CRT and LCD monitors properties and problems. Maarten Demeyer October
|
|
- Imogen Fitzgerald
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CRT and LCD monitors properties and problems Maarten Demeyer October
2 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
3 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Electron gun and phosphor Color Properties and problems Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
4 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Electron gun fires electrons at phosphor Beam is controlled through electromagnetic deflection Phosphor emits light when hit by electrons
5 Electron gun and phosphor Phosphor luminance decays over time after the electron beam is gone The shape and the parameters of the decay function depend on the type of phosphor used. E.g.: Color CRTs use P22 phosphor A rapid initial luminance decay is followed by a long tail of weak light emission
6 Electron gun and phosphor Elze, T. (2010). PLoS One 5(9): e12792.
7 Electron gun and phosphor The electron beam scans the screen systematically, sequentially lighting up each location Elze, T. (2010). PLoS One 5(9): e12792.
8 Electron gun and phosphor The time between vertical blanks is the refresh rate at which frames are drawn Typically: Hz refresh The horizontal scan rate is the drawing speed of a single line E.g.: 85Hz refresh, 1024x768 resolution: 85 x 768 = 65 khz (+vertical blank) A slower refresh rate generally results in a brighter display
9 Electron gun and phosphor Thus, a snapshot of a CRT in action looks like this:
10 Electron gun and phosphor The human visual system integrates this flickering display into a stable image
11 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Electron gun and phosphor Color Properties and problems Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
12 Color Color is created by using not one, but three types of phosphor (red, green, and blue) I.e.: RGB colors A separate electron gun fires upon each type of phosphor, with different intensity To keep the three beams apart an extra physical layer is present inside the display Either shadow mask or aperture grill
13 Color A shadow mask is a punched metal plate, separating the projection of the three electron beams onto three dots containing a different phosphor (a triad )
14 Color The dot pitch is the distance between phosphor dots of the same color E.g.: 0.24 mm (40x30cm = 1600x1200 triads)
15 Color
16 Color An aperture grill is a series of thin wires separating columns of different colors Damping wires prevent them from resonating
17 Color
18 Color Shadow mask Dimmer and less vivid, but sharper Expands and contracts with temperature Vertical and horizontal resolution limit Aperture grill Brighter and more vivid, but fuzzier Damping wires are visible Only horizontal resolution limit
19 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Electron gun and phosphor Color Properties and problems Resolution Luminance values Phosphor persistence Exposure duration Geometry Other Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
20 Resolution Temporal properties Refresh rate setting, limited by Scan speed of the electron guns Spatial resolution Phosphor persistence (see below)
21 Resolution Spatial properties Electron beam width and focus Dot pitch (in color displays) Still, a CRT has no native resolution The beam can change state mid-dot Therefore, a CRT scales well to different resolutions I.e.: 640x480 to 1600x1200 This allows more flexible refresh rates
22 Resolution
23 Resolution A low-resolution artefact: aliasing = undersampling the stimulus = lower device resolution than stimulus resolution Spatial Can be smoothed on PC
24 Resolution Moiré aliasing: undersampling fine patterns
25 Resolution Undersampling motion
26 Luminance values A linear luminance scale on the PC (0-255) results in a linear voltage signal to the CRT but NOT in a linear luminance increase on the screen Therefore the monitor needs calibration
27 Luminance values Measure different luminance levels, each color separate Determine the gamma correction function Convert to correct linear values using a Look-Up Table (LUT) or function Caution: CRTs need to warm up in order to stabilize their luminance output
28 Luminance values Luminance resolution or bit depth Bit depth is not inherent to the (analog) CRT, but to the digital device driving it A (= 28 = 8 bit) range of luminances can display a smooth luminance gradient For RGB values: 3x8 bit = 24 bit But, at low contrast such a gradient may be undersampled and lose the smoothness Solution: Use a graphical processing device with a higher bit depth (e.g., Visage)
29 Phosphor persistence Due to the gradual phosphor decay, a square wave stimulus will always be followed by a fading afterimage in practice:
30 Phosphor persistence Some phosphor persistence is unavoidable Whether this poses a problem, depends on - The duration of the decay I.e., the phosphor type - The stimuli used I.e., the exact luminance sequence - The research question I.e., the importance of having an exact ED
31 Phosphor persistence Phosphor decay can be measured with a (linear) photosensitive cell (never trust official specifications!)
