Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions PRODUCT CATALOG

Transcription

1 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions PRODUCT CATALOG

2 About TOP-CO Top-Co is a multinational corporation specialized in the design and manufacture of casing equipment. We differentiate ourselves by providing fit-for-purpose applications engineering support to help drilling and cementing engineers achieve long-term wellbore integrity. The company was founded in 1963 and today counts three manufacturing plants: original facility in Edmonton, Alberta, strategically located manufacturing platform in Weatherford, Texas, and a state-of-the-art facility conveniently located in Tianjin Free Trade Zone, China. Our products are manufactured and tested according to various API documents and are distributed internationally through a network of agents and distributors operating in most countries with oil and gas activities. We are reputed as a leading manufacturer and supplier of reliable products backed by exceptional product support. Product & Customer Support 100% of Top-Co s specialized resources and core competencies are focused on casing cementing solutions and hardware for oil, gas, and geothermal wells. With more than 50 years of providing fit-for-purpose solutions to solve challenges with casing running and cementing, our responsive specialized technical staff provides product support to our customers through strategically located global offices in USA, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Australia, China and Malaysia. Leading Manufacturing Facility Top-Co s operations are vertically integrated in a lean manufacturing platform and our specialized production facilities and large stocked inventory of immediately available parts in regional markets translates into industry leading order fill performance standards. Our certified production facilities include computer controlled machining centers, electronically controlled heat treating conveyor lines, and a state-of-the-art testing facility which is one of the most sophisticated in North America. Industry Certification Top-Co is certified to internationally recognized Quality Management Standards including International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2008 and American Petroleum Institute API Q1. Company Profile Required products are traceable in accordance with API Q1 specifications and are ISO Quality Management System compliant. Top-Co maintains traceability and product verification systems in all manufacturing processes for float equipment from receipt of raw materials to shipment of finished goods.

3 Contents TOP-CO S FIT-FOR-PURPOSE PROPOSAL Applications Engineering 4 Design Engineering 5 Research and Development 5 Quality Manufacturing and Certifications 6 Segments and Value Propositions 8 FLOAT EQUIPMENT Overview 10 Plunger Style Float Equipment 10 Flapper Style Auto Fill Float Equipment 12 Guide Shoe 12 Insert Float Equipment 13 Optional Items 13 INNER STRING FLOAT EQUIPMENT Overview 16 Inner String Equipment Accessories 16 STAGE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT Overview 18 Sequence of Operation 19 CEMENTING PLUGS Overview 22 Dimension Tables 24 CENTRALIZER SUBS Overview 25 CENTRALIZERS and CASING ACCESSORIES Overview 27 Welded Centralizers 27 Non-Weld Centralizers 28 Solid Body Centralizers 28 CASING ACCESSORIES Stop Collars 30 Cement Baskets 31 Wellbore Cleaning Tools 31 Centralizer Installation 31 Specialty Equipment 31 Engineered Casing Centralization Programs 32 CONVERSION FACTORS AND FORMULAS 34

4 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions TOP-CO S FIT-FOR-PURPOSE PROPOSAL Technical Operational / Commercial Reach TD Zonal Isolation Wellbore Integrity Executed by our Petroleum Engineers, Top-Co s applications engineering support includes: Evaluation of downhole conditions and drilling practices. Casing deflection, torque & drag, axial load, and buckling simulations. Surge and Swab calculations. Fit-For-Purpose equipment selection and configuration to mitigate identified challenges. Custom tests at Top-Co s flow loop testing facility. Field trials. Post installation analysis and friction factor calibration. Creation of field specific standardized operating procedures. Applications Engineering The fit-for-purpose concept consists of a technical procedure to better select and recommend our equipment. Analyzing the wellbore schematic and interacting with the drilling engineer, Top-Co defines the general themes and operating practices in the specific drilling area. These include bottomhole temperatures, expected mud weights, planned tops of cement, potential depleted zones, etc. By evaluating these parameters, we identify specific casing running and cementing challenges that our equipment can address, such as: High levels of torque. High levels of drag. Buckling (sinusoidal and helical). Differential pressure sticking. Tight annular clearances. Washout sections. Wellbore stability. Challenging trajectories. High temperature/high pressure. Gas migration. Weak formations. Tight pore/fracture pressure windows. Top-Co is a dedicated solutions provider, not just an equipment supplier. Our focused applications and design engineers, research & development projects, and testing initiatives, effectively contribute to three of our customers main drilling objectives: 1. Reaching total depth in a safe and cost effective manner. 2. Achieving zonal isolation. 3. Establishing long term wellbore integrity. Top-Co s Fit-for-Purpose proposal also contributes to operational and commercial advantages to our customers: Competitive pricing. Efficient delivery. Effective distributor management. Technical support. 4

5 TOP-CO Design Engineering Top-Co s design engineers are dedicated to bringing outstanding new products to market and to continually improving existing product lines. Using classical analysis as well as modern analytical tools (including Solidworks 3D modelling, finite element analysis, and computational fluid dynamics software), we promise to: Stay on the cutting edge of innovation. Ensure our products are verified as fit-for-purpose. Through these efforts, Top-Co s team of Professional Engineers maintains the high standard of product quality that is well known in the industry. Our commitment to future product development will always be maintained in the forefront of our corporate strategy. Products are validated in our state-of-the-art testing facility for performance against industry standard specifications, customer requirements, and real world operating conditions. Research and Development Top-Co offers the most advanced flow loop facility specifically designed for testing casing equipment. This state-of the-art flow loop verifies product performance and provides empirical input for its continuous improvement program. Test facility includes: State-of-the-art Flow Loop. High pressure / high temperature test chamber. Centralizer test bench. Cement compression strength test cell. CAPABILITIES: Flow loop Maximum flow rate of 22 bpm*. Maximum static pressure capability of 5,000 psi. * through a flow diameter of 4 High pressure / high temperature test chamber The maximum working temperature is 500 F (260 C) at a maximum working pressure of 15,000 psi (103 MPa). The fixture is equipped with three temperature probes for measuring both internal and external temperature of float equipment during testing process. Centralizer test bench Maximum working diameter of 36 (centralizers). Maximum load force of 50,000 lb. Maximum cylinder stroke of 36. BENEFITS TO OUR CUSTOMER: New product designs fully tested before introduction to marketplace. Confirmation of consistency in product performance. Quality control. Custom testing on any test specimen that fits between the working areas of the flow loop. Auxiliary inputs available for alternate pressure recording. 5

6 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Quality Manufacturing Utilizing modern production equipment, Top-Co ensures superior productivity performance and continuous compliance with quality standards. All three Top-Co manufacturing facilities United States, Canada, China - follow procedures in accordance with international quality standards, including API Q1 and ISO Our international suite of quality certifications reflects a corporate commitment to customer satisfaction, product conformance and reliability. Our Quality Management System clearly identifies individual and unique customer needs and ensures the communication of these needs is facilitated throughout the entire organization and manufacturing process. Operating processes reflect a full range of lean manufacturing and 5S principles. The operational excellence and production teams are dedicated to process mapping to identify continuous improvement programs which are realized in stable, predictable, and competitive pricing. State-of-the-Art Manufacturing Facility in China Top-Co is committed to continuously improving the quality and delivery of our products. In 2013, we commissioned our new state-of-the art manufacturing plant in Tianjin, China combining over 50 years of manufacturing experience with today s best manufacturing technology. Our highly-automated processes and skilled personnel deliver statistically-proven world class quality. Certifications include: API Specification Q1. ISO 9001:2008. API Specification 5CT. API Specification 10D registration submitted. We are proud of our new plant and our personnel, and we always welcome our customers for a tour. Additionally, we continue investing in our North American plants to ensure consistent certified quality across our product lines and across the world. 6

7 TOP-CO Certifications 7

8 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Segments and Value Propositions Evaluation of downhole conditions. Consideration of drilling and cementing practices. Casing deflection, torque & drag, and displacing efficiency analysis. Surge and swab analysis. Post-installation analysis and optimization. Customized testing. Development of Standard Operating Procedures. Customized quality plans. E & P s Over 50 years experience. Reliable brand. Applications engineering training. Highly experienced tendering team. Quick quoting times. NOC Common to all Certified quality. Testing beyond API requirements. Truth in advertising. Superior customer service. 8

9 TOP-CO Over 50 years experience providing high quality products with a reliable brand. Customized testing and data reporting. Superior customer service 24/7 delivering quick quoting times. Devoted contracts department. Service Companies Distributors Local support from our regional directors. Product availability and training. Forecasted inventory stocking plans. Market analysis. Brand equity. World class manufacturing processes. Multiple manufacturing plants. Consistent capacity expansion. Ability to adapt to rapid increases in demand. Experience focused in casing equipment. 9

10 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions FLOAT EQUIPMENT tested by experts proven in the field OVERVIEW Top-Co s float equipment is a key component for running casing and performing cementing operations. During cementing operations, float equipment is essential for preventing back-flow while also serving as a landing point for wiping and displacement plugs. When surge pressures on the formation are a concern, Top-Co s float equipment can be configured to auto-fill to prevent formation damage. Our float equipment is manufactured to the highest quality specifications and meets or exceeds the highest API standards. Float equipment is available in sizes 2-3/8 (63mm) to 30 (762mm) with a number of customizable options. Plunger Style Float Equipment HFX VALVE The HFX valve is used in float equipment for applications where high flow rates, lost circulation materials (LCM) and/or extended flow rates are encountered. The valve has a nitrile coated phenolic plunger for wear resistance and sealing of the valve. Other features include: PDC or Tri-Cone drillable. Composite housing with one piece over-molded plunger. Available with auto-fill option. Available in double valve configuration. API III-C rating; 24 hours of 10bpm, 5000 psi back pressure at 400 F. Cap Plunger Spring Cage ALUMINUM PLUNGER VALVE Float equipment sizes 2-7/8 to 4-1/2 (heavy wall greater than 11.6 ppf) with premium connections, utilize the aluminum plunger valve. Valves are threaded in aluminum valves featuring an over-molded viton seal. Cap Plunger Spring Cage Type 965/966 - Float Collar and Shoe All-purpose design utilized in applications ranging from close tolerance liners to full casing strings. Features the HFX Valve API III-C rating. Easy drill out with conventional PDC or Tri-Cone bits. Standard float shoe is provided with round cement nose to deflect off ledges or obstructions. Customizable options including nose types, ports/jets, and ball deflector Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

11 FLOAT EQUIPMENT TOP-CO Type 968/969 - Sidewinder Reamer Shoe Designed for problematic wells where reciprocation and/or rotation of the casing is anticipated to ream the hole and land the casing to total depth (TD). Features the HFX valve, which is API RP10F III-C rated. Standard features include aluminum eccentric nose with integral down jets, and side ports. Blades are coated with tungsten carbide cutting structure and height customized for hole size. For larger ratio of Junk Slot Area (JSA), a premium Sidewinder (Type 969) with machined vanes is available. Type 969 Premium Sidewinder Reamer Shoe Type 925/926 - II-B Float Collar and Shoe Utilized in less demanding well conditions. Available in sizes from 4-1/2 to 13-3/8. Offered only with K-55 grade material, API threads and standard options. API II-B rating; 12 hours of 10bpm, 3000 psi back pressure at 300 F. Type 505/506 Float Collar and Shoe, High Pressure The valve is rated to 10,000 psi bump and back pressure, and tested to 24 hours of 10 bpm. The valve parts are aluminum construction, with a rubber over-molded plunger. It features an over-molded HNBR seal for temperature capabilities up to 400 F. Standard with aluminum eccentric nose that has integral down jets. PDC and Tri-Cone drillable. Canada: USA: [email protected] 11

12 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Flapper Style Auto-Fill Float Equipment Auto-Fill Equipment Top-Co s auto-fill equipment allows for automatic filling of fluid within the casing, reducing casing running time by eliminating the need to fill from surface as well as lowering surge pressures on formations. Upper Flapper Body Flapper Assembly Seat Retaining Ring O-ring Main Body Shear Screw Type 537/538 - Float Collar and Shoe, Big Bore Auto-Fill Single flapper valve design. Valve is run in hole fully open allowing the casing to completely fill. Converted to conventional one-way check valve by dropping a ball and pressuring up to release the flapper. Until the conversion ball has been dropped, the casing can be circulated at any time without affecting the fill-up operation. Conversion pressure for the valve once the ball is dropped is 600 1,000 psi. API II-B rated for sizes up to 7-5/8 (Conversion balls available in three sizes: 1-3/4 (standard), 1-1/2, and 1-1/4 ). API III-C rated for sizes 8-5/8 and up (Conversion Ball: 3-1/2 ). Type 535/536 - Float Collar and Shoe, Differential-Fill Operation of the valve is controlled by the differential pressure across the valve assembly. Converted to conventional one-way check valve by dropping a ball and pressuring up to release the upper flapper and lock the lower sleeve. Until the conversion ball has been dropped, the casing can be circulated at any time without affecting the fill-up operation. Conversion pressure for the valve once the ball is dropped is 600 1,000 psi. Conversion balls available in three sizes: 1-3/4 (standard), 1-1/2, and 1-1/4. API II-B Rating; 12 hrs of bpm, 3000 psi back 300 F. Guide Shoe Type Guide Shoe Nose orifice is sufficiently large as to allow conversion balls, tubes, and debris to exit the casing without obstruction. Rounded nose assists running casing in hole. Load bearing capability for setting casing on bottom. PDC drillable Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

13 FLOAT EQUIPMENT TOP-CO Insert Float Equipment Type Insert Float Valve Flapper type valve that is installed in short API casing couplings for shallow wells. Auto fill-up/pump-out sleeves are available to set-up as an automatic fill-up unit. Manufactured to withstand various differential pressures based on casing size. OPTIONAL ITEMS Nose Options Round Nose Phenolic or aluminum. Phenolic nose standard up to 7 on float equipment. Bullet Nose Aluminum. Features 4 down-jets and center port. Bull Nose Aluminum or steel. Taper Cut Lip Nose Features 4 down-jets for sizes smaller than 7. Features 6 down-jets for sizes 7 and up. Composite. Spade Nose Aluminum. Features 4 down-jets and center port. Eccentric Nose Aluminum or composite. Features 3 down-jets. Design Options Jets: other Non-rotating plate. Ball catcher/deflector. Landing plate/baffle plate. Orifice. Latch-in plate. upjets sideports downjets Canada: USA: [email protected] 13

14 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions HFX Valve Specifications VALVE SIZE inlet 3 4-1/4 used in float equipment 6-5/8 to 14 >14 to 30 flow area 5.15 in² 9.62 in² diameter 2.56 in 3.50 in plunger flow area 6.72 in² in² outlet API RP 10F rating auto-fill conversion rate * MAX test as per API RP 10F. ** Size dependent. flow area in² in² diameter 4.35 in 5.53 in flow rate * 10 bbl/min 10 bbl/min durability * 24 hrs 24 hrs temperature * 400 F 400 F back pressure** 5,000 psi 5,000 psi rating** III-C III-C position 1 3 bbl/min - position 2 7 bbl/min - position 3 8 bbl/min 8-10 bbl/min Type 965/966 HFX Float Equipment Specifications Burst and Collapse (API Buttress and 8RD Threads Only) SIZE WEIGHT RANGE (lb/ft) K-55 L-80 T-95 (C-95) P-110 (C-110) 125 KSI (Q-125) COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST 6-5/ ,892 8,537 12,933 12,418 16,585 16,064 17,783 17,074 21,821 21, ,795 8,397 12,740 12,213 15,129 14,503 17,518 16,793 19,906 19, / ,014 7,615 11,657 11,076 14,957 14,321 15,820 15,230 19,675 18, / ,894 7,490 11,482 10,894 14,704 14,054 15,365 14,980 19,344 18, / ,632 7,220 11,101 10,501 14,206 13,531 14,383 14,439 18,471 17, / ,515 6,258 8,680 9,102 11,494 11,738 10,888 12,516 14,093 15, / ,947 5,926 7,832 8,619 10,371 11,109 9,680 11,851 12,565 14, / ,642 5,162 5,883 7,508 7,821 9,681 6,904 10,324 9,085 12, ,141 4,869 5,134 7,082 6,807 9,113 5,838 9,738 7,707 11, / ,928 5,330 6,310 7,752 8,278 9,937 7,513 10,659 9,712 13, ,045 4,228 4,077 6,480 4,650 7,905 4,130 8,456 5,242 10, Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

15 FLOAT EQUIPMENT TOP-CO Type 537/538 Big Bore Float Equipment Specifications Bump and Back Pressure SIZE BUMP PRESSURE RATING BACK PRESSURE RATING 4-1/2 5,000 3, ,000 3, /2 5,000 3, /8 5,000 3, ,000 3, /8 5,000 3, /8 5,000 5, /8 5,000 5, /4 5,000 5, /4 5,000 5, /8 5,000 5, ,200 2, /8 1,850 1, ,870 1,700 Type 537/538 Big Bore Valve Specifications VALVE SIZE 2 4 used in float equipment 4-1/2 to 7-5/8 8-5/8 to 30 inlet outlet API RP 10F rating* flow area 3.33 in² in² diameter 2.06 in 4.06 in flow area 2.84 in² in² diameter 1.90 in 3.90 in flow rate 10 bbl/min 10 bbl/min durability 24 hrs 24 hrs temperature 300 F 400 F back pressure ** 3,000 psi 5,000 psi rating II-B III-C 1-1/4 conversion balls 1-1/2 3-1/2 1-3/4 conversion pressure 600-1,000 psi 600-1,000 psi * Value for valve after conversion. ** Size dependent. Canada: USA: [email protected] 15

16 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions INNER STRING FLOAT EQUIPMENT engineered for cementing large casing OVERVIEW Top-Co s inner string cementing float equipment allows large diameter casing strings to be cemented through the drill pipe or tubing by stabbing/latching and sealing into the float shoe or collar. This eliminates the drill out of large quantities of cement, reduces circulating times, and reduces pumping pressures. Top-Co s inner string cementing float equipment utilizes the HFX valve and is offered with or without a latch-in feature on the stinger. Type 960/961 - Float Collar and Float Shoe, Stab-In Utilized for most inner string cementing applications. Recommended where reciprocation of the casing is not required during circulation. Recommended for use with Type 218 Latch-Down Drill Pipe Wiper Plug. Type 222 Stab-In Stinger required. PDC drillable. Type 962/963 - Float Collar and Float Shoe, Stab-In, Latch-In Recepticle has ratcheting left hand threads to lock the stinger into the float equipment. Drill pipe and stinger can be easily backed out of the float equipment receptacle when cement job is complete. Recommended where reciprocation of the casing is required. Recommended for use with Type 218 Latch-Down Drill Pipe Wiper Plug. Type 233 Stab-In Latch-In Stinger required. PDC drillable. Inner String Equipment Accessories Type Stab-In Stinger Stabbed into the float equipment by lowering directly into the receptacle. No rotation is required. Stinger is removed by picking up on the drill string. Manufactured to connect to drill pipe size and thread. Type 233 Stab-In Latch-In Stinger Stabbed into the float equipment when lowered directly into the receptacle. Left hand threads ratchet to lock the stinger in during cementing operations. Stinger is removed by picking up on the drill string and rotating to the right. Manufactured to connect to customer specified drill pipe size and thread. Recommended when the casing will be reciprocated during cementing. Type Top, Latch-Down, Drill Pipe Plug Designed for use with Type 222 or Type 233 stingers. Offered in sizes to wipe 4-1/2, 5, and 5-1/2 drill pipe. Nose features an aluminum snap ringthat latches into a receiver plate installed in the float equipment Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

17 INNER STRING FLOAT EQUIPMENT TOP-CO Type 960/961 Specificatons Back Pressure SIZE BACK PRESSURE RATING 7 5, /8 5, /8 5, /8 5, /4 5, /4 5, /8 5, , /8 1, ,700 Inner String Float Equipment Specifications Burst and Collapse (API Buttress and 8RD Threads Only) SIZE WEIGHT RANGE (lb/ft) K-55 L-80 T-95 (C-95) P-110 (C-110) 125 KSI (Q-125) COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST COLLAPSE BURST 7" ,795 8,397 12,740 12,213 15,129 14,503 17,518 16,793 19,906 19, /8" ,014 7,615 11,657 11,076 14,957 14,321 15,820 15,230 19,675 18, /8" ,894 7,490 11,482 10,894 14,704 14,054 15,365 14,980 19,344 18, /8" ,632 7,220 11,101 10,501 14,206 13,531 14,383 14,439 18,471 17, /4" ,515 6,258 8,680 9,102 11,494 11,738 10,888 12,516 14,093 15, /4" ,947 5,926 7,832 8,619 10,371 11,109 9,680 11,851 12,565 14, /8" ,642 5,162 5,883 7,508 7,821 9,681 6,904 10,324 9,085 12,737 16" ,141 4,869 5,134 7,082 6,807 9,113 5,838 9,738 7,707 11, /8" ,928 5,330 6,310 7,752 8,278 9,937 7,513 10,659 9,712 13,076 20" ,045 4,228 4,077 6,480 4,650 7,905 4,130 8,456 5,242 10,401 Canada: USA: [email protected] 17

18 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions STAGE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT designed effective cement placement for OVERVIEW Top-Co s stage cementing equipment allows for 2 and 3 stage cement jobs. This reduces breakdown of weak formations due to high hydrostatic pressure from a tall column of cement and allows for effective zonal isolation around lost circulation zones. It also assists in selectively placing cement over specific casing intervals. Stage collars are available in different casing grades, weights, and thread connections. Plugsets are available for each stage collar application and are ordered separately. Both hydraulic and mechanical stage collars are compatible for use with external casing packers. A combination of two stage tools can be configured for three stage cementing operations. Type Stage Collar (Hydraulic) with Phenolic Seats Designed to minimize drill out time. Phenolic seats and plugs with integrated anti-rotation features prevent plug rotation during drill out. Flexibility to open the stage collar either hydraulically or mechanically. Opening dart can be ordered separately for mechanically operating tool. Optional phenolic cancellation cone. Type Stage Collar (Mechanical) with Phenolic Seats Phenolic opening dart with anti-rotation features allows for quick drill out. Only recommended where deviation of the hole above the tool is 25 or less. Type Stage Collar (Hydraulic) Designed for maximum flexibility in user operations, the hydraulic feature allows the tool to operate in highly deviated or horizontal wells. One design for both mechanical and hydraulic operation. Consistent shifting pressure. Can adjust the hydraulic opening pressure by removing externally installed shear screws in the field. PDC drillable aluminum seats and plugs. Type Stage Collar (Mechanical) Designed for mechanical operation only using a free fall opening dart. Only recommended where deviation of the hole above the tool is 25 or less. PDC drillable aluminum seats and plugs Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

19 STAGE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT TOP-CO Sequence of Operation step1. 2. step step 2. step 3. hydraulic mechanical Step 1 - Step 2 - Step 2 - Step 3 - Stage collar in running-in and first stage cementing position. First stage shut-off plug will pass through stage cementing collar while displacing first stage cement, landing on baffle plate located in float collar. HYDRAULIC opening: Opening sleeve is shifted down by applying hydraulic casing pressure, allowing second stage cement to be displaced through the ports. MECHANICAL opening: Opening dart is dropped (free-fall), and landed in the opening seat. casing pressure is applied, the opening sleeve is shifted to the open position allowing second stage cement to be displaced through the ports. Once the second stage cement job is complete, the closing plug lands in the stage cementing collar closing seat. Application of casing pressure shears the shear screws and pushes the closing sleeve to the closed and locked position, sealing off the ports. This completes the two stage cement job. (Hydraulic operation works the same, but no opening dart will be present). The basic two-stage cementing plugset for: Hydraulic Stage Collar: 1st STAGE CEMENTING 2nd STAGE CEMENTING shut-off plug w/rubber baffle plate closing plug Mechanical Stage Collar: 1st STAGE CEMENTING 2nd STAGE CEMENTING shut-off plug w/rubber baffle plate opening dart closing plug 19

