Various Types of Manufactured and Supplied by the Wolfman Company 1. Data Concrete pipes of all types are manufactured at Wolfman according to IS-27 (May 2010). IS 27 is the Israeli Standard that adopted the European Standard EN 1916 (October 2002) with modifications and addenda. IS 27 is an official Israeli Standard and consequently it is a binding standard according to law in the State of Israel. 2. Types of pipes manufactured by Wolfman According to IS 27 2.1. Pipes to be placed by cut and cover, for conveying liquids at a partial section (gravity flow). 2.1.1. Non-reinforced concrete pipes with a nominal diameter of 400-50 mm. 2.1.2. Reinforced concrete pipes with a nominal diameter of 400-3200 mm. 2.1.3. Reinforced concrete or non-reinforced pipes with an internal liner of HDPE, with a nominal diameter of 800-3200 mm. 2.1.4. Reinforced concrete or non-reinforced pipes with an internal or external coating of epoxy or polyurethane, with a nominal diameter of 400-3200 mm. 2.2. Jacking Pipes in the entire range of diameters of the following types: 2.2.1. Jacking Pipes for conveying liquids at a partial section (gravity). 2.2.2. Jacking Pipes for conveying liquids under pressure. 2.2.3. Jacking Pipes for conveying liquids under pressure with steel lining. 2.2.4. Jacking Pipes with an internal liner of HDPE. 3. Pressure Pipes Reinforced concrete pipes for conveying liquids under pressure in the entire range of diameters, with or without steel lining (up to an internal diameter of 3200 mm) and for all ranges of pressures. Remarks: 1. All the types of pipes can serve for conveyance of sewage, seawater, drainage water and drinking water, on condition that they were customized for this purpose in terms of planning. 2. Pipes for conveying drinking water shall also comply with I.S. 5452. Regular Pipes HDPE Liner Pipes 98 Jacking Pipes Pressure Pipes
Table of of all Types Manufactured by Wolfman Jacking Pipes Pressure Pipes Pipes to be placed by cut and cover for conveying liquids at a partial section (gravity flow). IS 27 EN639, EN640,EN641 ASCE 27 (2000); ASCE 15(1998) IS 27 ASCE 15 (1998) IS 27 ASCE 27 (2000) Relevant Planning Standards Dimensions on demand Internal diameter (ID): Ø80; Ø0; Ø5; Ø160; Ø200; Ø250; Ø260; Ø320 For detailed dimensions please see table of pipes Internal diameter (ID): Ø40; Ø50; Ø60; Ø80; Ø100; Ø5; Ø150; Ø180; Ø200; Ø240; Ø320 For detailed dimensions please see table of pipes Dimensions (cm) Pressure lines for sewage and water Drainage, sewage and water in gravitational lines and in pressure lines Drainage, sewage and water in gravitational lines Purpose Type 1 - For installation in a non-aggressive environment for conveyance of non-aggressive liquids. Type 2A - In the sea at a depth greater than 2 m. or intended for conveyance of seawater under pressure. Type 2B - For an area with seawater spray or in the sea at a depth of up to 2 m., or for conveyance of seawater under partial section flow Type 3A - Mild aggressiveness on dry ground or in a liquid environment. Type 3B - Moderate aggressiveness on dry ground or in a liquid environment. Type 3C - Severe aggressiveness on dry ground or in a liquid environment. Types in terms of environmental conditions (relates to all types) See detailed classification tables The classifications according to environmental condition refer to all types of pipes Special design according to conditions Special design according to conditions Non-reinforced concrete pipes: Ø40 Ø5 Reinforced concrete pipes: Ø40 Ø320 Grade 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 Or a higher grade of strength as required. Types in terms of strength Liner coatings 1. Use of internal liner (HDPE) for sewage or aggressive liquids. 2. Use of various internal or external coatings. 3. Use of steel lining (internal or middle) in pressure pipes according to design. Covering of the concrete above the reinforcement Determination of the thickness of the covering is according to environmental conditions and according to the strength of the concrete, the water/cement ratio as well as other considerations of the planner. Types of concrete, cement and additives 1. Use of special cement such as slag cement. 2. The concrete strength is B50 or B60 and accordingly the thickness of the covering. 3. Water/cement ratio determines the thickness of the covering. 4. Special additives to the concrete such as: Xypex, microsilica, inhibitors and such like. Materials (relates to all types) Remarks: 1. Lining with a steel sleeve is part of the construction system. 2. HDPE liner or covering with layers of paint is intended to seal and increase the resistance to corrosion. 3. It is possible to design and manufacture steel lined pipes with HDPE internal liner. 99
Classification of Pipes According to Environmental Conditions The types of pipes according to environmental conditions shall be as specified below: Type 1: Pipes intended for installation in a non-aggressive environment for conveying non-aggressive liquids. Type 2: Pipes intended for installation in a marine environment or intended for conveying seawater. Type 2A - In the sea at a depth greater than 2 m., or conveying seawater under pressure. Type 2B - In area with seawater spray or in the sea at a depth of up to 2 m., or for conveyance of seawater under partial flow conditions. Type 3: Pipes intended for installation in an aggressive environment or for conveying aggressive liquids. Type 3A - Mild aggressiveness. Type 3B - Moderate aggressiveness. Type 3C - Severe aggressiveness. Levels of Chemical Aggressiveness of a Dry Ground Environment Criterion of Aggressiveness Acidity (ml per kg) Level of Aggressiveness Mild Moderate Severe More than 200 - - So4 (mg per kg) 1000-3000 3000-000 000-24000 Ground resistance (ohm per cm) 5000-10000 2000-5000 Less than 2000 Classification of pipes required 3A 3B 3C Levels of Chemical Aggressiveness of a Liquid Environment Criterion of Aggressiveness ph value CO2 dissolved carbonic acid + NH4 (mg/liter) Level of Aggressiveness Mild Moderate Severe 5.5-6.5 15-40 15-30 4.5-5.5 40-100 30-60 4.0-4.5 > 100 60-100 MG ++ (mg/liter) 300-1000 1000-3000 > 3000 SO4 - (mg/liter) 200-600 600-3000 3000-6000 Classification of pipes required 3A 3B 3C Remarks concerning the table: 1. The levels of aggressiveness are identical to those in the IS 466 part 1 in regard to the environment of buildings or building components. 2. The classification level relates both to the environment in which the pipe will be installed as well as the liquids in it. 3. Based on IS 27, May 2010. 100
Stages of Design and Selection of Pipes Intended for Conveying Liquids in a Partial Section Flow (Gravity) and Intended for Installation by Cut and Cover. Determination of the diameters of the pipes Determination of the classification of the pipes according to environmental conditions Selection of the various means for withstanding environmental conditions Determination of the classification of the pipes according to their strength Detailed design of the pipe By the designer/planner By the designer/planner By the designer/planner + manufacturer of the pipes By the manufacturer of the pipes By the manufacturer of the pipes As part of the planning of the system according to the planned flow capacity, the slopes and other relevant data. According to the conditions in the environment of the pipes, according to the liquids in the pipe. (See additional detailed pages). 1. According to the Standard various means should be taken into consideration in the design of the pipes in order to suit them to the environmental conditions. 2. Determination of the type of gasket integral or non-integral. Determination of the anticipated static and dynamic loads on the pipe, according to cross sections, soil data, type of base and so on. Performance of static calculations to determine the pipe class. Preparation of a production file for the project and submission for approval of the designer if required. List of standard diameters Ø400 Ø500 Ø600 Ø800 Ø1000 Ø50 Ø1500 Ø1800 Ø2000 Ø2400 Type 1: Pipes intended for installation in a non-aggressive environment for conveying non-aggressive liquids. Type 2A: In the sea at a depth greater than 2 m., or conveying seawater under pressure. Type 2B: In area with seawater spray or in the sea at a depth of up to 2 m., or for conveyance of seawater under partial flow conditions Type 3A: Mild aggressiveness. Type 3B: Moderate aggressiveness. Type 3C: Severe aggressiveness. Use of internal HDPE liner. Use of internal/external coating. Use of special cement. Use of special additives. Determination of the strength of the concrete and water/cement ratio. Determination