PAN networks Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

Transcription

1 PAN networks Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

2 Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

3 Elektrobit Plc. Elektrobit Group's business idea is to improve the competitiveness of the customer's product and production by assuming total or partial responsibility for product development, product design and the implementation of production and testing solutions employees, including R&D engineers Productization-service concept Customers are leading global industry companies Worldwide operating network in 14 countries Net sales 2004 MEUR 203 Listed on the Helsinki Exchanges Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

4 Issues to be studied in this session: Trends shortly Introduction to Short Range RF technologies Bluetooth (BT) introduction with few words some special issues concerning BT Other Short Range RF technologies new possibilities and challenges miscannelous chip sets Introduction to inductive technologies RFID NFC Other inductive technologies Acoustic technologies Optical technologies Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

5 General Trends in Smart devices Towards smaller solutions Towards more powerful and intelligent devices Towards shorter development times Towards shorter component and product delivery times Towards shorter product life times Towards shorter and longer product response for seller and supplier shorter : no AMS (After market services) offered, e.g. no fixing longer: Environment aspects according to EuP in summarum: total response times shortening Towards more environment aware technologies RoHS WEEE Towards more plastics Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

6 General Trends in Smart devices... From wired to wireless From stand alone ( isolated ) devices to networked devices From special use cases to every day use cases From application focus to networked operation focus communication security to stand alone operation to operation affected by other devices From analog audio to digital audio and data communication Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

7 General Trends in Smart devices... Energy issues arising very important especially in wireless solutions mining energy from operation environment more and more attractive energy saving technologies needed better energy storages ( batteries,...?) waited Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

8 General Trends in Smart devices... Business in all lies on ideas and concepts, no more in technology competence itself!!! Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

9 Communications, Inter-Play between the Zones UWB Other technologies Misc.freq. RF solutions Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

10 PAN network technologies - Usage of different technologies and freq. bands recommendated for future solutions - Wired!! - Bluetooth - WLAN b - misc. frequence chip sets - UWB - Inductive technologies - Acoustic technologies - Optical technologies -?? Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

11 RF technology in PAN networks Frequence band allocations 2.4 GHz most commonly used -> interferences between same kind and different kind of systems waited many other suitable bands because range small and low bit rate communication needs - usage of other (lower) frequence bands is mainly limited by antenna size and international regulations - The regulations limits: - frequence band and bandwidth - bandwidth -> avaiable data rate vs. noise - duty cycle - power levels Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

12 RF technology in PAN networks Duty cycle limitations 2.4 GHz has typical no limitations other bands duty cycle limitations varies between 1 10 % limitations can cause serious problems in hot pots and base stations In data intensive systems decrease total bit rates Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

13 RF technology in PAN networks Interferences between communicating systems 2.4 GHz most commonly used -> interferences between same kind and different kind of systems waited frequence hopping doesn t help when systems are communicating too near to each other because LNA ( low noise amplifier) blocking effects CDMA based systems blocks easy, too Very good power control algorithms needed to avoid the problems Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

14 RF technology in PAN networks Unsychronous systems In frequence hopping systems the statistical slot collisions affects in systems where many networks operating in same area: Probability to error free transmission decreases with number of piconets increasing Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

15 RF technology in PAN networks Unsychronous systems In frequence hopping systems sending a block in a time slot can affect blocks sended in other piconets in preceding and following time slots > many slots disturbed affects to total bit rates can affect more than pure statistical collisions in ideal system N1 f1 f3 f31 N2 f10 f5 N3 f1 f Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

16 Bluetooth technology, introduction Technical Universal radio interface for ad hoc, wireless connectivity Data connection via short-range (10m) ad hoc networks using the license-free 2.45 GHz (ISM) band Low-cost RF modules for mass market (target price: 5$) Low power consumption Voice and data transmission Applications mainly for all portable devices Project In Feb Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel (promoter group) founded the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). In Dec the promoter group was extended by Microsoft, Lucent, 3Com and Motorola. Lots of other companies and institutions joined the SIG as adopters of the technology Aims of the project: Common Bluetooth specification (de facto standard) Certification of Bluetooth products ( Bluetooth inside ) Zero cost license agreement for all interested companies source: R&S Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