32 Phosphor persistence However, peak luminance of a CRT is not what is relevant to human visual perception It takes 30 ms to cross the 1% threshold!
33 Phosphor persistence Any hard luminance threshold is arbitrary A shutter test is better: - Block the actual stimulus with a physical shutter - Open it exactly at stimulus offset - Measure whether the subject can use the afterimage But, the brain might still work in complex ways: Perhaps the preceding stimulus makes the afterimage less visible? Perhaps it increases sensitivity to the afterimage? Still, a shutter test convinces most reviewers
34 Phosphor persistence How to minimize the problem? - Use dimmed room lighting Scotopic vision is more sensitive to weak light - Use brighter backgrounds Phosphor persistence is additive, but: Weber s Law - Use a filter for low luminances For instance, a car window foil - Use a faster phosphor This will necessitate a monochrome display (NOTE: colors do not decay equally!) - Use a LED display Only feasible for simple stimuli
35 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Electron gun and phosphor Color Properties and problems Resolution Luminance values Phosphor persistence Exposure duration Geometry Other Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
36 Exposure duration Refresh rate limits exposure duration Reported EDs should be a multiple of the frame time E.g.: 60ms is not possible (16.67ms frames) But actually, there is no single correct exposure duration due to the nature of CRTs E.g.: 1 versus 1 Keep in mind that the exact drawing time of a stimulus is determined by its vertical position E.g.: top versus = 17ms difference!
37 Geometry The electron beam projects the image to the front of the vacuum tube. Since pixels are not fixed, the geometry of the image may need manual adjustments E.g.: Compare to an LCD projector The front of the tube may not be flat Especially in shadow mask color displays Beam dispersion occurs towards the edges Often this results in a slightly higher dot pitch
38 Other Degaussing is the removing a magnetic field from the shadow mask / aperture grill Color convergence of the electron beams requires manual adjustment Raster lines of an aperture grill may affect the factual thickness of thin vertical lines E.g.: Vernier stimuli Also: Horizontal versus vertical gratings Phosphor dims gradually with age Prolonged exposure of a pattern can cause burn-in
39 Other Monochrome monitors can achieve better quality visual stimulation because: 1) The choice of phosphor is free But: seldomly truly white 2) Shadow mask / aperture grille is absent Spatial resolution only limited by beam width No unnecessary artefacts
40 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Polarizers and liquid crystals Color, TFT, and backlighting Properties and problems Comparing CRT and LCD The future of display technology
41 Polarizers and liquid crystals Polarizers block light
42 Polarizers and liquid crystals Liquid Crystals transmit light and twist according to the local electrical field LCs rotate the light beam when a voltage is applied!
43 Polarizers and liquid crystals Liquid crystals do not produce light They only determine whether light can pass through the polarizers
44 Polarizers and liquid crystals To produce light, an LCD must be backlit by another light source
45 Polarizers and liquid crystals LCD monitors manipulate a separate electrical field for each pixel, affecting only the local LCs Different luminance levels are often achieved by switching the voltage to the liquid crystals on/off very rapidly (pulse modulation)
46 Color, TFT, and backlighting To be more exact, a pixel consists of three subpixels, each with their own electrical field twisting the crystals. A red-green-blue mosaic filter enables the mixing of these three subpixels into millions of different pixel colors
47 Color, TFT, and backlighting Why are LCD computer monitors a recent phenomenon? In practice it proved to be hard to control so many pixels fast and accurate (without blocking the backlight) E.g.: 1600x1200x3 = 5.76 million Thin Film Transistor (TFT) solved this: a transparent layer with a separate controller directly at each subpixel This is a delicate technology: broken transistor = dead pixel
48 Color, TFT, and backlighting Up until recently, most LCD backlights were fluorescent tubes (CCFL)
49 Color, TFT, and backlighting More recently, LED backlights have taken over - Brighter, thinner, more efficient - Local dimming for uniformity control Full lit Edge/side lit
50 Color, TFT, and backlighting For a greater range of colors, the backlight array can consist of RGB LED triads
51 Liquid Crystal Display
52 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Polarizers and liquid crystals Color, TFT, and backlighting Properties and problems Resolution Response time Exposure duration Uniformity and contrast Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
53 Resolution Spatial properties A LCD has physically fixed pixels Pro: The geometry of the screen is fixed as well No manual adjustments required Contra: There is a native resolution for presenting stimuli Changing resolution requires interpolation, drastically affecting the quality of the displayed images Example: 17 = 1280x1024 Less control over physical stimulus size Less control over frame size (drawing speed)
54 Resolution Temporal properties A LCD has no scanning beam: all pixels change state simultaneously rather than sequentially It does have a refresh rate for presenting frames Typically: 60Hz Unlike a CRT, every pixel remains active for the entire duration of a frame The backlight however does Unlike a CRT, a LCD monitor suffers from input lag Typically: ms
55 Response time Liquid crystals take time to reorient themselves for every transition in luminance Response time = time to cover 10% to 90% of the luminance change from black to white Typical in recent TFT monitors: 2-8 ms
56 Response time Problem #1: 0-10% and % are also relevant Problem #2: Response time is much higher for gray levels Complex transitions! Elze, T. (2010). PLoS One 5(9): e12792.
57 Response time Problem #3: Overdrive technique boosts response times - Greater input lag - Possibility of overshoots
58 Exposure duration The exposure duration must still be a multiple of the frame duration However onset and offset dynamics are slow, making the real exposure duration arbitrary The exact ED of a figure (or part of a figure!) depends on the exact luminance levels On the positive side, refreshes do happen in parallel Input lag is a concern for synchronizing with events - Measuring the input lag allows for post-hoc synchronization E.g.: button presses, EEG, - But real-time synchronization is harder to achieve
59 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Polarizers and liquid crystals Color, TFT, and backlighting Properties and problems Resolution Response time Exposure duration Uniformity and contrast Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
60 Uniformity and contrast Inside a LCD monitor, the backlight is always on. Therefore true black is hard to achieve, and contrast and colors are less pronounced than on a CRT. Moreover, the backlighting may not be uniform across the screen Local backlight dimming has been applied to improve uniformity and contrast in recent years However this removes control over absolute luminance! Looking angle can be of influence
61 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
62 Comparing CRT and LCD LCD CRT Cheap Becoming expensive Easy to find Becoming rare Easy to handle Heavy and bulky Fixed geometry Projected geometry Fixed color positions Color misconvergence Simultaneous Sequential
63 Comparing CRT and LCD LCD CRT Slow, complex transitions Input lag Faster, simple transitions Native resolution No input lag Overshoot artefacts No black, bad contrast Scalable resolution Complex corrections No overshoots Dead pixels Black, good contrast Simple analog device No dead pixels
64 Comparing CRT and LCD So, when should I use a CRT? Real-time synchronization with events Short EDs, fast transitions Precise luminance control Low-light presentations Within the class of CRT monitors, (specialized) monochrome monitors allow for even greater accuracy
65 LCD projectors LCD projectors work like LCD monitors, but with a strong concentrated backlight and a separate LCD for red, green and blue
66 Overview Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Comparing CRT and LCD The future of computer displays
67 The future of computer displays Plasma screens - Each pixel consists of 3 small fluorescent lamps - Thus, phosphor-based - No backlight, better contrast - Low response time - Only large sizes Digital Light Processing (DLP) - Backlight - Array of micro-mirrors switches pixels on/off - Mostly popular for movie projectors
68 The future of computer displays Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display (SED) - Thin CRT with electron gun for each sub-pixel - No backlight, great contrast - Fast response times - Development seems to have stopped Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED) - TFT controls a layer of light-emitting material - No backlight, great contrast - Fast response times - Thin and flexible - Projected to overtake LCD in 5-10 years
69 The future of computer displays AMOLED
70 Thank you
Graphical displays are generally of two types: vector displays and raster displays. Vector displays
Display technology Graphical displays are generally of two types: vector displays and raster displays. Vector displays Vector displays generally display lines, specified by their endpoints. Vector display
More informationDisplays. Cathode Ray Tube. Semiconductor Elements. Basic applications. Oscilloscope TV Old monitors. 2009, Associate Professor PhD. T.
