Hybrid Geothermal / Solar Thermal HVAC System: Part1 Design (OU Human Health Building)

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1 Integrating Large Scale, Innovative Solar Thermal Systems into the Built Environment June 26, :00am 12:30PM Track: Renewable & Alternative Energy Sources Sponsor: 6.7 Solar Energy Utilization Hybrid Geothermal / Solar Thermal HVAC System: Part1 Design (OU Human Health Building) Jim Leidel Oakland University it Denver, June 26, 2013

2 Session Learning Objectives 1. What do solar thermal energy systems provide for the built environment? 2. Components of active solar thermal systems? 3. Examples of loads served by solar thermal systems. 4. Three case studies where large solar thermal systems. 5. Thermal energy storage (it s use and sizing) required by solar energy supply vs load. Review for each case. 6. Design challenges & major system design options faced while implementing large solar thermal projects. ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2

3 AGENDA Quick Look at Solar Thermal Economics as Compared to Solar PV Case Studies: Oakland University Human Health Building: Hybrid Geothermal / Solar Thermal HVAC System: Pt 1 Design District Energy St. Paul: Solar Thermal & Biomass for Downtown St. Paul, Minnesota Drake Landing Solar Community with Seasonal Energy Storage 3

4 Economics of Solar Thermal Solar PV vs. Solar Thermal in Today s Marketplace

5 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 Thermal / sq meter (60% efficient) PV / Watt (15% efficient) $5 to $12 / MCF 16% solar capacity factor for both & solar thermal assumes 80% eff. displaced gas heat $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $ Utility Cost per kwhr (or kwhr equivalent of natural gas) Comparison of the annual energy value of two separate $10, solar systems: PV and solar thermal at various utility rates.

6 PV Annual Output Value for a $10,000 Investment Annual En nergy Va alue $1,000 $900 $800 $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 $2.50 $ $3.50 $4.000 $4.50 Cost per Watt (installed cost) $5.00 $5.50 $6.00 $0.16 $0.14 $0.12 $0.10 $0.08 Utility Electrical Cost per kwhr Sensitivity analysis of $10,000 PV investment with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates

7 Thermal Annual Output Value for a $10,000 Investment Annual Energy Va alue $1,000 $900 $800 $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 $1,000 $1,100 $1,200 $1,300 $1,400 $1,5000 Cost per Square Meter (installed cost) $1,600 $1,700 $11.00 $9.00 $7.00 $5.00 Utility Natural Gas Cost per MCF Sensitivity analysis of $10,000 solar thermal investment with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates

8 PV Solar Thermal e l Energy Valu Annual $1,000 $900 $800 $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 $2.50 $3.000 $3.50 $4.00 $4.50 Cost per Watt (installed cost) $5.00 $5.50 $6.00 $0.16 $0.14 $0.12 $0.10 $0.08 Utility Electrical Cost per kwhr $1,000 $900 $800 $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 $1,000 $1,100 $1,200 $1,300 $1,400 $1,500 Cost per Square Meter (installed cost) $1,600 $1,700 $11.00 $9.00 $7.00 $5.00 Utility Natural Gas Cost per MCF Sensitivity analysis of separate $10,000 PV or solar thermal investments with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates

9 Conclusion? Need to utilize solar thermal energy for more than just space heating & domestic HW. Look at space cooling (displacing electricity usage)

10 Located in Southeast Located in Southeast Michigan, just north of Detroit in suburban Oakland County

11 Public University Golden Grizzlies 19,000 students 3.0M square feet 132 baccalaureate degree programs 126 graduate degree and certificate programs

12 1,440 acre campus

13 Clean Energy Projects at Oakland Human Health Building: Geothermal / Solar Thermal Hybrid Project

14 What are Ground Source Heat Pumps? Cooling Mode 400 Tons Heating Mode 150 Tons Heat Rejected to the Earth Heat Absorbed from the Earth also referred to as Geothermal Heat Pumps or GeoExchange

15 HHB Project Overview

16 Technologies Utilized

17 Geothermal System 150 ton ground loop (heating load only)

18 Geothermal System (grant funded full system) 400 ton ground loop (full cooling load)

19 Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps

20 Solar Thermal Desiccant Dehumidification

21 Temperatures Needed for Thermally Activated Cooling Technologies

22 100% Outdoor Air Unit (with desiccant)

23 Technical Approach

24 Desiccant Dehumidification Cooling Dedicated Outdoor Air Units (DOAS)

25 Desiccant Dehumidification Cooling COOLING MODE

26 Ground Loop Spec s

27 Ground Loop Spec s (pg2)

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31 ENERGY SYSTEM DIAGRAM

32 ENERGY FLOWS

33 Meter Information o TAG Description Unit Media Dirctn Meter E elect Electrical utility kwhr Electricity In Nexus 1262 E spv Solar photovoltaics kwhr Electricity In Shark 200 E ng Natural gas utility MCF Natural gas In Gas E sth Solar thermal system BTU Solar hot water In Ultrasonic BTU E geo Ground loop BTU Ground loop water Bi-dir Ultrasonic BTU E store Solar ground storage BTU Solar hot water Bi-dir Ultrasonic BTU E V1in DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & temp E V1out DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & temp E V2in DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & temp E V2out DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & temp E exh Laboratory exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out None E smelt Snow melt system BTU Hot water Out Ultrasonic BTU

34 Meter information Nexus 1262 Shark 200 Utility switchboard electric meter Multifunction panel electric meter Gas Rotary natural gas meter with pulser Ultrasonic BTU Air flow & temp Ultrasonic flow and energy meter Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit (DOAS) with packaged air flow station and temperature / humidity sensors used by the building automation system to calculate l energy

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37 MECHANICAL SYSEMS

38 SOLAR DOAS THERMAL 1 H/C s BOILER DOAS 2 GROUND LOOP DOMESTIC HW SNOW MELT SOLAR THERMAL STORAGE

39 GROUND LOOP GROUND LOOP WATER DIAGRAM

40 SIMPLIFIED HEATING DIAGRAM

41 SIMPLIFIED HEATING DIAGRAM

42 SIMPLIFIED COOLING DIAGRAM SWS = SOURCE WATER SUPPLY

43 CONTROL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

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51 VRF Heat Pumps

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53 Variable a ab e Refrigerant Flow Compressors with VFD s

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60 Solar PV on top of penthouse

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63 End of Part 1: System Design Part 2: Construction, Commissioning & Lessons Learned Part 3: Energy Monitoring & Performance

64 Questions? Jim Leidel Director of Clean Energy Systems and