IC3 Internet and Computing Core Certification Guide

Transcription

1 IC3 Internet and Computing Core Certification Guide Global Standard 4 Living Online Lesson 12: The World Wide Web CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 1

2 Lesson Objectives the difference between the Internet, the World Wide Web, and browsers the structure of a URL identifying common web page elements the basic functions of web browsers navigating in a browser using tabbed browsing working with bookmarks viewing the history customizing web browser options CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 2

3 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web The Internet Vast global network that functions similar to school or company network Network is arrangement of computers connected to communicate and share information with each other Internet comprised of many smaller networks connected together to communicate and share information Internet is so large that you connect to it through service provider When subscribe to Internet service, pay Internet Service Provider (ISP) for Internet connection CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 3

4 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web Clients and Servers Client is any computer that requests service or resource from another computer on network Server is any computer that provides requested services or resources to other computers (clients) Web server hosts or stores company s or individual's web site Web site is collection of interconnected pages of information about company, person, product, or service When connect to Internet and visit web page: Computer and browser software act as clients CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 4

5 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web A Brief Introduction to Connection Hardware Dial-up connections use standard analog telephone lines and device called modem Modem physically connects to telephone network using standard telephone wire Dials access number required to connect to ISP, and when complete, you disconnect (hang up) Direct connections always "on" Most users use digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable Internet connection Must have network interface card (NIC) installed to send and receive data back and forth between computer and network CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 5

6 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web The World Wide Web System of interlinked documents accessible on Internet Documents hosted on web servers referred to as web pages Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages located on web servers throughout Internet CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 6

7 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web Web Browsers Program that enables you to view and navigate web pages on Internet, and to experience rich media available on World Wide Web Basic function is to display pages created with hypertext markup language (HTML) Special language web page designers use to add text, hyperlinks, applications, video clips, sound and animation to web pages When designed properly, visitors can point and click to launch applications, navigate to specific areas of the web site, or visit related web sites CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 7

8 Understanding Web Site Addresses Every web page on the Internet has a specific address called Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Consists of two basic parts: Protocol Identifier and Resource Name Separated by colon (:) and two forward slashes (//) CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 8

9 Understanding Web Site Addresses Web Site Protocols Protocol is set of rules that enable computing devices to communicate with one another Protocol used to request web pages from Web server is HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Browsers support protocols for functions File Transfer Protocol (FTP) used to transfer large files between user's computer and special type of server called an FTP server To use web browser to access FTP server to transfer file, must specify protocol in browser address bar, for example, ftp://aeneas.mit.edu. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 9

10 Understanding Web Site Addresses Resource Names Specifies location of particular web page or file, referred to as domain name Consists of three labels separated by periods or dots: Server Name Registered Domain Top-level Domain Server Name Registered Domain Name Top-level Domain Identifies name of web server Identifies organization that owns domain name; each name unique and registered with Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Identifies category of registered domain name. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 10

11 Understanding Web Site Addresses.com.net.edu.gov.int.mil.org Represents commercial or company sites. Another type of commercial web site generally hosted on network managed by Internet Service Provider (ISP). Education site that shares information about academic institution, its curriculum, and other activities. Site associated with local, regional, or national government. Refers to international organizations. Refers to military organizations. Site dedicated to non-profit organization promoting specific cause. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 11

12 Understanding Web Site Addresses Advantage of using top-level domains is ability to present organization as global Other top-level domain names use two-letter abbreviation and identify state or country where web site hosted au br ca cn dk Australia Brazil Canada China Denmark fr il in it France Israel India Italy jp mx tw uk Japan Mexico Taiwan United Kingdom Some URLs include path and filename of specific page stored on web server CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 12

13 Common Web Site/Page Elements First page of any web site is home page Picture Button Hyperlink Navigation Bar Field CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 13

14 Common Web Site/Page Elements Navigation Bar Picture Field Button Provides links to various areas of web site, similar to table of contents and may be called site map. May be static or dynamic. Where you can enter information that is then sent to web server for processing. Interactive graphic that performs action when clicked. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 14