20 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Type Stage Tool Specifications (Hydraulic) Operation Specifications - English L-80 P-110 STAGE TOOL BODY SIZE CASING WEIGHT (lbs./ft) OPENING PRESSURE - hydraulic CLOSING PRESSURE MAXIMUM BURST PRESSURE MAXIMUM COLLAPSE PRESSURE MAXIMUM BURST PRESSURE MAXIMUM COLLAPSE PRESSURE MAX TEMP RATING ( F) OD MAX DRILLOUT ID 4 N/A 900-3,600 1,300-1,600 9,800 9,903 13,475 12, / / ,600 1,200-1,500 8,948 8,408 12,303 15, ,600 1,000-1,300 8,232 7,152 11,319 8, , ,000 7,813 6,417 11,033 8, / , ,200 7,350 5,604 10,106 6, / / , ,200 6,431 3,992 8,842 4, ,100 6,236 3,650 8,575 4, , ,100 5,717 3,053 7,860 3, / , ,977 3,351 8,218 3, /8 10-3/4 11-3/ , ,440 2,738 7,480 2, , ,629 2,953 7,739 3, , ,935 4,877 9,536 5, /4 N/A 650-2, ,814 3,164 7,993 3, / , ,717 3,053 7,860 3, NOTE: 1. Casing weight ranges apply to API 8RD and Buttress connections only. 2. Opening pressure can be adjusted by varying the number of shear screws Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

21 STAGE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT TOP-CO Type Stage Tool Specifications (Mechanical) Operation Specifications - English SIZE CASING WEIGHT (lb./ft) OPENING PRESSURE - mechanical CLOSING PRESSURE MAXIMUM BURST PRESSURE NOTE: Casing weight ranges apply to API 8RD and Buttress connections only. L-80 P-110 STAGE TOOL BODY MAXIMUM COLLAPSE PRESSURE MAXIMUM BURST PRESSURE MAXIMUM COLLAPSE PRESSURE MAX TEMP RATING ( F) OD MAX DRILLOUT ID 4 N/A 700-1,000 1,300-1,600 9,800 9,903 13,475 12, / ,000 1,200-1,500 8,948 8,408 12,303 15, ,000 1,000-1,300 8,252 7,152 11,319 8, / ,000 7,813 6,417 11,033 8, / ,200 7,350 5,604 10,106 6, / ,200 6,421 3,992 8,842 4, , ,650 8,575 4, / ,100 5,717 3,053 7,860 3, / ,977 3,351 8,218 3, / ,440 2,738 7,480 2, / ,629 2,953 7,739 3, / ,925 4,877 9,536 5, /4 N/A ,814 3,164 7,993 3, / ,717 3,053 7,860 3, [email protected] Canada: USA:

22 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions CEMENTING PLUGS designed and tested for superior performance OVERVIEW Top-Co s cementing plugs are used during cementing operations for wiping the casing ID clean of drilling fluids and providing separation between mud, spacers, and cement. They also prevent over displacement of the cement slurry and indicate when the cementing job is complete. All plugs are designed to fit in conventional cementing heads. Type 247/248 - Top and Bottom, Non-Rotating Phenolic Core Plugs Requires Top-Co float collar with non-rotating plate installed. Phenolic core cementing plugs with integral teeth. Wiping fins are molded from natural rubber or hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR). Temperature rating ( F): -65 to 180 (Standard); -40 to 300 (High Temp). PDC drillable. Type 250/251 - Top and Bottom, Urethane Plugs Urethane core cementing plugs. Wiping fins are molded from urethane. Temperature rating of 250 F. PDC drillable. Type 252/253 - Top and Bottom, Phenolic Core Plugs Phenolic core cementing plugs Wiping fins are molded from natural rubber or hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR). Temperature rating ( F):-65 to 180 (Standard);-40 to 300 (High Temp). PDC drillable. Type 255/256 - Top and Bottom, Aluminum Core Ideal for use in high temperature well conditions. Cast Aluminum core cementing plugs. Wiping fins are molded from Natural Rubber or Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR). Temperature rating ( F): -65 to 180 (Standard); -40 to 300 (High Temp). PDC Drillable. Type Top, Latch-Down Plug Consists of screw in latch-down baffle plate and top-plug. Plug features an O-ring seal and a lock ring on the nose. Prevents flow back. Available in sizes from 2-3/8 to 7. PDC drillable Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

23 CEMENTING PLUGS TOP-CO Type Bottom Latch-Down Plug The plug features an O-ring seal and a lock ring on the nose. The ring locks the plug firmly in place and the O-ring holds pressure from either direction. Provides a double latch-down plug system when combined with Type 217 top plug. The bottom plug features a rupture disc with a burst pressure range of psi. Temperature Rating ( F): -65 to 180 (Standard); -40 to 300 (High Temp). Available in sizes 4-1/2, 5-1/2, and 7. PDC drillable. Type Top, Latch-Down, Kwik Drill Consists of a silicone plug with a polymer core and latch-down nose. Features an O-ring seal and a lock ring on the nose. Can be ordered in single, double or triple length. Special consideration needed for compatibility of cement heads. Available with an aluminum core for HTHP applications. PDC drillable. Type 547/548 - Top and Bottom, Kwik Drill Polymer or Aluminum (Hi-Temp) core cementing plugs. Wiping fins are molded from Silicon. Temperature Rating ( F): up to 300 (Standard); 450 (High-Temp Core). PDC Drillable. 700 Series - Combination Cementing Plugs Allows tapered casing strings to be cemented while ensuring efficient wiping of the cement from different casing IDs in the string. Designed and tested to withstand 5,000 psi differential pressure. PDC drillable. Combination Plugs include: Type 707/708 Top and Bottom, Standard. Type 717/718 Top and Bottom, Non-Rotating. Canada: USA: [email protected] 23

24 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Dimension Tables Top-Co Phenolic Core Cementing Plugs Type 247 Top Non-Rotating Plug Type 248 Bottom Non-Rotating Plug Type 252 Top Phenolic Core Plug Type 253 Bottom Phenolic Core Plug D D E E A B C C SIZE WEIGHT RANGE (lb/ft) BUMP PRES- SURE A 4-1/2" , " , /2" , /8" , " , /8" * , /8" , /8" , /8" , /4" , /4 - XL , /4" , /8" , * Plug is Suitable for 7-3/4 46.1# Casing B C D E Type Top, Single Latch-Down Plug A SIZE BUMP PRESSURE BACK PRESSURE* A B C D E F 2-7/8" 6,500 3, B 3-1/2" 6,500 3, /2" 5,000 3, " 5,000 3, E 5-1/2" 5,000 3, C 6-5/8" 5,000 3, " 5,000 3, * Back pressure acting against the plug once seated and latched into the receptacle. F D 24 Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