of the amount of cement per cubic meter. Determination of the thickness of the covering above the reinforcement (internal and external). Non-reinforced concrete pipes Ø400 Ø50 Reinforced concrete pipes Ø400 Ø3200 class 1 class 2 class 3 class 4 class 5 Or any other higher grade of strength as required. The production file shall include: 1. Pipe data. 2. List of materials, additives and such like. 3. Gaskets data. 4. Reinforcement plans. Prior to the tender After the tender and after determination of the winning bid for production of the pipes Remarks: 1. The method and order of things described above are those recommended by the Wolfman Company. 2. The Wolfman Company can submit price quotes for a tender in which the grade of pipe, in terms of strength, has not yet been determined by the designer. 3. The determination of criteria for calculating static and dynamic loads applied to the pipe (thickness of the covering above the pipe, level of installation, the returning filling in material, loads of vehicles or train and any additional data) shall be supplied by the planner/ designer. 4. Based on and complying with IS 27, May 2010. 101
Water tightness of Joints and Pipes, Magnu Crete - F; Magnu Crete -M Requirements of the Standard IS 27 (May 2010), which is the official Standard (binding Standard), specifies the requirements well concerning gaskets, the joints and water tightness of the pipes and the joints. The requirements contained in the Standard are as follows: 1. All the pipes are required to have flexible joints integral gaskets, or separate gaskets supplied together with the pipes by the manufacturer of the pipes. 2. All the connected pipes are required to be water tight (this requirement is applicable for all types of pipes, for water conveyors, drainage lines, sewage lines and other types). 3. The gaskets are required to be standard as specified in the EN-681-1 Standard or IS 14, part 2. The pipe manufacturer is required to specify the gaskets for his pipes in his catalog, and to supply them together with the pipes. Testing of the water tightness of the pipes and joints should take place at the manufacturer s factory, with 2 pipes joined together in the test device. The test procedure is described in IS 27 (EN1816 in Annex-E, which is part of the Standard). Test pressure is 100kPa. During the testing procedure shear force should be applied between the pipes as well as an angular deviation between them as specified in the Standard. Magnu Crete F (Female) Magnu Crete M (Male) Round Gasket with Fin Integral gasket in the bell W Gasket is supplied separately from the pipe W W Disqualified '' 2-4 : 2 4 cm Space W permitted, cm Range of diameters - 4.5 Ø40 - Ø180 3-5 Ø200 2 4 '' 2-4 cm: Space W permitted, cm The Wolfman Company installs the most up-to-date and the widest integral gaskets in the Magnu Crete F pipes. These gaskets ensure the best joint and water tightness of the pipe lines. The types of gaskets are: ANKER-2000-L made by the CORDES Company Or BL-T made by the DENSO Company Range of diameters 2-4 Ø40 - Ø100 3-5 Ø5 - Ø240 Please note: Magnu Crete - M pipes must be purchased together with '' gaskets 2-4 : from the same manufacturer. Incompatibility between the gasket and the pipe will cause defective functioning of the system or pipe failure. To install the pipes at the contractor s site, he should use lubricant of the Magnuslip type, which can be purchased from Wolfman. 102 Magnu Crete M (The gasket is fitted by the contractor at the site) Magnu Crete F (The gasket is integrated in the bell section)
Table of Data and Dimensions for all Types of Table of Dimensions and Weights for Ø40 - Ø100 Magnu Crete - F and Magnu Crete - M Pipes Nominal diameter d Ø (cm) 40 50 60 80 Wall thickness T (cm) 7.5 8.5 10.4 Bell diameter D Ø (cm) 69 79 89 117 Useable length L (meter) Weight per meter length (kg) 3 408 570 890 Weight of entire pipe (kg) 780 1020 1425 2225 100 14.8 144 1300 3250 Table of Dimensions and Weights for Ø5 - Ø320 Pipes, Magnu Crete - M (for Ø5 - Ø320) and Magnu Crete - F (for Ø5 - Ø200) Nominal diameter Wall thickness Bell diameter Useable length Weight per meter Weight of entire d Ø (cm) T (cm) D Ø (cm) L (meter) length (kg) pipe (kg) 5 17.5 174 2010 5025 Bell diameter D Ø 150 Useable length L 18 Wall thickness T 205 Nominal diameter d Ø 2360 5900 180 20 240 3180 7950 200 20 240 3530 8825 240 24 288 4770 11925 320 30 380 7900 31615 Bell diameter D Ø القطر االسمي قطر الجرس Wall T - الجانبي thickness الس مك T Nominal diameter d Ø Useable المستخدم length الطول L 103
