LTE-U/LAA, MuLTEfire and Wi-Fi; making best use of unlicensed spectrum

Transcription

1 September, 2015 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. LTE-U/LAA, MuLTEfire and ; making best use of unlicensed spectrum Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 1

2 Making the best use of licensed and unlicensed spectrum Higher efficiency More spectrum For both licensed & unlicensed spectrum More licensed spectrum is the top priority Use unlicensed spectrum opportunistically More small cells Technologies for hyper-densification 2

3 Multiple technologies will co-exist for best use of all spectrum LTE Advanced Licensed spectrum foundation, augmented with unlicensed spectrum solutions LTE Unlicensed LTE-based technologies in unlicensed spectrum, LTE-U, LAA, MuLTEfire ac/ad/ax based technology solely operating in unlicensed spectrum Mobile broadband services for best performance and quality-of-experience Broadens LTE ecosystem to enhanced and new deployment opportunities Also evolving for enhanced performance and expanding to new usage models LTE Unlicensed: LTE-U/LAA aggregation with an LTE licensed spectrum anchor, whereas MuLTEfire can operate solely in unlicensed spectrum MuLTEfire is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 3

4 Extending the benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum Licensed Spectrum Exclusive use LTE Carrier Aggregation with licensed anchor channel LTE-U 1 to boost downlink Targeting mobile operators deployments in USA, Korea, India, etc. based on 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12 LAA (Licensed-Assisted Access) Targeting mobile operator deployments in Europe, Japan, and beyond 2 based on 3GPP Rel. 13 and beyond Unlicensed Spectrum Shared use LTE-based technology without licensed anchor channel MuLTEfire Broadening LTE technology and ecosystem to new deployment opportunities 1 Downlink only in unlicensed spectrum (SDL). RF specs and coexistence tests defined by LTE-U forum: coexistence and fair sharing can be obtained using techniques such as channel selection and CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission). 2 These regions mandate specific access procedures, including Listen Before Talk (LBT),. LAA R14 targets enhancements to support aggregation for both uplink and downlink 4

5 Aggregation with licensed spectrum provides best performance LTE - Link Aggregation (LWA) for carrier deployments 1 in Unlicensed 2.4 & 5 GHz Link Aggregation Enhanced user experience Licensed 400MHz to 3.8GHz Better capacity and coverage Mobile operator s LTE anchor spectrum LTE in Unlicensed 5 GHz Carrier Aggregation Unified network Fair coexistence LTE in unlicensed (LTE-U/LAA) for new small cell deployments 5

6 Unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum ideal for small cells LTE-U, LAA, MuLTEfire, (802.11ac/ax) will coexist to meet various needs Pico/Enterprises Small Businesses Venues Residential/Neighborhood Opportunistic use Shared spectrum but free, technology neutral Shorter range Lower transmit power per regulations Large amount of spectrum Could be ~500MHz but regionally dependent Wide bands available for sharing Efficiently shared amongst multiple users 6

7 Multiple technologies to support all deployment scenarios Small Cell LTE-U/LAA aggregation ai Fast Roaming Carrier AP MuLTEfire Neutral host offload LTE advanced Carrier Aggregation Dual-connectivity LTE/ Link Aggregation ac/ad MuLTEfire/ access LTE/ Call Continuity access ac MU-MIMO ad (WiGig) LTE Unlicensed Solutions LTE/ Technology Solutions LTE in Licensed Spectrum LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum ac ad WiGig Carrier Solutions 7

8 Fair coexistence a key principle in LTE unlicensed design Extensive over-the-air testing performed in the lab and in the field >2x 1x Operator A 1x Operator B Operator B switches to LTE in unlicensed 1x Operator A Operator B LTE in unlicensed Gain (Median throughput) In many cases a better neighbor to than itself Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum. LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eicic enabled; LTE-U - Phase II., 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM). 8

9 Ensuring fair coexistence between LTE unlicensed and Working together across the mobile and industries Minimum requirements Going above and beyond minimum requirements Spectrum regulations Power, bandwidth and emission levels Additional specific access procedures required in Europe and Japan (Listen Before Talk features) Standards & specifications LTE-U for USA, Korea, India, other markets based on LTE R10/11/12 1 LAA for Europe, Japan and beyond defined in 3GPP R13 2 Conformance testing Coexistence and fairness test Expected to be more rigorous than testing today Still allowing for differentiation Example: LTE-U forum specifications 1 With dynamic channel selection and CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell.. 2 LAA Licensed Assisted Access, Work item approved in 3GPP R13 June 15. In addition, New RF band support (e.g. 5GHz) needed at both device and small cell 9

10 LTE Unlicensed development through industry collaboration LTE-U Forum Founding members Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, LGE, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Samsung, Verizon all have stakes in LTE and Coexistence specs published March 2nd 2015, updated June based on feedback, e.g. adding uplink and VoIP test cases Fair co-existence between and LTE unlicensed LTE Unlicensed 3GPP LAA Being standardized in 3GPP release 13 for completion 1H 2016 (ASN.1 freeze) Enhancements planned for release R14 and beyond 3GPP will develop coexistence / performance requirements and tests Collaboration and engagement Presented LTE-U to Alliance and IEEE at standards meetings An LTE-U workshop for key cellular and vendors/operators was held on May 28, 2015 with deep dive of technology Further collaboration on coexistence with industry is ongoing one-on-one and in industry groups Dialogue between 3GPP and IEEE & WFA throughout the LAA standard s development via presentations & liaison statements Open industry LAA workshop held 8/29/2015 in Beijing with presentations from IEEE , WFA and other key stakeholders Started dialogue between 3GPP and WFA on coexistence testing 10

11 Spearheading LTE-U commercialization Industry s first LTE-U small cell solution Industry s first UE solution for LTE-U FSM9955 LTE WTR3950 X12 LTE LTE/ LTE-U Unlicensed (5 GHz) Licensed Anchor LTE Carrier aggregation WTR3925 Converged SOC with CSAT (R 10) based LTE/ fair coexistence X12 LTE supporting LTE-U with WTR 3950 WTR RF transceiver chips and FSM small cell solutions are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 11

12 FSM9955 brings LTE-U to small cells For LTE-U commercial launches in 2016 Converged multi-mode SoC Announced: LTE-U Ease of deployment and management CSAT Hosted: ac Foundation: 3G, LTE FSM9955 Hotspot 2.0 UltraSON elcic 1 Industry-leading RF, power management, security Dedicated network listen across technologies LTE Unlicensed / coexistence like CSAT UltraSON interference and mobility management Advanced interference management like eicic FSM small cell solutions and UltraSON are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.. 1 eicic is enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination defined by 3GPP. 12

13 Making best use of unlicensed spectrum for 1000x ac/ad/ax LTE-U/LAA MuLTEfire Multiple solutions will coexist to support all use cases and deployment scenarios 3 LTE LTE Unlicensed coexists fairly with coexistence is an industry wide collaboration 2 Aggregation with licensed spectrum for best performance: LTE-U/LAA carrier aggregation LTE - link aggregation 4 Committed to LTE Unlicensed, the evolution, and LTE convergence solutions 13

14 LTE - link aggregation Part of larger LTE - convergence 14

15 LTE - link aggregation for existing and new carrier Control LTE Anchor Licensed Spectrum Traffic Leverages new/existing, also non-collocated carrier 2.4 & 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum Link Aggregation Modem-level aggregation for superior performance Work item in 3GPP Rel. 13 Enhanced user experience Licensed anchor for control and mobility Unified network Operator LTE network in full control of Better performance Simultaneously using both LTE & links Notes: Aggregation on modem level (PDCP level), also leveraging dual connectivity defined inr12; Control over X2-like interface needs to be supported by AP. No change to LTE & WiFi PHY/MAC. No change to core network 15

16 Operator s assets determine solution many will do both LTE-U LAA LTE - link aggregation Existing, new, also non-collocated carrier deployments Enhanced user experience Unified network Better capacity and coverage LTE-U/LAA carrier aggregation For new small cell deployments Deeper aggregation and better performance Notes: Aggregation at modem-level (PDCP level) is a R13 candidate, (dual connectivity defined in R12 for licensed) ; LTE-U based on R10 for certain countries, defined as LAA R13 for other countries 16

