Understanding Digital Components

Transcription

1 Understanding Digital Components Understanding Your Computer Input Devices and Output Devices Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-2

2 Understanding Your Computer Objectives 1. What exactly is a computer and what are its four main functions? 2. What is the difference between data and information? 3. What are bits and bytes, and how are they measured? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-3

3 Input Devices and Output Devices Objectives 4. What devices can I use to get data into the computer? 5. What devices can I use to get information out of the computer? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-4

4 Understanding Your Computer Computers are Data-Processing Devices Perform four major functions Input: Gathers data, allows entering data Process: Manipulates, calculates, or organizes data Output: Displays data and information Storage: Saves data and information Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-5

5 Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers Bit Binary digit 0 or 1 Byte Unique combinations of 8 bits of 0s and 1s Large numbers of bytes Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-6

6 Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Mainframe Many users simultaneously Supercomputer Complex calculations Embedded Self-contained Example: electronic thermostat Smartphone Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-7

7 Input Devices Enter data and instructions Examples Keyboard Mouse Microphone Scanner Digital camera Stylus Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-8

8 Output Devices Send data out of the computer in the form of: Text Pictures Sounds Video Examples Monitors Printers Speakers and earphones Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-9

9 Output Devices Monitors Liquid crystal display (LCD) Light-emitting diode (LED) Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-10

10 Inkjet Affordable High-quality color Quick and quiet Output Devices Printers Laser Faster printing speed Higher-quality printouts More expensive Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-11

11 All-in-one printer Printer, scanner, copier, and fax Plotter Prints oversize images Thermal printer Output Devices Printers Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-12

12 Speaker Sound Output Output device for sound Surround-sound speakers Wireless speaker systems Headphones or earbuds Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-13

13 Processing, Storage, and Connectivity Processing, Memory, and Storage Ports and Power Controls Setting It All Up Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-14

14 Processing, Memory, and Storage Objectives 6. What s on the motherboard? 7. Where are information and programs stored? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-15

15 Objectives Ports and Power Controls 8. How are devices connected to the computer? 9. What s the best way to turn my computer on and off, and when should it be done? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-16

16 Objective Setting It All Up 10.How do I set up my computer to avoid strain and injury? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-17

17 Processing and Memory Motherboard CPU on the Motherboard ROM, RAM, and cache Slots for expansion cards Network interface card (NIC) Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-18

18 Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Memory RAM Random access memory Stores instructions and data Series of several memory cards or modules Temporary (volatile) storage ROM Read-only memory Stores startup instructions Permanent (nonvolatile) storage Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-19

19 Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing Central Processing Unit CPU or processor Brains of the computer Controls all functions of the computer s components Processes all commands and instructions Billions of tasks per second Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-20

20 Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing CPU Performance Measures Processor speed measured in hertz (Hz) Megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) Number of cores Single Dual Quad Eight Ten Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-21

21 Storing Data and Information Hard Drives Primary device for permanent storage External hard drive Solid-State Drive (SSD) Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-22

22 Storing Data and Information Other Portable Options Cloud Storage External hard drives Flash Storage Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-23

23 Storing Data and Information Optical Storage Compact discs (CDs) Digital video discs (DVDs) Store more data than CDs Blu-ray discs (BDs) Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-24

24 Connecting Peripherals to the Computer High-Speed and Data Transfer Ports Universal serial bus (USB) New USB 3.1 standard port Transfer speeds of 10 Gbps FireWire 800 Transfer speeds up to 800 Mbps Thunderbolt Transfer speeds up to 20 Gbps Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-25

25 Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Connectivity and Multimedia Ports Connectivity port Access to networks and the Internet Ethernet port Audio ports Connect headphones, microphones, speakers Video ports Connect monitors and multimedia devices HDMI Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-26

26 Ergonomics Guidelines Setting It All Up Monitor position Adjustable chair Proper position while typing Take breaks Adequate lighting Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-27

27 Check Your Understanding 1. What exactly is a computer, and what are its four main functions? 2. What is the difference between data and information? 3. What are bits and bytes, and how are they measured? 4. What devices can I use to get data into the computer? 5. What devices can I use to get information out of the computer? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-28

28 Check Your Understanding 6. What s on the motherboard? 7. Where are information and programs stored? 8. How are devices connected to the computer? 9. What s the best way to turn my computer on and off, and when should it be done? 10. How do I set up my computer to avoid strain and injury? Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-29