- - - - Remarks 1. The price tables refer to both reinforced and non-reinforced concrete pipes, of type 1 according to environmental conditions (non-aggressive environment and non-aggressive liquids regular pipes). 2. The price tables refer to pipes for cut and cover installation. 3. For pipes for different environmental conditions than type 1 - prices that differ from the following tables, will be provided according to special agreement. 4. Pipes with a round gasket are not Standard compliant. 5. The pipes are standard and comply with IS 27, May 2010. 6. The pipes are intended for conveying liquids in a partial flow section (gravitational flow). MGM Type (with a standard gasket supplied separately for installation by the contractor). Non-reinforced concrete pipes - Reinforced concrete pipes Delivery price per meter length in NIS Internal Model diameter Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 in cm Prices per meter length in NIS MGM-40 40 292.- 395.- 407.- 418.- 437.- 482.- 32.- MGM-50 50 368.- 545.- 565.- 573.- 613.- 682.- 45.- MGM-60 60 524.- 743.- 769.- 801.- 853.- 915.- 54.- MGM-80 80 740.- 1,152.- 1,195.- 1,233.- 1,332.- 1,591.- 90.- MGM-100 100 1,021.- 1,632.- 1,685.- 1,728.- 1,852.- 2,272.- 9.- MGM-5 0 1,735.- 2,462.- 2,639.- 2,59 I.- 2,757.- 3,180.- 230.- MGM-150 150 2,811.- 3,102.- S.I 61.- 3,463.- 3,992.- 408.- MGM-180 180 4,727.- 5,145.- 5,333.- 5,719.- 6,118.- 475.- MGM-200 200 5,268.- 5,758.- 5,957.- 6,732.- 7,698.- 908.- MGM-240 MGM-320 240 320 Prices according to agreement MGF Type (with an integral gasket in the female section). Model Non-reinforced Reinforced concrete pipes Internal concrete diameter pipes Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 in cm Prices per meter length in NIS Class 5 MGF-40 40 322.- 434.- 448.- 460.- 480.- 531.- 32.- MGF-50 50 405.- 600.- 622.- 630.- 674.- 750.- 45.- MGF-60 60 577.- 817.- 846.- 881.- 939.- 1,006.- 54.- MGF-80 80 813.- 1,267.- 1,315.- 1,357.- 1,469.- 1,750.- 90.- MGF-100 100 I,I24.- 1,796.- 1,854.- 1,901.- 2,037.- 2,499.- 9.- MGF-5 0 1,910.- 2,708.- 2,902.- 2,851.- 3,032.- 3,497.- 230.- MGF-150 150 3,091.- 3,4.- 3,477.- 3,809.- 4,391.- 408.- MGF-180 180 5,200.- 5,660.- 5,867.- 6,291.- 6,730.- 475.- MGF-200 200 5,794.- 6,334.- 6,553.- 7,405.- 8,468.- 908.- - Delivery price per meter length in NIS 104 Cutting pipes: A cut pipe shall be charged as a full-length pipe + 30%. The price of Magnuslip NIS 267 for a 3.5 kg container.
Integral Manholes - Table of Dimensions, Data and Prices Model Pipe diameter, D (cm) Chimney diameter, d (cm) Functional height of product, H (cm) Pipe wall thicness, t1 (cm) Chimney wall thicness, t2 (cm) Integral chamber weight (kg) Magnu Crete -M integral chamber, price per unit in NIS Magnu Crete - F integral chamber, price per unit in NIS Price of delivery per unit in NIS MIT-80-50 80 50 160.4 10 2400 13,610 14,310.- 557.- MIT-80-60 80 60 160.4 10 2400 13,610.- 14,310.- 557.- MIT-100-80 100 80 160 14.8 3400 13,930.- 14,650.- 787.- MIT-100-100 100 100 135 14.8 13 3400 13,930.- 14,650.- 787.- MIT-5-100 5 100 162 17.5 13 5025 16,850.- 17,750.- 1,110.- MIT-150-100 150 100 185 18 13 5900 18,910.- 19,910.- 1,250.- MIT-150-5 150 5 185 18 14 5900 18,910.- 19,910.- 1,250.- MIT-180-5 180 5 215 20 14 7950 23,580.- 24,810.- 1,517.- MIT-180-150 180 150 280 20 18 8050 23,580.- 24,810.- 1,517.- MIT-200-5 200 5 300 20 14 8825 27,980.- 29,310.- 2,836.- MIT-240-5 240 5 340 24 14 13575 MIT-240-150 240 150 340 24 18 975 Prices according to agreement General Data 1. Integral manholes are suitable for drainage and sewage lines. 2. No impediment to flow, rapidly and easily installed, less costly than a manhole cast on site. 3. The manhole is manufactured from reinforced concrete (the pipe and chimney). Flow direction Depth of inspection chambers (manholes) (as required) Functional height of the product Wide stepping rungs according to IS 631, part 2 Remark: In the MIT-80-50, MIT-80-60, MIT-100-80 and MIT-100-100 manholes the chimney is central. cover In the road In the sidewalk MT Ceiling Manhole rings According to the integral chambers at required heights With central chimney Integral manhole 250 105
