A BUDDECOMM REPORT TAJIKISTAN TELECOMS, MOBILE, AND INTERNET 18th Edition Researcher: Peter Evans Copyright 2013 Published 29 th January 2013 Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd Tel 02 4998 8144 Int: 61 2 4998 8144 5385 George Downes Drive Fax 02 4998 8247 Int: 61 2 4998 8247 BUCKETTY NSW 2250 Email: pbc@budde.com.au AUSTRALIA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter number: TABLE OF CONTENTS on page number: 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...1 2. KEY STATISTICS...3 2.1 Country overview...4 2.1.1 Background 2.1.2 Economy 3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET...5 3.1 Overview of Tajikistan s telecom market...5 3.2 Government criticism of telecom industry...6 4. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT...6 4.1 The regulatory authority...6 4.2 Law on Electrical Communication...7 4.3 Liberalisation...7 4.3.1 Privatisation of Tajiktelecom 4.3.2 World Trade Organization (WTO) 5. FIXED NETWORK OPERATOR...8 5.1 Tajiktelecom...8 6. TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE...8 6.1 National and international...8 6.2 Infrastructure developments...9 6.2.1 Next Generation Networks (NGNs) 7. INTERNET MARKET...10 7.1 Overview...10 7.2 Internet statistics...10 7.3 Internet regulation...12 7.3.1 Overview 7.3.2 Government control 7.4 Internet Service Providers (ISPs)...13 7.5 Government s e-strategy...13 7.6 WiMAX...13 8. MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS...14 8.1 Overview of Tajikistan s mobile market...14 8.2 Mobile statistics...14 8.3 Mobile technologies...16 8.3.1 Third Generation (3G) mobile 9. MAJOR MOBILE OPERATORS...16 9.1 Babilon Mobile...16 9.2 TCell (Indigo-Somoncom)...17 9.2.1 Indigo Tajikistan 9.2.2 Somoncom 9.3 Tacom / Beeline...18 9.4 TK Mobile...19 9.5 TT Mobile (Megafon)...19 9.6 M-Teko...20
TABLE OF CONTENTS 10. RELATED REPORTS...20 LIST OF TABLES Table number: on page number: Table 1 Country statistics Tajikistan 2013...3 Table 2 Telecom revenue and investment statistics 2008...3 Table 3 Telephone network statistics 2012...3 Table 4 Internet user statistics 2012...3 Table 5 Mobile statistics 2012...3 Table 6 National telecommunications authorities...3 Table 7 Tajikistan s GDP real growth rate 2003-2013...4 Table 8 Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 1995-2013...9 Table 9 Internet users 1999-2013...10 Table 10 Internet subscribers (fixed) 1999-2013...11 Table 11 Fixed broadband subscribers 2007-2012...11 Table 12 International internet bandwidth 2005-2012...11 Table 13 Mobile subscribers and annual change 1996-2013...14 Table 14 Mobile operators systems and launch dates 2012...15 Table 15 Mobile subscribers by operator and market share June 2011...15 Table 16 Mobile subscribers by operator and market share 2011...15 Table 17 3G mobile subscribers 2007-2009...15 Table 18 3G mobile subscribers by operator March 2009...16 Table 19 Babilon Mobile subscribers 2009; 2011-2012...16 Table 20 Indigo-Somoncom (TCell) mobile subscribers 2009; 2011-2012...17 Table 21 Tacom (Beeline) mobile subscribers 2009-2012...18 Table 22 Tacom (Beeline) - mobile ARPU 2011-2012...19 Table 23 Tacom (Beeline) - mobile broadband subscribers 2011 2012...19 LIST OF CHARTS Chart number: on page number: Chart 1 - Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity - 2000-2013...9 Chart 2 - Internet users - 2004-2013...11 Chart 3 - Mobile subscribers, annual change and penetration - 2003-2013...16 Chart 4 - Mobile operator market share 2011...17 For a full overview of our information on Asia, see at www.budde.com.au, or other BuddeComm reports on the Asia market: Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China East Timor Georgia Hong Kong India Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Laos Macau Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal North Korea Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam For a full overview of our vertical market reports on Asia, see: Asian Broadband Market;
9 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)-ring transmission systems in Dushanbe and Khujand dramatically improved the efficiency and reliability of existing services. Fixed-line teledensity has been struggling to move forward. It stood had almost reached % by 2012; more than % of these lines were in residential areas. The rural network continued to be in very poor condition and communications in rural and remote areas was largely dependent on mobile telephony. The country s mobile operators were continually extending their reach to remote areas. Table 8 Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 1995-2013 Year Fixed lines Annual change Teledensity 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (e) 2013 (e) (Source: BuddeComm based on ITU and industry data) Chart 1 - Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity - 2000-2013 (Source: BuddeComm based on ITU and industry data) While Tajikistan s national connectivity had been significantly improved over the years, the international infrastructure remained a challenge. The country s network was waiting to be connected into the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fibre optic cable system. The sector of the cable system connecting Tajikistan was designated E1 and ran from the Uzbekistan border to Dushanbe. The main system crossed some 27,000km of territory and provided digital circuits for transmitting voice, data and video information from Shanghai to Frankfurt and hundreds of other cities on the way. This cable was
