Nautical Bottom How to keep mud under control Seminário Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias Rio de Janeiro 11 sep 2014 Joris Vanlede Flanders Hydraulics Research joris.vanlede@mow.vlaanderen.be
Zeebrugge 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 4
Zeebrugge 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 5
Zeebrugge LNG carrier 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 7
Zeebrugge CMA CGM Marco Polo (dec 2012) 396m 16,020 TEU ~15m 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 8
Nautical Accessibility Operational Limits Cross component of flow <2kn (~1 m/s) for Container vessels >200m <1,5kn (0,75 m/s) for incoming LNG carriers Accessibility window Nautical Bottom Sailing above/in mud 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 11
Nautical Accessibility Cross Component of Flow 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 12
Nautical Accessibility Accessability Window 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 13
Nautical Accessibility Operational Limits Cross component of flow Nautical Bottom Siltation (mud) Definition of Nautical Bottom (evolution) Dual criterium Surveying Dredging Practice 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 14
Zeebrugge Siltation ~4,000 TDM/tide (Neap Tide) ~12,000 TDM/tide (Spring Tide) Maintenance dredging: 5.15 x 10 6 TDM/year (2005-2011) 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 19
Nautical Bottom PIANC-IAPH 1997: The level where physical characteristics of the bottom reach a critical limit beyond which contact with a ship s keel causes either damage or unacceptable effects on controllability and manoeuvrability Translate into a Practical Criterium? Practical Measurement Strategy 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 20
Nautical Bottom (1986) Physical characteristics of mud In Situ (Zeebrugge) Rigidity Density 210 khz Rheological transition Depth 33 khz 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 21
Nautical Bottom (1986) Rheology over depth Rheological transition Corresponding Density Choice of Critical Density Zeebrugge 1.15 t/m³ (untill 2004) Rotterdam Nantes St-Nazaire, Bordeaux Cayenne Germany Practical Measurement Strategy 1.20 t/m³ 1.20 t/m³ 1.27 t/m³ 1.18-1.25 t/m³ Rheology density relation needs to be checked regularly 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 22
Depth Nautical Bottom (check 1997) Rigidity Rheological transition 1 Rheological transition 1987 1997 Rheological transition 2 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 23
Nautical Bottom PIANC-IAPH 1997: The level where physical characteristics of the bottom reach a critical limit beyond which contact with a ship s keel causes either damage or unacceptable effects on controllability and manoeuvrability Practical Criterium Practical Measurement Strategy Knowledge on effect of mud on ship controllability and manoeuvrability Rheology Internal waves (water mud interface) 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 25
Nautical Depth Criterium Zeebrugge (from 2004) Ship of certain draft Under Keel Clearance above 1.20 t/m3 Minimum 10% of draft maximum penetration below 210 khz Maximum 7% of draft 2 levels need to be surveyed 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 26
Dual Nautical Depth Criterium Ship of draft T Water Level (2,5m 4,5m ampl) 7% of draft 10% of draft 210 khz (top soft mud layer) 1,2 T/m³ (Nautical Bottom) 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 27
Surveying Profiles of 210 khz and Depth Soundings 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 28
Dredging Practice Dredging depth -13,5 m LAT -15,5 m LAT TDM/dredging trip 500 1000 1500 2000 Level dredging head 210 khz 1,2 T/m³ 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 30
Nautical Bottom Density Criterion as a proxy for rheological behaviour Update of the criterion checked against ship controllability and manoeuvrability Nautical Bottom definition in Zeebrugge Has changed in time Tailor-made, not generic Implies surveying techniques Implies dredging practice Acceptance Communication & Training 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 32
Current Research Activities Investing in system understanding Sediment Testing Tank Consolidation Columns Rheological Measurements (lab) Towing tests: submerged cilinder Physical test facility CFD modelling 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 34
Sediment Testing Tank 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 35
Sediment Testing Tank Comparison and validation of density monitoring devices Name Device Working principle Manufacturer /Company 1 D2ART Cs-137 source Seabed B.V. 2 Densitune Tuning fork Stema 3 Graviprobe Accelerometer dotocean 4 HRDP; (before: DRDP, Admodus USP) Acoustical 5 Navitracker Cs-137 source Gems 6 Navitracker 2011 Rontgen (x-ray) tube Gems 7 Rheotune Tuning fork Stema Greiser und partner. 8 Admodus USP Pro Acoustical Synergetik 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 36
Consolidation Columns Columns Tracer CT-scan 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 37
Consolidation Columns Zeebrugge Deurganckdok Rotterdam Ijmuiden Emden 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 38
Laboratory Density Rheology Anton Paar MCR301 Shear Stress/rate controlled Gamma (Cs 137) densitoscan Anton Paar DMA 35 Pycnometer 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 39
Rheology Lab Protocol 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 40
CFD Micro Macro 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 41
Towing Tests 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 42
CFD Feasibility study (FHR-Antea Group - Kuleuven) Can CFD be used as a tool to investigate the navigation of ships above and in contact with mud layers? Towing simplified geometry as a testcase Open Foam (Open Source CFD Software) Delivered end 2014 11 sep 2014 Seminar Internacional em Portos e Hidrovias 43