How To Build A Gas Plant

Transcription

1 1 NGL Fractionation & Storage Phoenix Energy Marketing Consultants Inc.

2 2 Fractionation & Storage 1. Storage

3 3 Fractionation & Storage Important part of the liquids transportation infrastructure NGLs must be stored under pressure to maintain their liquid state Lighter NGLs require higher pressures, thus more difficult and expensive to store Serves to balance seasonal (short-term) fluctuations between supply and demand as well as to compensate for capacity limitation on pipelines Facilities usually located at the inlet to large NGL delivery systems

4 Fractionation & Storage 4 There are both underground and above ground storage facilities (tanks) Caverns are created by using water to dissolve sections of naturally occurring salt formations Salt formations are usually close to hydrocarbon reservoirs making it convenient for storage facilities Ethane storage primarily in salt caverns, otherwise steel storage is very expensive Source: Oil & Gas Investor

5 5 Fractionation & Storage Propane and butanes are stored in high pressure steel spheres, cylinders, bullets, and other configurations Pentanes plus can be stored at low pressure in tanks similar to those used for gasoline or crude oil Source Oil & Gas Investor

6 6 Fractionation & Storage Major Storage Facilities Conway Adamana Bumstead Alto Belvieu

7 Fractionation & Storage 7 NGL Storage Propane Bullets Butane Sphere Residential Tank Condensate Tank

8 8 Fractionation & Storage Storage Costs ($/M3/Yr) Ft. Saskatchewan : $37-$42 for C3 and C : $42 + for C3 and C : Not available : Not available Market Negotiable for C5+ Regina $30+ C3 and C4 Sarnia N/A Note: Contract U.S. Storage Costs for C3/C4 is 15 cents/u.s. gallon ($6.50 U.S. Funds/bbl)

9 9 Fractionation & Storage 2. Fractionation

10 10 Fractionation & Storage Major Drivers in Building Frac Facilities Location of raw gas production Proximity to storage Local/regional need for one or more spec products: C2 in Alberta (Joffre/FSK) Seasonal Propane markets in populated areas ic4 for Alkylation, nc4 for gasoline blending Aggregate NGL mix via pipelines to obtain scale for fractionation facilities Straddle gas to extract NGLs at high gas volume points (Empress/Cochrane) C2 to Joffre and C3+ mix moved to fractionation locations (FSK or Sarnia) Aux Sable-Alliance rich gas system minimizes field extraction in production region, and centralizes extraction/fractionation in a demand location (Chicago).

11 11 Fractionation & Storage A. North American Fractionation

12 Fractionation & Storage 12 Source: PIRA, IHS, various company websites

13 Fractionation & Storage 13 USGC Fractionation Capacity LOCATION COMPANY NAME CAPACITY (KBD) MBV* ONEOK MBV 1 & 2 Fractionator MBV* Phillips 66 Gulf Coast Fractionators MBV* Energy Transfer Lone Star I & II Fractionators MBV* Enterprise MBV Fractionators IX - X MBV* Targa Cedar Bayou Fractionator *Mont Belvieu (Texas) Source: Envantage

14 Fractionation & Storage Western Canadian Straddle Plants 14 Company Plant Capacity (MMcfd) Throughput 2013 (MMcfd) NGL Production 2013 (kbpd) Spectra Empress 2,400 1, Plains Empress 6,275 1, Interpipeline Cochrane 2,500 1, Pembina Empress 1,200 1, ATCO Empress 1, AltaGas Edmonton AltaGas Joffre AltaGas Taylor * 23.4* Total 14,865 6, * 2012 Source: Gas Processing Management Inc.

15 Fractionation & Storage Larger Western Canadian Field Plants 15 Company Plant Throughput 2013 (mmcfd) NGL Production 2013 (kbpd) Keyera Rimbey AltaGas Harmattan Devon Wapiti Husky Rainbow Pembina Musreau Shell Caroline Pengrowth Judy Creek SEMCams Kaybob South Shell Waterton ConocoPhillips Elmworth Source: Gas Processing Management Inc.

16 Fractionation & Storage 16 Western Canadian Frac Plants Company Plant Capacity (kbpd) Throughput 2012 (kbpd) Throughput 2013 (kbpd) Plains Buck Creek Keyera Ft. Sask Gibsons Hardisty Plains Ft. Sask 100 * Dow Ft. Sask Pembina Redwater Plains High Prairie Spectra Empress Total * Original Capacity not all available Source: Gas Processing Management Inc.

