Challenges of the Internet of Things for Sensor and Actuator Applications

Transcription

1 Challenges of the Internet of Things for Sensor and Actuator Applications Thomas Gessner, Torsten Thieme SEMICON Moscow 2015 Smart Systems Integration Session June 17 th, 2015 Source: Journal Internet of Things

2 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

3 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

4 Internet of Things a new dimension Until now the Internet was blind the Internet only connects people at anytime and anywhere, but the environment of these people could not be connected With the Internet of Things a new dimension could be connected: ANYTHING Source: Journal Internet of Things

5 Internet of Things Definition according to Yole Développement Internet of Things devices is the aggregation of all sensing modules which are linked to the Cloud either directly or through a gateway and with which data is processed and valorized in any manner.

6 smart car The Internet of Things consists of Systems of Cyber-Physical Systems communication Virtual World E 2 MS control represent control represent Real World Electronic Engineering & Manufacturing Services

7 Smart fab industry 4.0 communication Virtual World control represent control represent Real World

8 smart me The Internet of Things consists of Systems of Cyber-Physical Systems communication Virtual World E 2 MS control represent control represent Real World Electronic Engineering & Manufacturing Services

9 Internet of Things - anywhere Home Office Car Industry Shops Street Hotels Hospital Ski Slope

10 Smart Cities Cities cover 2% of the earth s surface In cities live 50% of the earth s population Cities consume 75% of global energy Cities are responsible for 80% of global carbon emissions If we do not want to collapse in our own emissions smart system solutions for Mobility, Energy, Health... are necessary; Source: Dr. Hans Rijns, NXP Semico

11 The Internet of Things will drive the next industrial growth wave ICT INDUSTRY REVENUE (in bn US$) CONNECTED DEVICES IN USE (in bn units) Bringing the industry over $400bn NEXT? Things ~35% Consumer Electronics PERSONAL COMPUTER ~30% Buildings 150 SMARTPHONE AND TABLET 100 CELLPHONE 50 MAINFRAMES ~1 Mobile PC Early 2000s ~10% Energy ~10% Automotive ~5% Healthcare ~10% Other 2020 Internet of Things Connections Source: Dr. Hans Rijns, NXP Semiconductors 3

12 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

13 Internet of Things - Threats and Questions data privacy undesirable control of persons protection against health defects (caused by radiation and foreign substances) protection of environment (recycling of electronic waste) increasing requirement for energy regulating the causer pays principle (who is responsible for defaults of the system?) protection against cyber crime

14 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

15 Internet of Things enabling Technologies Low power consuming devices ( Electronics and sensors) Sensing devices: MEMS/NEMS NFC (Near Field Communication) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Smart Systems Integration New materials like polymers New technologies New radio standards for bandwidth and frequencies Alternative energy sources, energy harvesting and low-power chipsets

16 Internet of Things enabling Social Needs Create laws and control by an impartial governance authority (e.g. UN or an industrial consortium) Protection of privacy Regulation of the liability Protection of minorities Voluntary use of the smart things Creation of sensitive areas without networking Creation of the IoT by the general public (e.g. public forums, round tables) Education At the school: to learn the critical use of the IoT At the university: to analyze the effects of the IoT on the society

17 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

18 Fields of application E 2 MS Electronic Engineering & Manufacturing Services

19 IoT Structure according to Yole Yole report lists 112 companies and research institute

20 Need for diversified sensors Machine Vision Optical Ambient Light Position/Presence/Proximity Acceleration Motion/Velocity/Displacement Electric/Magnetic Temperature Leaks/Levels Humidity/Moisture Acoustic/Sound/Vibration Force/Load/Torque Strain/Pressure Flow Chemical/Gas

21 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

22 Smart Systems from the Technology Point of View Processor & Memory Power Radio Sensor & Silicon based technologies Actuator Non-silicon based technologies printing, polymer-based, embroidered System integration technologies hetero, hybrid lightweight structures,

23 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

24 Example 1: power line monitoring Problem: increasing supply of renewable energies (e.g. solar and wind) and its high fluctuations Distribution of power from renewable sources is difficult (transport bottleneck) Safety margin (distance between power line and ground) reduce capacity utilization Goal: online monitoring of the power lines (temperature of the conductor, magnitude of the current, conductor sag) Monitoring system allows evaluation and optimization of the capacity utilization

25 power line monitoring Outer conducting hull Harvester electronic Filter

26 power line monitoring Sensor nodes suspended at intervals of a few hundred meters along the high-voltage power line (e.g. at 110 kv or 380 kv) Transmission of sensor values (inclination, temperature, current) along the chain to a base station Self-organization of the network Wireless communication in 2.4 GHz frequency band Energy required to operate the system is harvested from the electrostatic fringing field of the power line

27 Characterization Field test at a 110 kv power line Measurement of temperature and inclination Approval of the concept: power transmission can be monitored by measurement of inclination Wireless communication in 2.4 GHz frequency band Energy needed is harvested

28 Example 2: Grease Sensor Condition of the machine [%] Chemical/Physical modification vibration noise generation of heat overheating Pre warn time (standardized) Approximately 80 percent of all damages to greaselubricated bearings are caused by lubricants. Currently available sensors (structure-borne sound) are inapplicable, as they only detect a damage, which has already occurred. With grease sensors it is possible to detect changes of state in grease long before damages to bearings occur. Thus, the replacement of grease can be defined precisely.

29 Grease Sensor Solution printed circuit board Sensor case Primary electronics optical window

30 Grease Sensor Solution Measurement categories: Temperature Grease damage Contamination (abrasion, water) Grease degradation (aging) Parameter: Supply voltage: V Range of temperature: C Protection standard: IP68 Communication interface: Power output (4 20 ma) Switching output (0 24 V) CAN-Interface Others: Short-circuit proof Overload protection Inverse-polarity protection

31 Example 3: smart Sealing Ring Current industrial trends aim particularly at the functional integration of sensors in machine parts: Minimization of system errors Preservation of competitive advantages Seals are suitable machine parts, as they separate critical elements from anothers Challenges are in the: Development of novel multifunctional sensors Energy supply as well as communication opportunity, integration to an overall working system.

32 smart Sealing Ring Electronics & Signal Transmission Challenges Reliability (range of temperature: C, lifetime: 10 years) Aggressive surroundings (oil) Functions Measurement of: temperature, wear out of the seal and rotation speed every 3 seconds Rectification of the generator ac voltage SPI SPI MOSI 1 MISO 1 SCLK 1 μc CC2500 CC2500 CS 2 MOSI 2 MISO 2 SCLK 2 CS 3 μc TXD RXD USB

33 Example 4: fully integrated micro fluidic cartridges for in-vitro diagnostics

34 Smart Micro fluidic System: Functions to be integrated Fraunhofer ENAS works on full integration of the following components: Reagents Pumping Heating Control Electronics Communication Power supply Sensing Pumping of Reagents Integrated Heating ASIC for Pump Control Optical Biosensor

35 Outline 1. Internet of Things Definition, Explanation What are the threats of the Internet of Things? What do we need to enable the Internet of Things? Technologies Social needs 2. General Trends 3. Smart Integrated Systems 4. Application Examples of Fraunhofer ENAS 5. Closing remarks

36 E 2 MS Electronic Engineering & Manufacturing Services

37 Thank you for your attention >>