17 Modem-level aggregation for superior performance HTTP Combining LTE/ link aggregation APP APP Better load-balancing, across nodes based on information on both links HLOS HTTP HLOS Modem HTTP TCP PDCP Dynamically adapts to radio/traffic conditions Work item in 3GPP Rel. 13 LTE 17

18 Aggregation part of the larger LTE - Carrier convergence Discovery Service Continuity Link Aggregation LTE (LTE R8 to R9, LTE Advanced R10 - R13) (IEEE ac, MU-MIMO, ai, k, v, ax) Link aggregation Faster connections Seamless services More capacity Hotspot 2.0 Optimized Connectivity Experience (OCE) Fast Roaming Reduced Overhead Load Balancing 18

19 Continuing to improve carrier g/n ac Breaking the Gbps barrier Hotspot 2.0 MU - MIMO Next wave of efficiency ax Carrier Enhancements Optimized Connectivity Experience (OCE) based on 11ai,k,v 20-30x faster roaming Enabling seamless real-time services Reduced overhead In dense deployments Today Up to 50% ~2% Management Overhead Optimized Today High Load Load balancing Steering connection based on signal quality & load Optimized Low Load 19 Notes: Faster roaming: Based on Qualcomm Technologies prototype, in typical conditions, after full authentication with the target operator; Reduced overhead: Scenario such as airport/train stations/conferences (100s of users), 4 to 16 APs visible per STA, 2.4GHz band, 1 Mbps management traffic

20 802.11ax for improved densification and outdoor performance 5 GHz 2.4GHz n ac Densification Better capacity especially in dense scenarios Uplink and downlink OFDMA Adding uplink MU-MIMO Outdoor deployments Improved outdoor performance Longer cyclic prefix and longer OFDM symbol duration Backward compatible Supports both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Backward compatible with legacy (n/ac) 20

21 LTE convergence - going beyond interworking CONNECTIVITY ENGINE (CnE) COEXISTENCE MANAGER CARRIER SERVICES SPECTRUM INTEGRATION LTE-A Faster connections Seamless services 11ac/ad/ax Optimized connection Interference mitigation Data offload/handoff, VoLTE and VT interworking LTE-U, LTE- aggregation Spectrum & network efficiency INCREASING CONVERGENCE Qualcomm Snapdragon 21

22 MuLTEfire for 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum no licensed anchor 22

23 MuLTEfire: LTE-like performance with -like simplicity LTE-based technology for unlicensed spectrum without licensed anchor channel MuLTEfire 4G LTE-like performance Enhanced capacity and range Improved mobility, quality-of-experience Hyper-dense, self-optimizing deployments Harmoniously coexist with, LTE-U/LAA -like deployment simplicity Operates in unlicensed spectrum Leaner, self-contained network architecture Suitable for neutral host deployments Broadens LTE technology & ecosystem to new deployment opportunities 23

24 MuLTEfire expands small cell deployment opportunities With seamless mobility within multefire deployments Enterprises Small Businesses Venues Residential/Neighborhood Unlicensed Spectrum Operates solely in unlicensed spectrum without licensed anchor channel Self-contained Simplified network architecture suitable for end-user deployments Neutral host Any deployment can service any device no SIM required 24

25 MuLTEfire broadens the LTE ecosystem to more entities Such as Internet Service Providers, Cable Operators, and enterprise/venue owners Fixed broadband Enhanced hotspot / enterprise services Offering SIM-less, nomadic Internet access Leverage deployment assets Augment mobile broadband Providing neutral host offload to mobile networks Improved end-user experience Better capacity, range, and mobility than (especially in hyper-dense environments) Physical location Customer relationships 25

26 MuLTEfire delivers enhanced offload for mobile networks High-performance, neutral host offload capabilities with expanded reach to new markets Traditional mobile deployments Separate spectrum bands and deployments may prohibit reaching all venues, enterprises and homes Neutral host deployments Common spectrum and common deployment provides neutral host services ( like) 26

