Potentials and Perspectives of a Combination of Infrastructures

Transcription

1 Potentials and Perspectives of a Combination of Infrastructures Study of VDE Task Force Maren Kuschke, Prof. Kai Strunz TU Berlin, SENSE-Lab / 1 ETG Task Force Infrastructure Dr.-Ing. Christoph Dörnemann Wolfgang Glaunsinger Dr.-Ing. Jutta Hanson Dr. Carl Caspar Jürgens Matthias Kirchner Dr.-Ing. Martin Kleimaier Maren Kuschke Dr.-Ing. Hermann Koch Martin Pokojski Axel Schomberg Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai Strunz Wolfgang Tausend Dr.-Ing. Kristian Weiland Fred Wendt Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Westermann Amprion GmbH VDE/ETG ABB AG NETWORK Institute Nexans Deutschland GmbH Consultant TU Berlin Siemens AG VDE/ETG TenneT TSO GmbH TU Berlin EnBW Regional AG DB Energie GmbH ILF Beratende Ingenieure GmbH TU Ilmenau / 2

2 Challenges of the Future Transmission Grid On-/Offshore Wind Generation Power Exchange West Power Exchange North Determination of Demand to Estimate Power Transmission Storage Power Exchange East / 3 Photovoltaics Dezentralized Generation Power Exchange South Other Generation These challenges require a large expansion of the Transmission Grid Difficulties in Expanding the Transmission Grid Increase of load of 400 kv transmission grid due to fluctuating renewable energies located far away from load Improvements through temperature monitoring and high temperature conductors possible but not sufficient yet Expanding grid difficult Dena II study states an additional need of around 3,600 km lines New grid expansion projects are not accepted among the public Change in authorization procedure towards an increasing acceptance by combining infrastructures / 4

3 Combination of Infrastructures Train electrification routes 7,800 km + rail routes 34,000 km: Usage of existing routes Highways 12,700 km: Usage of hard shoulder Pipeline corridors of oil- and gaslines: Usage of side strips Rivers and Canals 7,360 km: Ecological restrictions Very High Voltage Grid 35,700 km: Usage of line and protecting strip Potential exists / 5 Cable systems Cable systems Combinations of Infrastructures (Qualitative Evaluation) Bewertung in Punkte 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Eignung von Infrastrukturen Betrieb Bau Trassenbedingungen Planung/Genehmigung Train Highway Rivers Canals Pipelines Overhead Lines Routes Eisenbahn Autobahn Pipelines Flüsse Kanäle Freileitungstrassen All Infrastructures possible; Specific advantages for each system Operation (7 Criteria) Build-Up (2 Criteria) Route Conditions (10 Criteria) Planning/Authorization (4 Criteria) / 6

4 Construction Techniques 3 m Cable Overhead Lines Underground Systems - Laying directly into ground - Tunnel (open) - Tunnel (closed) Bridges and Extraordinary Construction: Possibilities need to be examined Overhead Line: technically most straightforward and cheapest solution Underground solutions Tunnel costly, but advantage for usage Laying directly into ground: cheaper, but harder to access 2,5 m / 7 Tunnel - Basis for Innovations Disadvantage of Cables Connecting elements (Sleeves and sealing ends) reduce reliability Approach Infinite cable in combination with tunnel solutions: requires new cable design and production technology Direct cable laying from factory in tunnel Advantages Exchange of weaker for stronger systems High flexibility (AC-/DC-Cable, GIL) Opening up further potentials for cost reduction Employment of innovations, eg. superconductors Potential for Innovations Transport von Endloskabeln mittels elektr. Rollensystem M DC 3 Syst. Kabelfabrik Kabeltunnel Kabeltunnel 320 kv MVA Reduzierung von Muffen und Kabeltransporten durch trassennahe Kabelfabrik Kabelfabrik Telecommunication DC 5 Syst. 320/500 kv MVA / 8

5 Cost Comparison of different Technologies Power, Distance 400 km Variants: AC-Voltage - AC-400-kV-Overhead Lines - AC-400-kV-Buried Cable - AC-400-kV-GIL - AC-550-kV-GIL DC-Voltage - DC +/- 320-kV-DC-Overhead Lines - DC +/-320-kV-DC-Underground Cable Further Assumptions Meshed Network Buried with/without tunnel 400-kV-AC-Overhead Line as reference / 9 Cost Comparison Assumptions: - Transmission of across a distance of 400 km - Assessment of the complete system incl. substation, controls, transformers and VSC-HVDC-stations / % 800% 700% 600% 500% 400% 300% 200% 100% 100% A 0% Overhead Line and Cable Kabel erdverlegt, inkl. Kabel im Kanal inkl. Kompensation Kabel im Kanal nur E-Technik A Overhead Line Freileitung 4x400 kv 4x400 kv Systems Systeme B-C 1 VPE-Cables 6x400 kv Systems Vergleich der Übertragungskosten (normert auf MW und 400 km Distanz) AC Freileitung und Kabel Gasisolierte Systeme (GIL) Freileitung und Kabel B C C1 D GIL 400 kv inkl. Verlegung Gas-insolated Lines (GIL) GIL 550 kv inkl. Verlegung Gil 400 kv inkl. Kanal GIL 400 kv im Kanal nur E- Technik GIL 550 kv inkl. Kanal GIL 550 kv im Kanal nur E- Technik VPE Erdkabel 6 x 400 kv-systeme GIL (400-kV 3 Systeme / 550 kv 2 Systeme) Freileitung 4 x 320 kv Systeme AC (einschl. Schaltanlage, Längs-/Quersteller oder Trafo) B Cable, directly in the ground C Cable in Tunnel incl. Compensation Kabel erdverlegt DC Overhead Line and Cable E F F1 G G1 H I J J1 A B C C 1 D E F F 1 G G 1 H I J J 1 D,E GIL 400 kv, 550 kv incl. Installation F,G GIL 400 kv, 550 kv incl. Tunnel DC Kabel 320 kv inkl. Kanal DC Kabel im Kanal nur E- Technik H Overhead VPE-Kabel Line 4x320 kv 5 x 320 kv Systeme Systems DC (einschl. VSC-Kopfstation) I J 1 VPE Cable 5x320 kv Systems I buried cable, J incl. Tunnel

6 Supplementary Criteria for Comparison Public Acceptance Stage of Development (State of the Art?) Approvability Impact on National Economy Potential Increase in Power Rating Required Space Installation Requirements and Maintainability Innovation Capability Combination with other Media Security (especially Protection against Terrorism) Qualitative supremacy of tunnel solutions due to potential for innovation and public acceptance / 11 Future-oriented Approach for Transmission New requirements: On-/Offshore-Feed-in EU-domestic market for electricity Alteration of task of transportation Combination of different infrastructures Need for an Overlay-Network / 12

7 Example Overlay-network for Germany rd. 22 GW 70 % über rd. 5 GW Overlay Overlay-network possible in AC or DC - Wide transport of energy away from the coast (North Sea and Baltic Sea) Distinguished features of the concept - lines to centres of consumption - Connection of Overlay- to 400-kV-network - Successive installation of the systems - Loadflow optimization through interconnections Prerequisite for DC solution - High power Voltage Source Converters (VSC) - Usage of DC power breakers Overlay as core of European network / 13 Overlay-Network - Advantages Power Supply - Wide-area power interchange - Financial advantages through optimization of investment and follow-up costs - Improved realization of grid expansion and grid restructuring Economic Effects - Accelerated substitution of fossil energies, reduced storage requirements - Unified zone of energy prices - Stimulus for European grid expansion - Positive impact on efficiency and employment Environmental Effects - Reduced necessity for corridors - Optimized operation with renewable energy integration / 14

8 Decision Making Aufgabe Task Technologieentscheidung Choice of Technology Trans- Übertragunmission Installa- Bautechnition Construction Bauweise Voltage Spannung Technology Technologie OHL/ CAB/GIL Mast/ Erde/Tunnel Rating Leistung AC/DC.kV. GW A B GW = Gigawatt QC = Alternating Current DC = Direct Current / 15 OHL = Overhead Line CAB = Cable GIL = Gas-insulated Line Overlay - Roadmap Voltage [kv] Spannung in kv Tunnel erdverlegt DC 500-kV AC 550-kV-GIL DC 320-kV AC 400-kV-GIL Ertüchtigung, des Vermaschungund 400-kV-Netzes 1) Verknüpfung DC 800-kV AC 800-kV-GIL DC 500-kV 320-kV Supraleiter Improvement and Interconnection of the 400-kV-Grid 1) Steps Umsetzungsschritte of Realization 1) In 1) contrast Im Unterschied to Dena-estimation zu Dena-Abschätzungen / 16

9 Conclusion Enabling integration of renewable energies through grid expansion Reduced storage requirements through grid expansion Increased acceptance for new supply systems through combination of different infrastructures Inclusion of federal corridors for overlay-network Potential for innovation on the transmission system Potential for cost reduction through innovation Stimulus for European grid expansion through Overlay-network Positive impact of grid expansion on efficiency and employment / 17 Thanks for your Interest. Dipl.-Ing. Maren Kuschke Technische Universität Berlin [email protected] / 18