17 Bluetooth technology, introduction... Radio Radio Specs Specs GHz, GHz, ISM ISM band band (or (or 23) 23) RF RF channels channels Carrier Carrier spacing spacing 1 1 MHz MHz Peak TX power 20 dbm Peak TX power 20 dbm Sensitivity about -90 dbm Sensitivity about -90 dbm G-FSK modulation G-FSK modulation Channel Channel usage usage TDD TDD Frequency Frequency hopping hopping hops/s hops/s (625 (625 µs µs intervals) intervals) 1 1 Mbit/s Mbit/s gross gross datarate datarate Voice Voice Link Link SCO SCO synchronous synchronous Forward Forward Error Error Correction Correction (FEC) (FEC) CVSD CVSD voice voice encoding encoding 64kBit/s 64kBit/s Data Data Link Link ACL ACL asynchronous asynchronous fast fast acknowledge acknowledge max. max. datarates: datarates: 433,9 433,9 kbit/s kbit/s (symmetric) (symmetric) 723,2 723,2 / / 57,6 57,6 kbit/s kbit/s (asymmetric) (asymmetric) Can Can be be used used to to audio audio stream stream connections connections!!!! source: R&S Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

18 Bluetooth technology, data rates ACL packets 1 slot packets 3 slot packets 5 slot packets SCO packets source: R&S source: R&S Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

19 Bluetooth technology, actual position in market Bluetooth has redeemed it s promises: Total market very large pricing according to estimates : 5 $ / chip today But Bluetooth is not the Bluetooth it was originally intended: Bluetooth is not cable replacement in PC/Mobile data world, it s an audio link and bad such!! IF THE DEVELOPERS OF BLUETOOTH HAD SEEN WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS TO BLUETOOTH, THEY HAD DONE ANOTHER KIND OF BLUETOOTH OR NO BLUETOOTH!! Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

20 Bluetooth Product Certification - Type Approval Process M A N U F A C T U R E R ETS ETS FCC Part Pretesting National Standards Technical specifications DESIGN BQF Pretesting Technical support European standards Approval Testing National standards USA standards Certification process CERTIFICATION BQTF Testing BQB Certification CHANGE OF COMPONENTS CHANGE OF NAMES Global Market Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit Source: CETECOM

21 Bluetooth Technology at Elektrobit Group, company case Capability to design modules or whole products from feasibility study to the production Over 20 RF Engineers, 40 HW Engineers and 50 SW Engineers with solid technical Bluetooth background in Elektrobit Group Dedicated antenna design group capable to develop internal BT antenna Dedicated electromechanics group capable to develop product mechanics Adopter Member of SIG (Special Interest Group) Member of several Bluetooth research programs Extensive In-house training held for Bluetooth Qualification & Requirements under R&TTE-directive Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

22 Bluetooth Reference Projects and Products, company case Developed Bluetooth Interface unit for industrial automation Applications for industry Headset Transceiver unit for video broadcasting LAN&WLAN Access Point VGA Access Point Integrated antennas for Smartphones Several Bluetooth HW, Mechanics, PWB, RF and Testing implementation projects at several sites Bluetooth HW module design and implementation projects with various HW platforms Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

23 Bluetooth Reference SW Projects in Elektrobit, company case Developed and verified own BT stack already in 2001 Developed mini-obex stack on top of Bluetooth Bluetooth SW Device Driver design and implementation projects with various HW platforms Bluetooth implementations in various mobile terminals, incl. Symbian terminals Developed Bluetooth SW Profiles A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) Remote control Hands-free SAP (Sim Access Profile) HID (Human Interface Device) PAN (Personal Area Network) Sim Access Profile (SAP) design & implementation in a car phone Both Symbian / non-symbian Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

24 Bluetooth Testing and Validation at Elektrobit, company case Semi-automated Bluetooth Test Set s for fast functional test and performance test over the RF-interface R&D test benches for Bluetooth SW profiles Complete set of IOP/IOT Test Specification and Scenarios available In-house EMC Pre-compliance Anechoic Chambers for Telecommunication EMC including Mobile Phones and Base Stations Partly pre-compliant for Automotive, Commercial Electronics, Defence, Medical Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

25 Other short range RF technologies There on the markets are numerous amount of competetive short range radio systems, coalitions and manufacturers: UWB CHIRP technology WLAN ZigBee ZenSys Xemics etc Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

26 Other short range RF technologies, case UWB UWB is a most interesting new technology today first introductions perhaps in WUSB (Wireless Usb) solutions both data communication and short range positioning Beasd on short pulses using wide spectrum ( about GHz) Modulation bit position (time) based Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

