The CroCo Translation Archive
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1 LINGUISTIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSLATIONS A CORPUS-BASED INVESTIGATION FOR THE LANGUAGE PAIR ENGLISH-GERMAN The CroCo Translation Archive Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access Mihaela Vela & Silvia Hansen-Schirra Universität des Saarlandes Overview CroCo Corpus Representation Linguistic Annotation Alignment Outlook
2 Corpus-based comparison of translations with originals in source AND target language Specific properties of translations: e.g. simplification, normalisation, explicitation Blum-Kulka 1986, Baker 1996, Olohan & Baker /27/2006 Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access 3 The CroCo Corpus English texts Reference Corpus ER Registercontrolled Corpus EO 8 registers, at least 10 texts each, 3125 words (av.) 17 registers, 2,000 word samples each Translation Corpus GTrans Translation Corpus ETrans Reference Corpus GR German texts Registercontrolled Corpus GO
3 File headers (Text Encoding Initiative) Information about: Author, publication, register information (text type) Translator, translation process Text body (multi-layer stand-off XML) Linguistic annotation and alignment 4/27/2006 Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access 5 The Header <teiheader> <filedesc> <filename>go_fiction_001.txt</filename> <subcorpus>fiction_go</subcorpus> <language>german</language> <titlestmt> <title>mein Jahr als Mörder</title> <author>delius, Friedrich Christian</author> </titlestmt> <translation></translation> <publicationstmt> <publisher>rowohlt Berlin Verlag</publisher> <date>2004</date> <distributor> <availability>local</availability> </publicationstmt> <registeranalysis> </registeranalysis>
4 Morphology (MPro), part-of-speech (TnT), phrases (MPro), grammatical functions Representation format: XML Annotation Multi-layer: each annotation different layer Stand-off annotation: annotation layers separate Connection within a language by Xlink, Xpointer, xml:base attributes 4/27/2006 Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access 7 XML Annotation name="go.tok.xml" xml:lang="de" doctype="ori"> <header xlink:href="go.header.xml"/> <tokens> <token id="t64" strg="ich"/> <token id="t65" strg="spielte"/> <token id="t66" strg="viele"/> <token id="t67 strg="möglichkeiten"/> <token id="t68" strg="durch"/> <token id="t69" strg=","/> </tokens> name="go.tag.xml"> <tokens xml:base="go.tok.xml"> <token pos="pper" xlink:href="#t64"/> <token pos="vvfin" xlink:href="#t65"/> <token pos="pidat" xlink:href="#t66"/> <token pos="nn" xlink:href="#t67"/> <token pos="ptkvz" xlink:href="#68"/> <token pos="yc" xlink:href="#t69"/> </tokens> name="go.chunk.xml"> <chunks xml:base="go.tok.xml"> <chunk id="ch13"> <tok xlink:href="#t66"/> <tok xlink:href="#t67"/> <chunk id="ch14"> <tok xlink:href="#t70"/> <chunk id="ch15"> <tok xlink:href="#t71"/>
5 name="go.chunk.xml"> <chunks xml:base="go.tok.xml"> <chunk id="ch13"> <tok xlink:href="#t66"/> <tok xlink:href="#t67"/> <chunk id="ch14"> <tok xlink:href="#t70"/> <chunk id="ch15"> <tok xlink:href="#t71"/> name="go.ps.xml"> <chunks xml:base="go.chunk.xml"> <chunk ps="np" xlink:href="#ch13"/> <chunk ps="vpfin" xlink:href="#ch14"/> <chunk ps="np" xlink:href="#ch15"/> <chunk ps="np" xlink:href="#ch16"/> <chunk ps="pp" xlink:href="#ch17"/> <chunk ps="np" xlink:href="#ch18"/> <chunk ps="vppred" xlink:href="#ch19"/> name="go.gf.xml"> <chunks xml:base="go.chunk.xml"> chunk gf="dobj" xlink:href="#ch13"/> <chunk gf="fin" link:href="#ch14"/> <chunk gf="iobj" xlink:href="#ch15"/> <chunk gf="dobj" xlink:href="#ch16"/> <chunk gf="adv" xlink:href="#ch17"/> <chunk gf="pred" xlink:href="#ch19"/> 4/27/2006 Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access 9 Alignment Sentences (WinAlign, Trados), Clauses (MMAX II), Phrases (MMAX II), Words (GIZA++) Representation format: XML Alignment Multi-layer: each alignment different layer Stand-off annotation: alignment layers separate Connection between source and target language by Xlink and Xpointer attributes plus <translations> element
6 German source He Ihre Hände ließen ihn leise English target wimmern whimpered softly under her hands EMPTY LINK name= GO2Etrans.tokenAlign.xml"> <translations xml:base="/corpus/"> <translation trans.loc= GO.tok.xml xml:lang="ge" n="1"/> <translation trans.loc= Etrans.tok.xml" xml:lang="en" n="2"/> </translations> <tokens> <token> <align xlink:href="#t3"/> </token> <token> <align xlink:href="#t4"/> </token> <token> <align xlink:href="#t4"/> <align xlink:href="#t1"/> </token> 4/27/2006 Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access 11 XML Chunk Alignemnt German source SUBJ FIN DOBJ ADV PRED Ihre Hände ließen ihn leise wimmern He whimpered softly under her hands SUBJ FIN ADV ADV English target CROSSING LINE name= GO2ETrans.gfAlign.xml"> <translations xml:base="/corpus/"> <translation trans.loc= GO.chunk.xml" xml:lang="ge" n="1"/> <translation trans.loc= ETrans.chunk.xml" xml:lang="en" n="2"/> </translations> <chunks> <chunk> <align xlink:href="#ch1"/> <align xlink:href="#ch1"/> <chunk> <align xlink:href="#ch3"/> <chunk> <align xlink:href="#ch4"/>
7 Corpus exploitation with XQuery and XSLT Corpus access via Internet Graphical query interface Empirical analysis of explicitation (and other translation properties) Definition of the translation unit? 4/27/2006 Language Archives: Standards, Creation and Access 13
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