27 MuLTEfire benefits mobile operators as a true neutral host Fixed broadband/isp Also for own MVNO or ISP service offering Neighborhood Could also be part of providers offering (e.g. ISP) Enterprises Also to provide access through issued certificate Full mobility with handovers within MuLTEfire networks Venues Also to enhance venue experience free or fee Mobile operators E.g. if licensed spectrum is not available at certain locations Offload agreements with Mobile operators Service continuity between MuLTEfire and mobile networks 27

28 LTE-U/LAA for 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum with licensed anchor 28

29 LTE Unlicensed in 5 GHz for new small cell deployments LTE & LTE-U/LAA LTE Unlicensed small cell Unlicensed (5 GHz) Licensed Anchor (400 MHz 3.8 GHz) Carrier aggregation Initial LTE- and LAA: Supplemental Downlink (SDL) to boost downlink 1 Later LAA phases: Carrier aggregation to boost both downlink and uplink 2 ~2x capacity and range Compared to 3 Enhanced user experience Licensed anchor for control and mobility Single unified LTE network Common management A good neighbor In many cases, better neighbor to than itself Later LAA phases: aggregation across noncollocated nodes with dual-connectivity 1 LTE-U and LAA R-13 will be downlink only. Both TDD or FDD aggregation is possible with SDL; 2 Target for R14 LAA using TDD + TDD aggregation, or FDD + TDD aggregation using TDD for unlicensed spectrum 3 Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum; LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eicic enabled; LTE-U LAA R13, 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM). 29

30 LTE Unlicensed improves coverage compared to 20/2 4/x 2/x 14/3 26/23 29/16 24/26 27/27 16/2 3/x 15/9 6/x 9/1 LTE / 5GHz access point Indoor 3 rd floor 35/27 LTE Thrpt (Mbps) / Thrpt (Mbps) Source: Qualcomm Research. Example from our LTE Unlicensed testing in San Diego to validate coverage and performance advantages. 30

31 Unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum is ideal for small cells US, Korea, China, Europe, Japan, India US 1, Korea 5, Europe, Japan US, Korea, India, China 2, considered in EU 3 20 MHz 5.15 GHz 5.33 GHz 120 MHz could be available in e.g. the US 4 /EU 3 20 MHz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5.49 GHz 5.71 GHz 20 MHz GHz GHz UNII MHz UNII MHz UNII MHz UNII MHz ISM MHz LTE-U will use UNII-1 & UNII-3 (200MHz ) per LTE-U forum LAA expected to cover additional 5 GHz bands 1 Channel 120, 124 and 128 ( GHz) currently not permitted in the US MHz-5850MHz has been assigned to ISM services in China 3 Study of 5350MHz-5470MHz and 5725MHz-5925MHz use for license exempt is being planned in EU MHz in Korea* These 5GHz channels typically require DFS, Dynamic Frequency Selection 31

32 LTE-U/LAA protects to ensure fair sharing of spectrum 1 Select clear channel: Dynamically avoid Unlicensed 5 GHz band 20 MHz MHz Up to 500 MHz available 2 If no clear channel: Fair sharing with LTE-U adaptive duty cycle (CSAT) 1 for deployments in USA, Korea, India etc. using 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12 LAA Listen Before Talk (LBT) with adaptive utilization 2 for deployments in Europe, Japan and beyond using 3GPP Rel. 13 LAA medium utilization estimation Variable on, max 50ms continuously LTE is on LTE is off LTE is on LTE is off Time Sensing channel availability per CCA Variable on, max 10ms continuously Time 3 Release unlicensed channel at low traffic 1 CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell Meeting regulatory requirements, in addition ensures fairness as defined by LTE-U forum 2 Part of 3GPP Rel 13, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) for regions with specific access procedures and CCA Clear Channel Assessment, aka Listen Before Talk (LBT) 32

33 Going beyond Listen Before Talk (LBT) for fair sharing with For Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) deployments using 3GPP Rel. 13 Adaptive ON 1ms to 10ms based on load similar to CSAT LTE OFF LTE ON LTE OFF LTE ON LTE ON LTE ON LTE ON Sensing channel availability per LBT Every 20us per CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) Hold off when detecting other user per LBT Sense every 20us and decrement random counter before transmitting per extended CCA Time 33