25 TOP-CO CENTRALIZER SUBS constructed to endure extreme conditions OVERVIEW With the energy industry s challenging and demanding performance requirements, Top-Co s Centralizer Subs are designed to withstand the most extreme deepwater down hole conditions. Manufactured from mechanical stock tubing, the centralizer subs are designed to perform in wells containing tight clearances and under-reamed hole sections. Additionally, Top-Co s customization capabilities allow the sub design to match the exact needs of most well and casing programs. Combined with Top-Co s expert Applications Engineering team and the simulations offered, the centralizer subs meet specific well requirements, as well as overcome common drilling challenges. Type D2 Centralizer - Sub, Integral/Bow Spring Designed for use in deepwater wells where tight wellbore restrictions and under-reamed sections are encountered. The D 2 model is particularly well suited for applications that require additional protection to the bow spring while running casing, and applications with uncertain or high levels of side force. Features: Solid vanes machined on the OD of a tubular sub over which a bow spring centralizer is placed. Notched bow spring collar: Bow springs are welded into the notches, resulting in a flush profile reducing minimum compressed OD. Full scale tests show bow springs cause no damage to the subsea casing hanger seal surfaces. Advantages: Compression of the bow springs between the vanes ensures their protection when going through dog legs and tight clearances. The solid vanes guarantee a minimum standoff when higher than expected side forces are encountered. Stress caused by inadvertent rotation is distributed evenly around the collar instead of being concentrated on a single bow, reducing the risk of failure. Vane dimensions are customizable to increase flow by area and standoff. Particularly well suited for reciprocation. The centralizer will stay in place due to the notched collar design. Guaranteed stand-off that will lead to improved mud displacement and cementing. Top Co s Type 360 D 2 (D Squared) Bow Spring Centralizer Sub is covered by US Patent / & Trademark Canada: USA: [email protected] 25

26 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Type Rotobo Centralizer - Sub, Integral/Bow Spring Designed to withstand the most extreme deepwater down hole conditions. Top-Co s customization capabilities allow the sub design to match the exact needs of most wells and casing programs. Features Welded bow spring centralizer installed over integral shoulders which are machined into the sub. The centralizer is free to rotate about the sub s axis. Advantages Ability to rotate the casing string without damaging the bows or centralizer sub. Allows for improved mud removal and cement placement through casing rotation. Increased flow by area. Lower cost. Customization of bow-spring type and quantity. Type SuperCombo Centralizer - Sub, Integral/Bow Spring Particularly well suited for applications where the user desires machined vanes for guaranteed stand-off and protection of the bow spring especially with uncertain or high levels of side forces combined with the ability to rotate the casing string. Features Welded bow spring centralizer installed over integral shoulders which are machined into the sub. Machined vanes (either spiral or straight) can be placed above and/or below the centralizer. Advantages Ability to rotate the casing string without damaging the centralizer sub. The solid vanes guarantee a minimum stand-off when higher than expected side forces are encountered. The solid vanes provide protection to the bow spring centralizer. Improved mud displacement and cementing. Additional fluid agitation. Customizable blade angle and blade length. Customizable bow spring type and quantity independent of the machined vanes. Type Rigid Inline Centralizer - Sub Designed for versatility in both land and deepwater application with tight clearance designs where standard slip-on solid body centralizers cannot meet drift requirements or performance requirements. Rotation can help to overcome drag. Well suited to overcome concerns with extremely tight holes to ensure proper standoff for cementing. Improved mud removal and cementing in extremely tight clearances Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

27 CENTRALIZERS and CASING ACCESSORIES for successful cementing and completions CENTRALIZERS OVERVIEW Welded Centralizers TOP-CO Top-Co s centralizers and casing accessories are designed and manufactured to assist casing running and cementing. Starting, Running and Restoring force tests performed in Top-Co s Test Facility as per API Specification 10D, and holding force tests as per API Recommended Practice 10D-2. The tests are conducted at Top-Co s state-of-the-art testing facility, which features a fully computerized centralizer test bench. Type Bow Spring Centralizer Provides uniform annular clearance and is suited for vertical and slightly deviated applications. Minimizes differential sticking. Can be rotated or reciprocated with the casing. Also available as a slip-on (Type 302). Type Bow Spring, Close Tolerance, Slip-on Notched collar design allows for a smaller minimum compressed OD of the bows required in close tolerance applications. Slip-on design removes hinge as another way to reduce minimum OD. Recommended with integral set screws on the collar. Type Bow Spring, Hinged (Turbolizer) Designed as a Type 300 bow spring centralizer with welded turbolator fins inside the bows. Fins provide additional fluid agitation for cementing benefits in critical zones. Over the coupling option also available (Type 321). Type 335/336 - Bow Spring (Semi-Positive), Hinged Ideal for highly deviated applications. Provides higher restoring force while minimizing starting and running forces as compared to the standard bow spring. Over the coupling option also available (Type 336). Type Rigid, Hinged Features rigid bars. Can withstand high side force loading in deviated wells. Offers sufficient clearance for maximum fluid flow. Also available as a slip-on (Type 331). Canada: USA: [email protected] 27

