How To Manage A Disaster Risk In China

Transcription

1 2010/EPWG/SEM1/003 The Community Paradigm of Integrating Disaster Risk Governance into Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation in China Submitted by: Beijing Normal University Seminar on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation Sichuan, China September 2010

2 Seminar on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation APEC and The Ministry of Civil Affairs, P.R. China September 27-29, 2010,Chengdu,China The Community Paradigm of Integrating Disaster Risk Governance into Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation in China Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development Peijun Shi State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Key Laboratory of Enviroment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, MoCA &MoE Beijing Normal University 1. One Idea OUTLINE Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development 2. One Example Greensburg Rebuilding, KS, USA 3. One Paradigm The Community Paradigm of Integrated Disaster Risk Governance in China

3 One Idea Consilience Between Disaster RiskReduction and New Development A Chinese Way of Thinking for Dealing with Disaster Risk Reduction 天 地 人 和 (Nature, Living environment and People) Better understanding the relationship among three components in the Earth s system(nature, Living environment and People), their interaction and processes. 天 人 合 一 (Harmony between nature and people) Changes both in Nature and human society (People) must be coordinated with each other in spatial temporal scale and magnitude. Emphasis of speed of development

4 Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development 融 会 贯 通 (Integration and Consilience) New Development Construction Cooperation Consilience Disaster Recovery Coordinaton Disaster Rehabilitation One Example Greensburg Rebuilding after Kansas Tornado May 4,2007, USA

5 Tornado May 4,2007, USA Greensburg Kansas The highest rating on the Enhanced Fugita Scale of over 300 m.p.h. winds exhibited to the world. The width was distinguishable of 1.7 miles wide. A twenty minute forewarning of the whistle s piercing blow. Fifteen hundred Greensburg residents are misplaced by an EF 5 tornado. The fortitude plunging to shut the electric and gas utilities off immediately. The inner voice speaks to each of us to head for shelter now. Out of 1,300 homes,961 were destroyed; 105 with major, 67 with minor and 11 with slight damage. 12 persons lost their lives. We are survivors. We are the 21 st century pioneers. Through the blood, sweat and tears, we will forge forward to regroup our roots. We are rebuilding a new Greensburg.

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7 Greensburg Rebuilding Mayor Dixson

8 New Water Tower Greensburgks.org

9 New All LED Streetlights 1 st City in the U.S. to have all LED Streetlights New LED Streetlights

10 Kiowa County Memorial Hospital Grand Opening March 2010 and to achieve LEED Platinum Certification

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12 Dillons Store Grand Opening February 11, 2009 BTI- Greensburg John Deere Dealership LEED Platinum Certified

13 Arts Center 1 st LEED Platinum Building in Kansas City of Greensburg Sun Chips Business Incubator 1 st LEED Platinum Building Municipal Building in Kansas

14 1 st LEED Platinum Residential Facility in Kansas Prairie Point Townhomes

15 New Homes Blessed with a unique opportunity To create a strong community Devoted to family, Fostering business, working together for future generations.

16 3. One Paradigm The Community Paradigm of Integrated Disaster Risk Governance in China WHO International Safe Community Definition: A Safe Community can be a Municipality; a County; a City or a District of a City working with safety promotion, Injury, Violence and Suicide prevention and prevention of the consequences (human injuries) related to Natural Disaster, covering all age groups, gender and areas and is a part of an international network of accredited programmes.

17 Indicators for International Safe Communities 1. An infrastructure based on partnership and collaborations, governed by a crosssectional group that is responsible for safety promotion in their community; 2. Long term, sustainable programs covering both genders and all ages, environments, and situations; 3. Programs that target high risk groups and environments, and programs that promote safety for vulnerable groups; 4. Programs that document the frequency and causes of injuries; 5. Evaluation measures to assess their programs, processes and the effects of change; 6. Ongoing participation in national and international Safe Communities networks. Safe Community Youth Park Community Economy: China Number of inhabitants: 20,760 (2005) Programme started year:2002 International Safe Communities Network Membership: Designation year:2006 The programme covers the following safety promotion activities: For the age group Children 0 14 years: Dang. Dang Promotion Station for the youngsters The survey carried out by the Youth Park Safe Promotion Committee at the end of 2004 found that many school children s parents had the long standing wrong idea of education, that is, the more you urge children to study hard, the more successful they will be. Aiming at this issue, the committee established Dang. Dang Promotion Station focusing on education promotion for youngsters on May 10, Before the summer vacation, a series of safety education activities have been carried out in the primary and middle schools in the community to reduce accident and injury which used to occur in summer vacation. Exhibition was held in three schools alternatively and each student was distributed a Safety Knowledge Handbook, covering public safety, fire safety, traffic safety and so on.