34 LAA Rel. 13 Live Demo Operator 1 Operator 2 All sites LTE + Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum 34

35 LAA Rel. 13 Live Demo Operator 1 Operator 2 LAA LAA Operator 1: still on Wii-Fi performance not adversely affected Operator 2: One site changed to LTE Unlicensed ~ 2x Improvement Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum 35

36 LTE-U forum develops coexistence specifications For LTE-U products based on 3GPP Release 10 and beyond, see 20 MHz 20 * * * * MHz * * * * * * * * * * * 5.15 GHz 5.33 GHz 5.49 GHz GHz UNII MHz UNII MHz UNII MHz UNII MHz U-NII-1 and U-NII-3 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum Licensed spectrum F1 To ensure fair-sharing coexistence between and LTE-U, and between LTE-U Formed by Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, LGE, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Samsung, Verizon Specifications published March 2 nd 2015 and have been updated based on feedback from industry Supplemental downlink Downlink Uplink * These 5GHz channels typically require DFS, Dynamic Frequency Selection 36

37 LTE-U/ co-channel coexistence using adaptive duty cycle Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) example LTE-U LTE-U LTE OFF LTE ON 2/6th of the time in the example shown LTE OFF 4/6th of the time in the example shown LTE ON 2/6th of the time in the example shown From 10ms to 100ms timeframe Variable on, max 50 ms continuously Initially and periodically: Sensing channel utilization LTE-U estimates # of active APs and determines utilization 1 Share channel with proportionally to active numbers of access points 2 Provision for latency sensitive apps (e.g. Voice over ) Time 1 LTE reads preamble to determine # of APs and their usage; 2.Proportional time, here 2/6 th of time is the upper limit for LTE ON. 37

38 Stress testing LTE/ co-channel in very harsh conditions Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Hyper dense network Up to 9 Access Points (AP) placed ~1m apart All APs set to the same channel Commercial, off-the-shelf and test LTE-U APs Extreme interference for devices No isolation between neighboring APs and devices 38

39 performance not adversely affected by LTE-U Using adaptive duty cycle (CSAT) for fair coexistence Average throughput performance improved LTE-U LTE-U LTE-U Increasing LTE-U penetration 39

40 Better performance of LTE-U while protecting Using adaptive duty cycle (CSAT) average throughput LTE - U Target AP with LTE-U Average throughput LTE-U (6.7 Mbps) (3.3 Mbps) Target AP with LTE-U Target AP 40

41 Fair LTE-U coexistence for Voice and Data regardless of vendor variation 41

42 Stress tests showing wide vendor variation Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Hyper dense network on same channel Up to 8 Access Points (AP) placed ~1m apart No isolation between neighboring APs and devices Up to 8 devices placed ~1m apart Vendor variation tests Test 1) Vendor A and B enterprise grade APs with controller. 8 Aps with test AP or LTE-U Test 2) 5 top-selling retail APs (11ac) based on bestseller lists. Mix of 4 APs from different vendors 42

43 Implementation variation among Enterprise vendors Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Baseline: 8 + Stress Test: 8 + LTE-U Mixture of Vendor A and B s enterprise APs Vendor B vendor B more aggressive Vendor A vendor A less aggressive Vendor A and B enterprise grade APs with controller. 8 Aps with test AP or LTE-U 43

44 LTE-U is a good neighbor regardless of vendor Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber 8X or with LTE-U Vendor A Vendor B Mix of vendor A/B LTE-U LTE-U 8 + LTE-U LTE-U maintains overall performance Average throughput (Mbps) Vendor A and B enterprise grade APs with controller. 8 Aps with test AP or LTE-U 44

45 Significant implementation variation in retail access point Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Mix of vendors in a network of 4 APs Wide variation also without most aggressive AP 5 top-selling retail APs determined from top industry magazines and online-retailers APs Throughput (Mbps) Aggregate (Mbps) AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 AP 4 AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 AP 4 A B C D B C D E C D E A D E A B E A B C Product diversity of 5 OEMs and 3 chipset-vendors. One common STA (11ac, 1x1) a top-selling mobile-device used for all cases One AP grabbing ~10x more resources 45