Bent Pipes Concrete pipes can be bent to an angle according to the requirements of the planner a single bend to a maximum angle of 30 0. The length of a bent pipe of Ø80 and up: about 0 meters. The bent joints using the bell and spigot method are identical to those for concrete pipes. (Magnu Crete F and Magnu Crete M). It is possible to integrate bends with integral chambers and save on many rectangular chambers. While improving the flow of water. The strength of the bent pipes is according to the strength of the pipes along the line (class/type). And the water tightness is according to the water tightness of the pipes). Price according to agreement Pipelines with bends + manholes Examples of the use of bends Integral inspection chamber with bends before and after the chamber Rectangular inspection chamber with a bend 106
Magnu Crete Liner (MGL) with HDPE Polyethylene Inliner The recommended uses for a concrete pipe with an HDPE inliner Pipes of this type are recommended for use in the following situations: 1. Main sewage lines of Ø800 mm or greater. 2. Sewage lines in which especially aggressive wastewater flows. Why is use of a concrete pipe with an HDPE inliner recommended? Sewage lines and main sewage accumulators are expensive projects that are performed once in dozens of years and their continued existence in serviceable condition is anticipated to last for an extensive period. Renovation and repair of main sewage lines is extremely expensive, involves complex work and usually impossible because it is impossible to shut down the line. Replacement of a main sewage line is extremely expensive and often impossible when referring to densely populated urban areas. Use of concrete pipes with HDPE inliner, have the following attributes and advantages: 1. Very high mechanical strength due to the concrete pipes. 2. Excellent chemical durability due to the HDPE inliner. 3. Excellent water tightness resulting from welding the inliners together between the pipes. 4. Greater service life than any other line as aresult of a combination of the strength of the concrete with the excellent chemical durability of the HDPE inliner. Although the initial cost of the concrete pipe with the HDPE inliner is higher than that of a regular pipe, in the long run this will prove to be a most worthwhile investment in economic and engineering terms. Technical knowledge and backup The Wolfman Company is associated, in this regard, with the Austrian Agru Company, which is a world leader in this field. The knowledge, experience and technological capability of the Agru Company is available to Wolfman for the purpose of implementing pipelines of this type in Israel. HDPE = High Density Polyethylene Jacking pipes with liner Jacking liner pipes In pipes of Ø50 and higher it is recommended to use a 5 mm thick liner. Use of HDPE liner reduces the amount of reinforcement as a result of the possibility to reduce the thickness of the concrete cover above the reinforcement on the internal side. Regular pipes with liner for cut and cover Price by agreement 107
Example of a Magnu Crete MGL (Liner) Pipe Integral rubber gasket in female section Pipe length Liner anchors connecting it to the concrete Magnu-Crete F concrete pipe with integrated gasket in female section Internal high density polyethylene (HDPE) liner Bell Connection of liners to each other is by EXTRUDER welding after assembly of the pipes Connection of liners to each other is by EXTRUDER welding after assembly of the pipes A Technical Data 1. Magnu-Crete -Liner (MGL) pipes are intended for sewage lines in which high durability to aggressive wastewater as well as maximum watertightness is required. 2. The inner liner (inliner) consists of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) manufactured by the Agru Company in Austria. The entire liner is covered with integral anchors ensuring excellent anchoring to the concrete. 3. The thickness of the liner is 3 mm or more according to the requirements of the customer/planner. For pipes with a diameter of 5 cm or more, a 5 mm thick liner is recommended. 4. Connection of the pipes to each other is by welding the liners to each other after the pipes are installed in place. There is no need for an overlapping strip. 5. Experienced welders from Wolfson, with appropriate experience and certifications, must perform the welding of the liners to each other at the site. The welding shall only be by EXTRUDER. 6. The concrete pipes have an integral embedded gasket. The gasket complies with Standards DIN 4060 and EN 681, applying to sewage. 7. The class of pipes in terms of strength and environmental conditions are according to IS 27 (May 2010). 108 B