17 17 Fractionation & Storage B. Alberta Hub Fractionators

18 Fractionation & Storage 18 Source: ERCB, Various company websites

19 Fractionation & Storage Plains Fort Saskatchewan (PFS) Commissioned in 1983 by Amoco Connected to Co-Ed to Ft. Saskatchewan Pipeline (FSPL) C3/C4 mix shipped via Enbridge to Sarnia for additional fractionation 19 Quick Fact: Salt caverns were originally washed in the early 1970 s to gather liquids and ship to Sarnia on the Interprovincial Pipeline for fractionation

20 Fractionation & Storage 20 Plains Fort Saskatchewan Plains is evaluating a ~21,000 bpd expansion of C3+ fractionation Expansion would increase working capacity to around 66,000 bpd

21 Fractionation & Storage 21 Pembina Fort Saskatchewan (Redwater) Initial facility installed in 1998 by TransCanada Midstream Handles both C2+ and C3+ feeds via Peace, Brazeau and Northern NGL Pipelines Recent debottleneck increased capacity to 70 mbbl/d

22 Fractionation & Storage Pembina Fort Saskatchewan (RFS II) 22 Pembina will be doubling the size of Redwater: Cost of $415 MM Incremental 73,000 bpd of C2+ fractionation Committed take or pay revenue streams for an additional 10 year term for 97% of the operating capacity Anticipated on-stream Q Source: Pembina

23 Fractionation & Storage Dow Fort Saskatchewan (DFS) De-ethanization & Fractionation Facility commissioned in May 1993 Facility owners include Shell, Dow and Keyera Receive C2+ feeds from major feeder pipelines Pembina Peace & Brazeau 23

24 Fractionation & Storage Keyera Fort Saskatchewan (KFS) 24 Installed in 1970 as a JV between Chevron, Gulf, Amoco and Esso 30,000 bpd C3+ capacity Feeds from Peace Pipeline, Truck, FSPL, Rimbey Pipeline or Dow Includes 12 storage caverns with 11.3 million barrels total capacity Source: Keyera

25 25 Fractionation & Storage Keyera Fort Saskatchewan (KFS) KFS has added a 30,0000 bpd de-ethanizer Project will enable fractionation of an ethane-rich stream of NGL (C2+ mix) The project will be underpinned by a large deep basin producer Gross costs of ~$110 million, including pipeline connections and conversion of cavern to C2+ raw feed storage Source: Keyera

26 26 Fractionation & Storage C. Fractionators Outside of Alberta

27 Fractionation & Storage 27

28 28 Fractionation & Storage D. Fractionation Costs

29 Fractionation & Storage Fractionation Fees Edmonton Hub Product Return: ( ) is $15 to $20/M3 ( ) is $25 to $30/M3 Generally not available since , but if it was a producer would not want to exercise in today s market Product Purchase: ( ) is $15 to $20/M3 ( ) is $20 to $25/M3 Generally not available in , but anecdotally $28-38/M3 2. Alberta Field Plants : $7 to $12/M : $20 to $25/M : $30+ /M3 Generally not available in , but anecdotally $25-30/M3 3. Sarnia - N/A

30 30 Fractionation & Storage Tank Car/Tank Truck Loading/Unloading Fees: Fort Saskatchewan Hub Alberta Field Hub Sarnia $10-12/M3 $5-8/M3 $N/A

31 31 Fractionation & Storage E. Fractionation Outlook

32 32 Fractionation & Storage Fractionation and Product Egress Incremental liquid production will need to access North American markets C4 and C5 can be consumed in Alberta by oil sands, petrochemicals and refineries Cochin Pipeline Reversal has stranded propane without additional egress or market Incremental propane will need to access West Coast waterborne export markets

33 33 Fractionation & Storage Fractionation Outlook in U.S. Midwest Fractionation facilities have been expanded by about 500 kbd, driven by completion of pipelines to the U.S. Gulf Coast Ethane demand to support petchem growth at existing or new sites Overall propane demand projected to be flat/declining in Midwest. Backing out supply delivered into PADD 1 will continue Refinery demands for ic4/nc4 projected to be flat or perhaps decline with lower overall demand and requirement to blend ethanol C5+ demand for diluent in Alberta is growing Midwest demand for spec NGLs is becoming saturated Focus is now turning on delivering y-grade to USGC facilities versus further expanding facilities currently under construction Industry is accessing international markets for C3/C4s Expansion of ethane petchem industry will grow modestly in the Midwest with most growth concentration in the USGC

34 34 Fractionation & Storage Fractionation Final Thoughts Liquids rich drilling is straining existing fractionation capacity Multiple companies are looking at expansions to handle incremental volumes Expansion must be integrated with feeder pipelines and efficient access to markets