13 documents relating to the IT sector. The SC monitors telecommunications, including the internet, for national security reasons. At the same time, the SC controls the implementation of the State Strategy on Information and Communication Technologies for Development of the Republic of Tajikistan. 7.3.2 Government control Tajikistan s constitutional law gives the president unprecedented authority over the media. At the same time the country does not have an official policy on internet filtering. However, state authorities have been known to restrict access to some websites at politically sensitive times by communicating their recommendations to ISPs. Prior to the 2006 presidential election, for example, the MOTC acting through the CRA issued a recommendation on filtering that advised ISPs that, for the purpose of information security, they should engage in filtering and block access to websites that aim to undermine the state policy in the sphere of information. According to the communication from the government, this decision had been taken in compliance with the national concept of information security developed in year 2003. It did not specify which websites the ministry wanted to block. However, one ISP, Eastera, was reported to have said that they had been asked to block access to [www.charogiruz.ru], [www.arianastorm.ru], [www.ferghana.ru], [www.tajikistantimes.ru] and [www.centrasia.org]. These websites were known for their frequent criticism of the government and its policies. Following the government action, users of major ISPs in Tajikistan, including Telecom Technology and Eastera, could not open these websites; however, Babilon users were continuing to browse the sites. In 2007, a media watchdog urged Tajikistan to relax the changes it had implemented to its criminal code that it believed could be used to restrict freedom of speech for people using the internet in the country. The Vienna-based Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) said amendments signed into law by President Emomali Rakhmon could subject Tajikistanis to criminal prosecution simply for participating in certain online forums or chat groups. There was particular concern about amendments that singled out intentional distribution via the internet of knowingly false, libellous and insulting information, as well as expletive words and phrases which denigrate the dignity of human personality. The watchdog said that under this law, any factual mistake or strong opinion published, republished, reported or discussed on the internet can be penalised. It could also be interpreted to criminalise not only online debates or discussions, but even obtaining objectionable information via email, a personal website, an online journal or a news portal. In an interesting twist in November 2011 Tajikistan hosted the OSCE s 13th Central Asia Media Conference, an event which among other things focused on issues of internet governance. At the conference, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media warned that internet freedom was increasingly under threat in Central Asia and called for governments in the region to promote, not block, access. In August 2012 TeliaSonera was attracting criticism for abetting an authoritarian regime with its operations in Tajikistan. With the company owning a majority stake in Tajikistan s leading mobile operator, TCell, it was inevitably seen as accountable for policy decisions by the subsidiary. TCell, along with Tajikistan s other mobile and internet providers, had earlier blocked access to scores of websites under an order from the government that relied on shaky legal grounds. An outbreak of fighting between local armed groups and government soldiers in Gorno-Badakhshan province in July left many dead. Many websites reporting the violence had been blocked afterwards and the government had kept most communications links with Gorno-Badakhshan severed. TeliaSonera claimed that the closures followed orders from the Tajik government. However, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) said TCell should have waited for court orders, under the international conventions that Tajikistan had signed. TeliaSonera noted that the service outages had affected approximately subscribers, representing % of TCell s subscriber base.
18 9 MAJOR MOBILE OPERATORS 9.1 BABILON MOBILE Tajik-American Joint-Stock Public Corporation, Babilon Mobile began operating a trial GSM 900 mobile service in 2002, followed by full commercial launch in Dushanbe and Khujand early in the following year. It went on to become the largest mobile operator in Tajikistan and held around % market share by 2007. (It lost the top-ranked position to combined market share of Indigo and Somoncom which was running at around % by 2009.) By 2012 Indigo-Somoncom had lost the lead to Babilon which had between % and % market share by that stage. In 2005 Babilon launched the first network in the Central Asian region, enabling the provision of a full range of services including voice and data transfer: General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), international roaming and various other services. Based on Huawei Technologies solutions, the 3G network initially provided coverage of Dushanbe, but was subsequently expanded to other regions of the country. commenced discussions on the acquisition of a majority stake in Babilon in. The mobile operator confirmed talks were ongoing. Babilon claimed to have around mobile subscribers in 2007 and close to by end-2008. There were no further reports of MTS s interest in Babilon. Table 19 Babilon Mobile subscribers 2009; 2011-2012 Year Subscribers 2009 (Mar) 2011 (Jun) 2011 (e) 2012 (e) (Source: BuddeComm based on industry data) In October 2012 Babilon Mobile announced the launch of a commercial service in the capital Dushanbe. The operator said it was using Huawei s modem to promote the offer of the 4G service. This device cost customers the time. 9.2 TCELL (INDIGO-SOMONCOM) Indigo Tajikistan and Somoncom have been operating under the TCell brand since March 2010. In July 2011 the two operators began work on formally integrating their respective operations. Prior to March 2010 the two operators had functioned as separate entities under their own respective brands, despite both having been majority owned by Sweden s TeliaSonera since 2007. By June 2011 the combined Tcell operation had a subscriber base totalling 1,857,000, making it the country s second largest operator behind Babilon-M. It was reported in July 2011 that the two mobile operators Indigo Tajikistan and Somoncom, which had been operating together under the TCell banner, had begun work on formally integrating their respective operations. The companies planned to move quickly on the process of integration.