15 Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 15

16 Opera Safari CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 16

17 Browser Functions Retrieve and display web pages, allow users to navigate around World Wide Web, play media files, and support encryption for secure web transactions Addressing When web site address entered in address bar, browser sends request to appropriate web server Server receives request, retrieves web pages, and sends back Browser then formats and displays web pages in browser window Visit any web page by typing its URL in Address bar and press ENTER CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 17

18 Search Can search directly from Address bar. Click (Search) to enter search term and press ENTER to view list of web sites related to search term. Show Address Click (Show Address) to display history of URLs of previously visited web sites. Refresh/Go Click (Refresh) to re-display or refresh contents of current web page. Click (Go to) after typing web site address to go to that site. Stop Click (Stop) to halt downloading of information for web page. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 18

19 Uploading and Downloading Downloading is process of copying file from server on Internet to your computer Uploading is process of sending information from computer to server on Internet Most users download more often so most ISPs provide service that downloads information much faster than uploads Downstream (download) residential cable Internet service generally provides speeds between 1 and 6 Mbps, and DSL service offer speeds of 8, 12, or 24 Mbps Upstream (upload) residential cable Internet usually provides speeds between 128 Kbps to 728 Kbps, and DSL service offers speeds of 640 Kbps, 1 Mbps, or 3 Mbps CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 19

20 Hyperlinks Reference to data located somewhere other than present location Can point to whole document or specific element within document Consists of anchor and target Can be set up as text, pictures, icons, or specific area on image Point mouse over item and if see designated as target of hyperlink, click to move to web page Target web page may open in current browser window or in new tab Some hyperlinks are sponsored by companies who have paid to advertise on web page CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 20

21 Searching Click in address bar and start typing Use Turn on suggestions to display list of suggested search terms CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 21

22 Click Add in drop-down menu to add search providers To narrow number of results: Choose specific key words Put quotation marks around phrase or group of keywords to look for occurrences of those words together. Use Boolean operators. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 22

23 Back, Forward and Refresh Buttons Back button moves back one page Becomes active once you click link or visit different page Forward button moves ahead one page Becomes active once you move back one page Refresh button reloads or re-displays page Button Internet Explorer Firefox Chrome Opera Back Forward Refresh CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 23

24 Home Page Page that displays by default when browser opens Can set home page to any page you want Can also set to display blank page as home page Button available to quickly return to default home page Usually icon of house CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 24

25 Tabs Opening new tab is same as opening new browser window Switch by clicking tab; only one tab can be active at any given time To create new tab: Click New Tab button, or press CTRL+T, or right-click active tab and click New tab, or if Menu bar displayed, click File and click New tab CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 25

26 Right-click tab and select Duplicate tab to open new tab with same web site To view link on web page in another tab without leaving web page, right-click link and click Open in new tab To close tab, click (Close Tab) button on tab If multiple tabs open, right-click active tab to close tab, or close all other open tabs Click Close button for browser to be prompted whether to close current tab or all open tabs CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 26

27 Favorites/Bookmarks If visit site frequently, "bookmark" site to visit again without having to enter its URL Saves URL in folder created specifically to store bookmarks Work with Favorites in Internet Explorer by opening Favorites center: Click press ALT+C (View favorites, feeds, and history), or CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 27

28 Number of folders or web sites in Favorites pane will vary, depending on browser version and previously set bookmarks Expand or collapse folders by clicking folder Each link in folder can open as separate tab by clicking arrow to right of folder name (or press CTRL+ENTER) Sharing favorites with others online through web sites known as social bookmarking CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 28

29 Adding Favorites To add web site to list of favorites: Click (View favorites, feeds or history) and click Add to favorites, or on Menu bar, click Favorites and click Add to favorites, or press ALT+Z, and click Add to favorites Can create new folder for link, move into folder, or have it appear at main level on its own Use Favorites bar for those to access frequently Right-click in blank area, click Favorites bar, and click Favorites bar) (Add to CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 29

