The Open Source Approach in Spatial Planning: Applicability Challenges in Bulgaria

Transcription

1 10th Network Conference The Role and Future of Spatial Planning in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe September 2013, Dresden The Open Source Approach in Spatial Planning: Applicability Challenges in Bulgaria Elena Dimitrova, Angel Burov, Department of Urban Planning Nikolay Naydenov, Geo-information Centre for Infrastructure Civil Engineering

2 Outline Bulgarian spatial planning system The increasing complexity of spatial planning The importance of information and communication flows in multi-level governance of space Participation and GIS in the planning process The open-source approach a starting research project at UACEG Estimated challenges - process, tools, technology and society 2

3 Bulgarian Space: land cover 3

4 Bulgarian Space: administrative units 4

5 Bulgarian spatial planning system Source: adapted after NCRD,

6 Complexity in planning Source: Friend & Hickling,

7 Participation in the process to sustainable development Source: Adapted after Campbell, 1996; Valentin & Spangenberg, 2000; EPA Ireland, 2004; SESR, 2006; Dimitrova et al,

8 The Participation Ladder Source: Arnstein,

9 GIS-supported participation in planning Who are the public and what are they participating in? (Kingston & Smith, 2007) Why GIS? Participatory GIS (PGIS) & Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) 9

10 GIS-supported participation in planning Source: Bluelink,

11 GIS-supported participation in planning Source: Sofia Urban Mobility Centre,

12 The open-source movement The Free Software Movement / Open Source Community started in 1983 by Richard Stallmann, developing software, which does not restrict users in any way. Four paradigm freedoms: to run the program for any purpose; to study how the program works, and adapt it to one s needs; to redistribute copies; to improve the program, and release improvements. 12

13 The open-source approach GNU General Public License - to allow the four freedoms WIKIs - simple content management systems Open Source Initiative (OSI) - Licenses Open Geospatial Consortium (OGS) Standards Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGF) Software / Code 13

14 Open-source in EU spatial data infrastructure Policy in a (European) PPGIS environment Information/e-Society policies (e.g. from TENs to i2010) Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (1998, the Aarhus Convention) Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Public Access to Environmental Information Directive (2003/4/EC) Re-use of Public Sector Information Directive (2003/98/EC) Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) Directive (2007/2/EC) European Union Public License (EUPL) a part of the European Interoperability Framework (EIF v2, 2010) as the legal framework implemented by EC to facilitate the sharing of software components (in line with the Malmö EU ministerial declaration: The Open Source model could be promoted for use in egovernment projects, 2009). European Open Source Metadata Editor (EUOSME) 14

15 Application of open-source GIS in Bulgarian spatial planning A small academic research project - funded by the Center for Research and Design Consultancy at UACEG, Sofia, contract No. 147/2013 A multidisciplinary project team Project objectives A conceptual framework on the role of open source approach in the spatial planning system of Bulgaria Identification of behavioral patterns and barriers to the implementation at the local level Development of methodological guidelines for the implementation of open source GIS in the Bulgarian context and a model municipal web GIS portal. 15

16 The project starting point Consider using spatial information technologies that can be mastered by local people (or local technology intermediaries) after being provided sufficient training - The use of GIS is not a must: it is an option. As technology complexity increases, community access to the technology decreases (Fox, 2005) Participation can be thought of as a mixture of five components: Notions, Actors, Issues, Outcomes and Methods (Smith, 2006) Knowledge acquisition and sharing will increasingly be technology mediated the importance of acquiring factual knowledge will decrease, whereas the ability to find one s way in complex systems and to find, judge, organize and creatively use relevant information, as well as the capability to learn, will become crucially important (Daly, 2007) 16

17 The INSPIRE Directive: analysis of thematic relevance to spatial planning Land use (Annex III, theme 4): two types - existing and planned land use; data specification supports obligatory (Hierarchical INSPIRE Land Use Classification System (HILUCS))and optional (in use in a MS) systems of classification; HILUCS is a multi-level, classification system combining two logics economic (primary, secondary, tertiary) and land perspective (nature, built-up, networks) (Salge, 2012) Area management / restriction / regulation zones & reporting units (Annex III, theme 11) Natural risk zones (Annex III, theme 12) 17

18 The INSPIRE Directive: adoption and implementation Adoption Roadmap October 2013 Art. 9(b) Adoption of IRs for the interoperability of spatial data sets and services for Annex II and III spatial data themes Implementation Roadmap 03-Dec-2013 (Art. 6(b)) - metadata available for spatial data sets and services corresponding to Annex III; October 2015 (Art. 7 3, 9(b)) - newly collected and extensively restructured Annex II and III spatial data sets available

19 The INSPIRE Directive: adoption and implementation in Bulgaria (1) E-government Act Access to Spatial Data Act National spatial data portal (Executive Agency Electronic communication networks and information systems (EA ECNIS)) SmartSDI information system Source: АУРЕ & ReSAC,

20 The INSPIRE Directive: adoption and implementation in Bulgaria (2) Current legislation does not require creation of other coordinating structures at the district and municipal level; No regulations on interaction with third parties. Source: EA ECNIS,

21 Map of Cadaster availability Source: Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Agency,

22 Map of Master Plans availability Source: Stroitelstvo Gradat,

23 SDI on local level SDI in Public Procurement of Bulgarian Institutions SDI in Projects Funded by the EU SDI & Geo-information services, Comprehensive & Integrated planning Source: Pernik municipality,

24 SDI on local level Source: Gabrovo municipality,

25 SDI on local level Source: GIS Sofia,

26 SDI on local level Source: Bansko municipality,

27 SDI on local level Source: Sofproect,

28 SDI on local level Source: Мapex,

29 SDI on local level Source: Bulplan,

30 The open-source approach: applicability challenges in Bulgaria (1) It is a field of technical complexity and interoperability Lacking awareness of national and local institutions (especially small municipalities) about the full range of benefits Lack of specific interest and know-how limitations among municipalities A small number of specialized software companies involved in the process (lack of competition) with prevailing commercial interest consultation, system integration, software supply, maintenance and development. 30

31 The open-source approach: applicability challenges in Bulgaria (2) Need for strategic thinking and action: To create the market (including public procurement) for open-source related services and applications - consume/produce; To educate all the actors, to promote and provide expert knowledge - discovery, view, download, transformation, invoke, communication, contribution services To establishing networks and partnerships with the civil sector 31

32 Thank you for your attention! Questions are welcome at: