacademy.ro/english/ Universitatea Nationala de Aparare Carol I (RO) http://www.unap.ro/index.php/en/ Polytechnic University of Madrid (ES) http://www.upm.es/internacional University of Southampton (UK) http://www.southampton.ac.uk/ University of Split (HR) http://www.unist.hr/ University of Liege (BE) http://www.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_5000/en/home Technische Universität Wien (AT) http://www.tuwien.ac.at/en/ RWTH Aachen University (DE) http://www.rwth-aachen.de/cms/~a/root/lidx/1/ 18

Military University of Technology (PO) http://www.wat.edu.pl/ Technical University Sofia (BG) http://www.tu-sofia.bg/ Luleå University of Technology (SW) http://www.ltu.se/ 19