30 Deleting Favorites To remove bookmark in Favorites list: right-click bookmark, then click Delete, or select bookmark, press DELETE and click Yes to confirm deletion To delete item from Favorites bar, right-click button and click Delete CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 30

31 Organizing the Favorites List To organize Favorites Center: Activate Favorites Center and then drag link to new location, or activate Favorites Center, click arrow for Add to favorites and then click Organize favorites, or activate Menu bar, click Favorites and click Organize favorites Can then choose any option in dialog box to organize list of favorites If using first method, drag link to new location Thick horizontal black line appears to guide in placing link CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 31

32 Checking the History Stores URLs of web sites accessed within defined period of time Convenient way to revisit web sites, if you don t remember URL Large History folder can be difficult to use if there is little disk space, and can slow browser speed To display history, activate Favorites Center and click History tab Click arrow for View By Date to choose option CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 32

33 To go to a site, click the site link in the list To see other pages visited within given site, right-click link and then click Expand To collapse the list of web pages for a site, click the site link To delete site from list, right-click link and then click Delete To delete entire history: Click, click Safety and click Delete browsing history, or on Menu bar, click Tools and click Delete browsing history. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 33

34 Plug-ins/Add-ons Plug-ins: programs that extend capabilities of web browsers to view specific elements on web pages Generally have particular file type associated with them Good practice to occasionally upgrade to include increased functionality and security updates Toolbars and ActiveX controls may be add-ons ActiveX controls are small programs to allow animation or help with tasks CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 34

35 Managing plug-ins/add-ons Open Manage Add-ons dialog box, click Tools, click Manage Addons, then under Add-on Types, click Toolbars and Extensions Display the Show drop-down list to view currently loaded add-ons, all add-ons, add-ons pre-approved by Microsoft CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 35

36 To turn add-on on or off, click add-on in dialog box, then click Enable or Disable To delete installed ActiveX controls, select Downloaded controls in Show list, click ActiveX control to delete, then click More information In More Information dialog box, click Remove CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 36

37 Lesson Summary the difference between the Internet, the World Wide Web, and browsers the structure of a URL identifying common web page elements the basic functions of web browsers navigating in a browser using tabbed browsing working with bookmarks viewing the history customizing web browser options CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 37

38 Review Questions 1. Which statement properly defines the concepts of Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web? a. The Internet and the World Wide Web are two names for the same thing; and all pages of the Internet are viewed through browsers. b. The Internet is a network that hosts the linked pages which form the World Wide Web, and these pages are viewed through browsers. c. The World Wide Web is a network, and browsers are another name for the Internet. d. Any of the previous e. a or b 2. If there are several web pages that you visit regularly, what can you do to make accessing them more efficient? a. Define each page as a browser Home page. b. Bookmark each page. c. Delete each page from the History folder so that it will become active. d. Install an ActiveX control for each page. e. Any of the previous f. a or b g. a or c CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 38

39 Review Questions 3. If you use a phrase as a search term, which of the following is true? a. The search engine will interpret the space between each word in the phrase as a Boolean AND. b. The search engine will interpret the space between each word as a Boolean OR. c. The search engine will interpret the space between each word as a Boolean NOT. d. The search engine will reject the phrase because you cannot use more than one word as a search term. 4. Ann visited a site last Tuesday which contained a meatloaf recipe that she really wants to try, but now she can't remember the URL. What should she do? a. Conduct a new search for meatloaf recipes and hope that she can find this one recipe again. b. Click the browser's Back button until she gets back to the page she wants. c. Click the browser's Refresh button. d. Look for the URL in the History folder. CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 39

40 Review Questions 5. Which is the fastest method to use to view two or more web sites in your web browser? a. Start another session of the web browsers. b. Set up a separate monitor to open a new window for the web browser. c. Open a new tab and enter the web site address. d. Type the new site address into the address bar at the current page. 6. When you post information to a personal Web site to share with others, which action are you performing? a. Uploading b. Downloading CCI Learning Solutions Inc. 40