Experiences in positioning and sensor network applications with Ultra Wide Band technology WAMS LANGATTOMUUDESTA UUTTA BISNESTÄ Timo Lehikoinen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
10/14/2013 2 Contents of my speech 1. VTT Embedded Sensors and Appliances team 2. UWB technology basics 3. UWB positioning methods 4. Researched UWB solutions 5. Potential usages for UWB technology 6. Experiences on utilizing UWB technology 7. Short demo on positioning
10/14/2013 3 VTT Embedded Sensors and Appliances team UWB data transmission and positioning technologies Impulse radar technology Relative distance Energy harvesting, management and wireless energy transmission Short range wireless technologies (WSN s, indoor positioning, RFID, NFC) Energy harvesting and transmission technologies. RFID, NFC research, NFC charging. NFC Charging WPC Charging "Qi low power" "Qi medium power" "NFC low power" "NFC high power" 0.1 W 1 W 10 W 100 W
10/14/2013 4 UWB technology basics Relatively immune to disturbances. Doesn t disturb conventional radio transmitters (power level ca. 1 mw). Operational distance < 100 meters. Very broad signal bandwidth, typically > 500 MHz. Very fast pulses -> great accuracy in positioning applications.
10/14/2013 5 WiMedia UWB technology basics UWB Wider range Other applications According to IEEE 802.15.4 6.8Mbps @ 70m 110Kbps @ 500m
UWB technology basics 10/14/2013 6
10/14/2013 7 UWB positioning methods AOA method UWB pulse t 1 Tag t 2 UWB pulse Tag location can be calculated from angles of arrival (α 1 and α 2 ). This in 3-D, too. α 1 α 2 Sensor node Sensor node
10/14/2013 8 UWB positioning methods TOA, TDOA methods Sensor node UWB pulse t 1 UWB pulse Tag t 3 t 2 UWB pulse Tag location can be calculated from flying times t1, t2 and t3. Or from time differences of these flying times (sensor nodes must be synchronized). This in 3-D, too. Sensor node Sensor node
10/14/2013 9 Researched UWB solutions Uses ultra-wideband (UWB) radio Sensors use combined Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) and Time-Difference-of-Arrival technology (TDoA) Promised 3D location accuracy of 15cm across 95% of readings Max. Tag-Sensor range 160m; update rate of 10Hz
0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,2 0,22 0,24 0,26 0,28 0,3 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,38 0,4 More 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,2 0,22 More Frequency Frequency Frequency 10/14/2013 10 Researched UWB solutions 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 120,00% 100,00% 80,00% 60,00% 40,00% 20,00% 0,00% Cumulative mean error distribution for location estimation in a NLOS environment (concrete wall, 24 db output power attenuation) Prototype UWB ranging device Ranging error (m) 30 120,00% 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 120,00% 100,00% 80,00% 60,00% 40,00% 20,00% 0,00% 25 20 15 10 5 0 100,00% 80,00% 60,00% 40,00% 20,00% 0,00% Error (m) Cumulative mean error distribution for location estimation in a static LOS environment (distance 23 m) Error (m) Cumulative mean error distribution for dynamic location estimation (v = 1 m/s) in a LOS environment
10/14/2013 11 Researched UWB solutions Designed UWB transceiver with an antenna. VTT has developed embedded software implementing positioning and datatransmission using IEEE 802.15.4 (2011) standard. MAC layer is currently under construction
10/14/2013 12 Potential usages for UWB technology Data transmission Positioning of boom head Positioning of joints Automatic work phases
10/14/2013 13 Potential usages for UWB technology Positioning 3D positioning Removing cables Wireless data transmission Energy Harvesting
10/14/2013 14 Potential usages for UWB technology Positioning Avoiding collisions Data transmission Removing cables Automatic work phases
10/14/2013 15 Experiences on utilizing UWB technology AOA technology One source of measurement error derives from calibration inaccuracy (sensor position, yaw, pitch and roll) Creating a toolbox to help with the calibration process (to reduce the amount of survey point measurements needed) The toolbox calculates, for example, weighted mean values for sensor s properties (angle/cable offset) from several measurement points and shows the measured position (and error) in real-time.
0.01 0.04 0.07 0.1 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.4 0.43 0.46 0.49 10/14/2013 16 Experiences on utilizing UWB technology AOA technology 18 Ski Tunnel in July 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5 100,00% 90,00% 80,00% 70,00% 60,00% 50,00% 40,00% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% Horizontal error (m)
10/14/2013 17 Experiences on utilizing UWB technology TOA technology, accuracy measurements
10/14/2013 18 Experiences on utilizing UWB technology TOA technology, accuracy measurements
10/14/2013 19 Experiences on utilizing UWB technology TOA technology, ProComSen Positioning of personnel in hazardous areas (Oil refineries, Emergency, Ship yards ). Data (voice) connection to control center.
10/14/2013 20 Experiences on utilizing UWB technology TOA technology, ProComSen
10/14/2013 21 VTT creates business from technology