Jacking Pipes Types of Jacking Pipes that the Wolfman Company Manufactures Jacking Pipes for water conveyors and drainage lines. Jacking Pipes for sewage lines. Jacking Pipes for pressure lines. Jacking Pipes with steel liners (pressure lines). Jacking Pipes with GRP liners. Jacking Pipes for Utility tunnels including inside steel accessories ( decorations ). Jacking Pipes with HDPE liners for saltwater or other lines. Jacking Pipes made of special cement. Jacking Pipes according to special design and requirements. Design and Manufacture of Supplementary Fittings and Special jacking Intermediate stations including steel components. Front pipes. Transfer pipes and connection to other types of pipes. Pipes of special lengths. Testing Equipment and Services Dimensions testing. Mechanical tests. Crushing tests. Water tightness of joints test. Water tightness of pipes test (pressure test). Tests of water tightness and pressure in the installed lines. Experience The Wolfman Company has acquired extensive experience in the design, production, supply and testing of various types of Jacking Pipes. Since 1996 the company has been intensely engaged in this field, in cooperation with designers both in this country and abroad, as well as with foreign companies with extensive experience in this field. Jacking Pipes According to Molds Existing at Wolfman Inner diameter ID mm Outer diameter OD mm 800 1100 150 3000 ~3.4 00 1720 260 4000 ~.4 50 1570 160 4000 ~7.0 1600 1940 170 4000 ~9.1 1600 2000 200 4000 ~11.3 1600 2160 280 4000 ~16.6 1800 2160 180 4000 ~11.4 2000 2400 200 3000 ~10.0 2000 2500 250 3000 ~13.0 2500 3100 300 4000 ~25.3 Other dimensions by request Wall thickness T mm Maximum length L mm Weight of full length pipe - tons mm 2200 2800 300 4000 ~23.5 2600 3100 250 4000 ~21.6 3200 3800 300 4000 ~33.0 Jacking Pipes are manufactured by Wolfman Industries according to IS 27 - May 2010 Price according to agreement 109
Magnu Crete, Ø5 Ø240 Data concerning the method of lifting for concrete pipes Table of data for DEHA anchors For Ø5 Ø240 Inner pipe diameter ID in cm Wall thickness T in cm Weight of pipe in tons DEHA Universal Head Lifting Link Designation 5 17.5 5.025 6102-6.0/10.0 150 18.0 5.90 6102-6.0/10.0 180 20 7.95 6102-6.0/10.0 Remark: According to the Standard it is prohibited to use lifting holes 200 20 8.825 6102-6.0/10.0 240 24 11.925 6102-6.0/10.0. Remark: According to the DEHA catalog, when the angle between the lifting chains is no greater than 60 0, there is no reduction in the lifting capacity of the anchors. Lifting ring Chain sling for Ø5 Ø240 tons lifting capacity Length of the chain at least 1 meter to ensure maximum 600 Center of gravity 110
Pressure Pipes The Wolfman Company designs and manufactures large diameter pressure pipes of diverse types. Purpose: Force/Rising main pipes in sewage systems, large diameter water lines, cooling systems at power stations and chemical plants. Types: 1. Pipes for cut and cover installation. 2. Jacking Pipes. Structure of the pipes: 1. Reinforced concrete pipes for bell and spigot connection. 2. Reinforced concrete pipes with inner steel liner and welded connection between the pipes. 3. Reinforced concrete pipes with inner steel liner and additional layer of reinforced concrete on inner side. Fittings: In addition to pipes, the Wolfman Company designs and manufactures fittings for pressure lines as follows: 1. Elbows. 2. Reducers. 3. Branches. 4. Flanges and blind flanges. 5. Cups. Advantages: 1. Suitable for heavy and large diameter systems. 2. Suitable for use as Jacking Pipes for pressure lines. 3. Good protection of the steel (liner) from corrosion by inner and outer reinforced concrete. 4. Suitable for high surface loads in addition to inner pressure by means of the possibility to design a pipe that integrates reinforced concrete with a steel liner. ELBOW 90 0 Reducers ELBOW 45 0, 30 0 Installing large diameter pressure pipes 111