46 LTE-U ensures fair time sharing of the unlicensed channel Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Duty cycle distribution 1 Duty Cycle with W in 1W+1W W in 1W+1L L in 1W+1L Wide variation in to sharing Or CDF LTE-U ensures a fair ~50% sharing LTE-U with Average across 4 AP models Percentage Anomaly due to one not following spec Testing pair-wise airtime sharing across 4 AP models and between /LTE-U Points corresponding to all 4 AP models 46

47 Over-the-air campus network for testing LTE-U OTA Campus Network Building WC Building WB LTE-U enb AP1 (Above CCA-ED) AP2 (Below CCA-ED) Note: AP 1 is above CCA-ED (CCA energy detect level at -62dBm where backs off for other non-wi0di users). and AP 2 is below CCA-ED,, which is used for some of the following test to show that LTE-U CSAT works well below s ED 47

48 Over-the-air VoIP coexistence and quality ensured Using Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network Downlink (Max one-way delay) + Wi-Wi + LTE-U 48ms 42ms Probability of Jitter > 50ms No change 0% Packet loss rate No change 0% Compliant with WFA s requirements 1 Uplink (Max one-way delay) + Wi-Wi + LTE-U 40ms 50ms Increased to 0.76% Increased to 0.08% 40ms LTE ON 40ms LTE OFF LTE ON Time Provision for VoIP 2ms puncturing introduces gaps to help flush delay-sensitive data that may be queued due to LTE-U 1 Compliant with Alliance's VoIP Enterprise specification: One way Delay < 50 ms maximum, maximum Jitter < 50ms maximum, Packet loss < 1%, Consecutive lost packets, no more than 3. Overall statics from 5 pairs of WiFi VoIP with LTE-U Presence. 48

49 The role of energy detection in and LTE-U Threshold for backing off to LTE-U By detecting non- energy. (Clear Channel Assessment Energy Detect CCA-ED). Energy Detect Received signal Example -62dbm 1 LTE-U LTE-U design will ensure fair sharing with below ED level, e.g. with network listen detects signals and backs off for other users not for LTE-U Detect and decode a signal (and preamble) to determine if channel is busy carrier sensing. CCA-CS: required threshold for to detect other Example -82dbm 1 LTE-U detects a signal to account for fair sharing Detect and decode a signal ( preamble) e.g. to estimate active APs 1 Per 20MHz bandwidth Receiver cannot detect anything below noise floor Example -90dbm 1 49

50 LTE-U is a good neighbor below Energy Detect levels Using Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network Vendor A with other with LTE-U with Or Vendor B with other with LTE-U better off with LTE-U as neighbor LTE-U with The APs are below Energy Detect -62dbm levels to each other Vendor C with other with LTE-U Downlink throughput (Mbps) 50

51 LTE-U is a good neighbor above Energy Detect levels Using Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network Vendor A with other with LTE-U with Or Vendor B with other with LTE-U LTE-U is a good neighbor to LTE-U with The APs are above Energy Detect -62dbm levels to each other Vendor C with other with LTE-U Downlink throughput (Mbps)

52 LTE-U is a good neighbor also for the uplink Using Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network Vendor A with other with LTE-U with Or Vendor B with other with LTE-U LTE-U is a good neighbor to LTE-U with The APs are above Energy Detect -62dbm levels to each other Vendor C with other with LTE-U Uplink throughput (Mbps)

53 LTE Unlicensed is a good neighbor to 1 2 LTE-U/LAA MuLTEfire Fair coexistence with a key principle in the design of LTE unlicensed 3 4 LTE-U Forum 3GPP Extensive collaboration on coexistence across mobile and industries. LTE Extensive LTE-U over-the-air testing in lab/field proves fair coexistence with Committed to LTE Unlicensed, the evolution, and LTE convergence solutions 53

54 Questions? - Connect with Us BLOG

55 Thank you Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: & Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. MuLTEfire and UltraSon are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm s engineering, research and de velopment functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT. 55