28 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Non-Weld Centralizers Type Bow Spring, Hinged Suited for vertical and deviated applications. Interlocking design between the end collar and bow spring makes for a strong, reliable centralizer. Type 385/386 - Bow Spring (Semi-Positive) Hinged Designed for use in deviated applications where low running forces and higher restoring forces are vital to casing running operations. Over the coupling option also available (Type 386). Type Rigid, Hinged Engineered for use in deviated and horizontal applications and cased hole and liner overlap. Rib design allows for optimized fluid flow in the annulus. Solid Body Centralizers 28 Type Solid Body, Stamped Used in deviated and horizontal wells. Recommended for use in close tolerance and liner applications. Suitable for reciprocation and rotation during cementing. Available with set screws. Type Welded, Heavy Duty, Slip-On Designed to provide consistent stand-off when high side forces are present. 45 angled fins are welded to the body in left or right hand configurations. Integral set screws are standard but can be ordered without. Can be installed between stop collars to allow rotation on the pipe. Also available as hinged in tubing sizes (Type 349). Available in left, right, or straight vane orientation. Type Welded, Slip-On Slip-on design allows for direct installation over the casing in between stop collars or casing collars. Increased length compared to common types of centralizers with no blade overlap. Recommended for horizontal and extended reach wells where higher strength is required or when rotation is required to install casing. No blade overlap to prevent bulldozing cuttings. Available in left, right, or straight vane orientation. Available with set screws. Type Welded, Hollow Vane, Slip-On Features hollow steel blades with a rounded smooth profile. All steel design can withstand severe wellbore conditions. Can be used in wells where casing reciprocation and/or rotation is required. Available with or without set screws. Available in right or straight vane orientation. Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

29 CENTRALIZERS TOP-CO Type TOP REACH GLIDER Developed specially for horizontal and extended reach wells. Low coefficient of friction centralizer made from a thermoset polymer. Up to 50% lower coefficient of friction over steel centralizers. Increased length compared to common types of centralizers with no blade overlap to prevent bulldozing cuttings. Available in right or straight vane orientation. Top Co s Type 346 TOP REACH GLIDER is a registered trademark of Top-Co Inc., and Registered, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Top-Co s Top Reach Glider Versus Competitor s Centralizer Which will wear less? Average Wear Groove Depth Profile Depth Profile (mm) Horizontal Position Across Depth (mm) TOP-CO TOP-CO Competitor Competitor 5.5 times less volume loss with Top-Co s Top Reach Glider Abrasion testing was performed on a Linear Abraser Model 5750 from Taber Industries. The test method was based on ASTM G133 specifications, with the following deviations: 1. Specimens were cut and machined from the centralizers and used as is. 2. Abradant: H-22 Wearaser - Verified, coarse; material Alumina Silicate; size diameter 6.35 mm (1/4 ). 3. Normal force: 24.0 N. 4. Stroke length: 12.5 mm. 5. Oscillating frequency: 1.25 Hz. 6. Test durations: 53 min 20 s (sliding distance =100 m). Independent studies were conducted by the University of Southern California and included 27 test coupons from centralizers from each company. Canada: USA: [email protected] 29

30 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions Which shape will be more identifiable at the shaker? TOP-CO Test Description The test was designed to simulate the scraping of a centralizer on an immovable sharp object. The process was run in a controlled fashion using a boring bar affixed in a CNC programmed to scratch at depths relevant to field service (10 30 thousandths of an inch) at controlled speeds of 90 per minute and 360 per minute. Equipment CNC Mill Boring Bar Carbide Insert Vise Description Fadal VMC5020A Material: Steel, Diameter 0.50, Length: 6 Insert Smooth Finish Style TCMT-21.52, Insert Size: 0.25, Thickness: , Tip Radius: Kurt Anglock D688 Top-Co s TOP REACH GLIDER succesfull installations: Canada USA Colombia Ecuador Argentina Peru Guatemala Mexico Saudi Arabia Indonesia Russia Australia Denmark Nigeria France North Sea Competitor CASING ACCESSORIES Stop Collars Type Hinged with Bolt Bolt lock mechanism allows for quick and easy installation over casing. Holding force tested as per API Recommended Practice 10D-2. Type Hinged with Spiral Nails Utilizes spiral locking pins which, when driven in firmly, lock the collar into position around the casing. Sizes less than 13-3/8 use two spiral locking nails. Sizes 13-3/8 and greater use four spiral locking nails. Holding force tested as per API Recommended Practice 10D-2. Type Heavy Duty, Slip On with Set Screws Installed with set screws. Designed for use where higher holding forces are required. Easy installation that can be achieved using an 1/4 Allen wrench. Available options include stainless steel set screws, full stainless steel design, slim hole set screws. Holding force tested as per API Recommended Practice 10D-2 30 Type Super Heavy Duty, Slip On with Set Screws Utilizes 3 rows of set screws to give excellent gripping force for holding centralizers in place where high axial loads are expected. Available options include stainless steel set screws, full stainless steel design or slim hole set screws or beveled edge. Holding force tested as per API Recommended Practice 10D-2. Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

31 Type Hinged with Set Screws Designed to be latched on to the casing with set screws providing additional holding force. Cement Baskets Type Welded, Hinged/ Slip On Design allows cement to flow in an upward direction and helps support the hydrostatic column of fluid. Typically run above weak formations requiring protection from the pressure exerted by the cement column. Also available is Type 403 Cement Basket slip-on with internal stop collar. Well Bore Cleaning Tools Type Wall Cleaner, Cable, Hinged Removes excess wall filter cake which helps to improve cement bond. Hinged design for ease of installation. Also available with slip on design (Type 450). Centralizer Installation Preferred installation is over the stop collar. This allows for the bow spring centralizer to be pulled into the hole during run-in (Fig 1). Pushing the centralizer will increase starting and running forces and may damage the bows. Placement over the coupling eliminates need for stop collar but can reduce standoff at midspan (Fig 2). For solid body centralizers, stop collars are recommended to be placed above and below centralizer (Fig 3), but can also be installed between collar and coupling (Fig 4), or they are installed to float between couplings. Specialty Equipment Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Type API Modified High Pressure Thread Compound Excellent lubrication qualities to prevent galling and wear of threads. Manufactured to API BUL 5A3 requirements. Brushable over a wide temperature range. Leak prevention to 10,000 psi. Not recommended for rotary shoulder connections. Available as a lead-free option. Type Thread Lok Compound Used for bonding most threaded substrates, including all metals, wood, composites, rubber to metal, rubber to cement, rubber to wood, and rubber to composites. Can also be used as adhesive metal filler. Kit is provided in pre-measured amounts of resin paste and liquid activator.