27 Other short range RF technologies, case NanoNet Robust Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation (CSS) Maximum 2 Mbps physical data rate Range of up to 900 meters outdoors and 60 meters indoors (typ.) Sleep mode with extremely low power consumption (1.5 ua) Logical network separation (24 bit network access codes) CSMA/CA with Exponential Backoff and Virtual Carrier Sensing TDMA support Unicast and broadcast mode 48 bit addresses for huge number of network nodes 128 bit encryption of user data Error correction (CRC, retransmission protocol, FEC) Variable packet length (1 to 8192 bytes of data) 2 logical channels Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

28 Other short range RF technologies, case NanoNet Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

29 Other short range RF technologies, short introduction to CHIRP technology... SINC pulse in frequence domain CHIRP pulse SINC pulse in time domain Linear Frequence Modulated (LFM) pulse source: nanotron Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

30 Other short range RF technologies, short introduction to CHIRP technology... Multi Dimensional Multi Access communication DDL: Dispersive Delay Line source: nanotron Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

31 Other short range RF technologies, CHIRP technology HW implementation example source: nanotron Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

32 NanoPAN module source: nanotron In Finland VTT Oulu studing CSS /NanoNet technology Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

33 Other short range RF technologies, case...1 RFM TR1001 module Includes both receuver & transmitter ( = Transceiver) ASH ( Amplifier Sequence Hybrid ) technoly Bit rates up 115 kbit/s Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

34 Other short range RF technologies, case...2 Cipconn CC2420 2,4 GHz frequence band Data rates up to 250 kbit/s Can be used with ZigBee Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

35 Inductive technologies, introduction Inductive technology is very short range ( 1-2 m) technology Includes no risk to be spied remotely Enables tens of P2P solutions to operate in same small area No fading problems Can be good solution when passive data sources used ( passive RFID) when very short distance is OK (NFC) when communication speed is about some kbit/s in maximum One enabling technology for off-line read/written sensors Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

36 Inductive technologies, security and co-operation between systems is based on attenuation: Magnetic field attenuates in 1/r 6 vs. RF-signal, which attenuates in 1/r Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

37 Inductive technologies, a usage case, tens of units in same area HEAD yyy Induct. TX/RX All time link xxx Induct. TX/RX SET Audio streamer LOOP ANTENNA CAN BE INTEGRATED TO DEVICE CASE TOOTH (slave) DURING CALL BLUE- BLUE- TOOTH (master) Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

38 Inductive technologies, RFID Spreading to everywhere because the usage in logistics Main frequence band today 13,56 MHz Enables reading passive and active tags Usage in opening communication in communication (Main usage in logistics, where world wide markets are growing to billions of unit annually ) Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

39 Inductive technologies, case NFC NFC = Near Field Communication Following RFID technology Typically used in bi-directional communication Spreading with mobiles as technology to get first idea of communication partner Typical operating range about some centimeters Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

40 Inductive technologies, case LibertyLink Developed by Aura Communications (USA) Communication up to 1,5 meters Chipsets and devel.kits avaiable for audio systems Data rates up to 410 kbit/s 13,56 MHz technology...can interfere sometimes with RFID I-code etc. systems Chip energy consumption low: 35 mw receiving streaming audio, 50 mw transmitting streaming audio GMSK modulation TDD technology Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

41 Inductive technologies, case LibertyLink... Reference design Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

42 Inductive technologies, case LibertyLink... Chip LL Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

43 Acoustic technologies Forgotten? Based on ultra-sonic transmitter and receivers Coming more important because: easy implementation operating range up to 10 meters data rates up to tens of kilobits/s can be best solution for short range positioning!! Interferences can occur with other Ultra-sonic sensors and big noise levels in general Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

44 Optical technologies Data rates up to tens of megabit/s Bit data rate enables TDMA based multi-user systems Good security Good co-operative alternative e.g. to environments where a lot of RF signals in use Moderate component costs No standards except IrDA and remote control unit of TVs etc Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

45 Optical technologies, usage case yyy Optical. TX/RX Audio streamer All time synchronized link LOOP ANTENNA CAN BE INTEGRATED TO DEVICE CASE xxx Optical TX/RX HEAD SET xxx and HEADSET can be integrated TOOTH (slave) DURING CALL BLUE- BLUE- TOOTH (master) Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit

46 Ilkka Korhonen Elektrobit Oy Ilkka Korhonen / Copyright Elektrobit