18 Safe Community Youth Park Community economy: China Number of inhabitants: 20,760 (2005) Programme started year:2002 International Safe Communities Network Membership: Designation year:2006 The programme covers the following safety promotion activities: For the age group At the following environments: Home: Home Safety Traffic: Traffic safety Occupational: Safe Production School: School safety. Violence prevention: Community Police Suicide prevention: Psychological consultation service Programs aiming at High risk groups :Programs for the disabled people

19 NDRCC Model Community of Integrated Disaster Reduction Definition: A model community can be a community working with integrated disaster reduction covering all actions in disaster governance and is a part of an national network of accredited programmes by the office of NDRCC Numbers: 784(End of 2009)

20 Circular Economy Saving Resources Sustainability Environment Friendship Green Economy Risk Governance Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and Development Disaster System (DS) Environments (E) (E) Hazards (H) (H) Socio-economic system (S) (S) (P. Shi, 1991) DS=E H S

21 Discussion How do we assess multi-hazards risk and Disaster chains? Multi-hazards risk --regional multi-layer risks overlay using GIS? Disaster chains risk--regional risk accumulate with disaster tree? Earthquake disaster chain Heavy Rain Rock Collapse Landslides Debris Flow Barrier lakes Earthquake Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Chains

22 Stakeholders Mode of Disaster Risk Reduction Family Place Local Regional Global Integration Scales Community Institutes Stakeholders Governments Coordination Cooperation Construction Actions Communication Government: Development and Disaster Reduction (Governance) Community: Safety Construction (Legislation) Institute: Risk Transformation (Mechanism) Family: Risk Awareness (Education) Four Dimensional Paradigm of IRG System of systems for Multi-stakeholder, Multi-action, Multi-system and Multi-phase systems Integration of Integrations for Cooperation, Coordination, Opimization and Integration modes in transition-in and transition-out of IRG Multi-action (Coordination) C 1 C 2 C 3 After Structural Individual Household Institute Community Before Government During Non-structural Multi-system (Optimization) Multi-stakeholder (Cooperation) System for Multi-stakeholder, Multi-action, Multi-system and Multi-phase systems Integration for Cooperation, Coordination, Opimization and Integration modes Multi-phase (Integration) C 1: Construction C 2: Communication C 3: Clarification

23 Integrated risk governance and optimizing mode --Consilience between Structure and Function Optimization

24 Consilience between top down and bottom up governmence in transition in and transition out of LSD risk China With reference to the successful experiences of the developed economies in LSD risk transfer, while increasing the disaster protection level in high-risk areas, integrating catastrophe insurance with improving the China s national catastrophe governance paradigm, will definitely increase the efficiency and benefit of resource utilization for catastrophe response and improve world s capacity to governance to catastrophe. How do we transform from resillence economy and vulnerability community to resillence economy and community of LSD risk in China? Chinese Western Developed Country Time Time Top down Model Nation wide Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk Governance in China

25 Chinese Paradigm for Integrated LSD Risk Governance (Top down model) Chinese Top down Paradigm The Chinese Government s paradigm of Nation wide integrated LSD risk governance includes bases: the political advantage of China s socialist institution that can concentrate forces for a major event, construct temporary structures lawfully for emergency command, increasingly enhanced national strength, the excellent character of the Chinese nation and strong leadership of the central government contents: the national system of integrated catastrophe risk governance composed of the core role of the central government, crucial role of the people s army, assurance role of the powerful national strength, promoting role of the nationwide participation and cohering role of the media guidance systems: the structural system of national integrated disaster risk governance composed of safety protection, disaster rescue and relief, emergency management and risk transfer and the functional system of national integrated disaster risk governance composed of preparedness, emergency, recovery and reconstruction

26 Bottom up Model The Community Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk Governance in China The Community Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk Governance in China Sustainability Development (bottom up model) Environments and and Resources(E) Hazards and and Disasters (H) (H) Socio-economic system (S) (S) DS (Sustainability Development )=E H S DS (Sustainability Development )=E H S

27 Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development (bottom-up model) Chinese Paradigm for Integrated LSD Risk (bottom up model)

28 Chinese bottom up Paradigm The Chinese Local Government s paradigm of integrated LSD risk governance includes bases: Based on the carrying capacity of local resources and environments,social and economic development level contents: the local system of integrated catastrophe risk governance composed of the improve resources utilization efficience and environment quality, regroup industry structure and replan land use pattern, resitrct entry and reinforce prevention capacity, join disaster insurance and build safety commmunities and promote mutul rescue scheme and master self rescue skills systems: the structural system of local integrated disaster risk governance composed of safety protection, disaster rescue and relief, emergency management and risk transfer and the functional system of local integrated disaster risk governance composed of preparedness, emergency, recovery and reconstruction Thank you! 谢 谢