32 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions ENGINEERED CASING CENTRALIZATION PROGRAMS ABSTRACT Fit-for-purposed engineered casing centralization programs, based on actual downhole conditions AND drilling practices, can help to minimize the compromise between getting casing to bottom and achieving good zonal isolation. Pre and post installation analysis must be conducted to identify the main expected challenges and implement mitigating techniques. Close communication between operator and manufacturer increases the chances of success. CONSIDERATIONS Review and evaluate previous casing centralization programs. Discuss with the drilling engineer past experiences in running casing in the area. If available, obtain relevant data from offset wells. Competency of formations. Type of formations and abrasiveness. Location of permeable formations. Location and severity of washout sections. Wellbore stability concerns. Drilling mud type (OBM, WBM). Define maximum bottomhole temperature. Type of bottom hole assembly. Type of stabilizers. Casing running practices. Discuss with the production engineer zonal isolation issues or concerns. If available, discuss results from micro-seismic. Consider formation pressure windows and ECD concerns during cementing. Define cementing objectives. BALANCING COMPETING FORCES Centralizer OD: improves stand-off but increases drag. Centralization at mid-span: improves mud removal but allows couplings to increase drag. Installation over coupling: reduces drag but reduces removal of excess mud cake (differential pressure sticking). Installation over coupling: reduces drag but reduces stand-off. Higher restoring forces: better stand-off but higher stiffness. Semi-rigid centralizers: higher restoring forces but lower performance in washouts. Polymer centralizers: lower coefficient of friction but lower wear resistance. Fixed to casing: overcomes drag but increases torque. Spiral blades: promote fluid agitation but bulldoze cuttings. Straight blades: reduced drag but less bridging effect. Two smaller centralizers versus one larger centralizer. Stop collars: improve positioning but take longer to install. Floating installation: easier reciprocation but less mud removal. Blade count: higher stability but lower flow by area. ANALYSIS AND FIT-FOR-PURPOSE SELECTION Evaluate well trajectory. Identify changes in: curvature, inclination angle, hole diameter, casing specifications. Identify tops of annular fluids. Break up the casing string in meaningful sections. If working with planned survey, consider artificial tortuosity. If working with actual survey, review slide sheet to check for possible hidden dog legs. Evaluate hole cleaning practices and determine the possibility of cuttings left behind. Run API 10D tests of the proposed bow spring centralizers in each interval; use test results in torque and drag simulations. Run sensitivity analysis on casing running friction factors; adjust accordingly based on intervals, under-gage, tortuosity, cuttings, etc. Conduct axial load analysis, considering additional side forces from buckling Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

33 TOP-CO Identify buckled intervals and adjust centralizers accordingly. BUCKLING: none sinusodial helical Analyze development of side forces during casing run and define centralizer types accordingly (check shallow doglegs). Vertical Section Standard Bow Spring Shallow Dog Leg High concentration of side forces Build Section Higher Restoring Force Extended Reach Horizontal Leg Drag Reduction Determine rotation requirements and select centralizer type and installation mode accordingly. Consider casing to centralizer coefficient of friction. Evaluate stand-off at mid-span. Evaluate changes in stand-off throughout the cement job. Consider spacing based on swirl length. Evaluate displacing efficiencies for a given stand-off profile. Consider perforation intervals. Discuss centralization program and installation procedures with field personnel. Conduct post installation analysis and calibration. Implement gradual changes based on casing running issues and zonal isolation success. Develop field-specific Standard Operating Procedures. Canada: USA: [email protected] 33

34 Fit-for-Purpose Casing, Cementing, and Completion Solutions CONVERSION FACTORS AND FORMULAS FORMULAS Fluid Density API = [ 141.5/SG] BF = 1 - [SG / 7.85] kg/m 3 = 1000 x SG lb/gal (us) = x SG SG = / [API ] Hydrostatic Pressure P(kPa) = x density (kg/m 3 ) x depth (mtdv) P(MPa) = x density (kg/m 3 ) x depth (mtdv) P = x density (lb/gal (us)) x depth (ft TVD) Pipe Stretch L(cm) = [F(daN) x L(m)] / [20,700(kPa) x As(cm 2 )] L = [F(lb) x L] / [30,000,000psi x As(in 2 )] L(m) = [F(N) x L(m)] / [207E9(Pa) x As(cm 2 )] Temperature C = [ F - 32] / 1.8 F = [ C x 1.8] +32 CONVERSION FACTORS Multiply By To Get Area cm in 2 ft m 2 in cm 2 m ft 2 Flow Rate bbl/min m 3 /min m 3 /min 6.29 bbl/min Fluid Density lb/gal (us) kg/m 3 kg/m lb/gal (us) SG 1000 kg/m 3 SG bs/gal (us) Fluid Pressure Gradient kpa/m psi/ft psi/ft kpa/m Length cm in ft cm ft m in 2.54 cm in 25.4 mm km mile m 100 cm m ft m in ml km mm in Pipe Density kg/m lb/ft lb/ft kg/m Multiply By To Get Pressure atmospheres kpa atmospheres psi bar psi kpa 0.01 bar kpa psi MPa psi psi bar psi kpa psi MPa Torque ft lbs N m N m ft lbs Volume bbl 42 gal(us) bbl m 3 gal(imp) L gal(us) 231 in 3 gal(us) L L 0.22 gal(imp) L gal(us) L m 3 m bbl m gal(us) Force and Mass dan lb (force) kg lb (force) lb (force) dan lb (force) N lb (mass) kg lb (mass) tonne N lb (force) tonne 2205 lb (mass) Fluid data API Specific Density Gradient Gravity kg/m 3 kpa/m BF* Comment Ricinus Gold gasoline C ethanol methanol Fracsol P-40 diesel fresh water % acetic acid % acetic acid % KCI Liquid CO % NaCl % acetic acid % CaCl % acetic acid % KCI % NaCl % CaCl Fluid data Specific Density Gradient Gravity kg/m 3 kpa/m BF Comment % NaCl % HCl acid % CaCl % KCI % NaCl % HCl acid % CaCl % HCl acid % HCl acid % HCl acid Technical Support Line: Phone: Toll Free:

35 TOP-CO TOP-CO Worldwide United States Canada Mexico Colombia United Kingdom United Arab Emirates Malaysia China Australia Canada: USA:

36 TM Corporate Office Beltway Antoine Business Center 3433 N. Sam Houston Parkway W. Suite 404 Houston, Texas Phone: Toll Free: Street NW Edmonton, Alberta T6P 1S7 Phone: Toll Free: PC R7