Displays Semiconductor Elements 1 Cathode Ray Tube Basic applications Oscilloscope TV Old monitors 2 1 Idea of Electrostatic Deflection 3 Inside an Electrostatic Deflection Cathode Ray Tube Gun creates
More informationComp 410/510. Computer Graphics Spring 2016. Introduction to Graphics Systems
Comp 410/510 Computer Graphics Spring 2016 Introduction to Graphics Systems Computer Graphics Computer graphics deals with all aspects of creating images with a computer Hardware (PC with graphics card)
More informationCOMP175: Computer Graphics. Lecture 1 Introduction and Display Technologies
COMP175: Computer Graphics Lecture 1 Introduction and Display Technologies Course mechanics Number: COMP 175-01, Fall 2009 Meetings: TR 1:30-2:45pm Instructor: Sara Su (sarasu@cs.tufts.edu) TA: Matt Menke
More informationLecture Notes, CEng 477
Computer Graphics Hardware and Software Lecture Notes, CEng 477 What is Computer Graphics? Different things in different contexts: pictures, scenes that are generated by a computer. tools used to make
More information1. General Description
. General Description The is a Color Active Matrix with an integral Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp(CCFL) back light system. The matrix employs asi Thin Film Transistor as the active element. It is a transmissive
More informationOverview. Raster Graphics and Color. Overview. Display Hardware. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Raster Graphics and Color Greg Humphreys CS445: Intro Graphics University of Virginia, Fall 2004 Color models Color models Display Hardware Video display devices Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display
More informationCSCA0201 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING. Chapter 4 Output Devices
CSCA0201 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING Chapter 4 Output Devices 1 Topics: Output Devices Examples of Output Device Printer Monitor Speakers Projector 2 Output Devices Any peripheral that receives or displays
More informationTV Display Innovation History from CRT to OLED Technology
TV Display Innovation History from CRT to OLED Technology TV has become an important part of our everyday life. How was early TV display technology different from current technologies? How will our TV
More informationUSING PROFESSIONAL PLASMA DISPLAYS AS EVALUATION GRADE VIDEO MONITORS. Peter H. Putman, CTS ROAM Consulting L.L.C. Doylestown, PA
USING PROFESSIONAL PLASMA DISPLAYS AS EVALUATION GRADE VIDEO MONITORS Peter H. Putman, CTS ROAM Consulting L.L.C. Doylestown, PA Nearly a decade into the 21 st century, we re seeing a paradigm shift in
More informationFlat Panel Displays How does a Flat Panel Display work? Flat Panel Displays
Flat Panel Displays When talking about computer monitors, the word on the street is that thin is in. For example, at this year s Comdex Fall '98, the computer industry's largest North American tradeshow,
More informationImportant Question with Answer
Important Question with Answer Q1. What do you mean by computer graphics? Ans. The branch of science and technology concerned with methods and techniques for converting data to or from visual presentation
More informationIntroduction To Computers: Hardware and Software
What Is Hardware? Introduction To Computers: Hardware and Software A computer is made up of hardware. Hardware is the physical components of a computer system e.g., a monitor, keyboard, mouse and the computer
More informationOptical Design Tools for Backlight Displays
Optical Design Tools for Backlight Displays Introduction Backlights are used for compact, portable, electronic devices with flat panel Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) that require illumination from behind.
More informationDevelopment of High-Performance ASV-LCDs Using Continuous Pinwheel Alignment (CPA) Mode
Development of High-Performance ASV-LCDs Using Continuous Pinwheel Alignment (CPA) Mode Masumi Kubo * Toshihiko Miyashita *2 Nobuyoshi Nagashima *3 Eiichiroh Nishimura *4 * A30 Project Team, TFT Liquid
More informationwww.eazynotes.com Gursharan Singh Tatla Page No. 1 COMPUTER GRAPHICS (Short Answer type Questions)
www.eazynotes.com Gursharan Singh Tatla Page No. 1 COMPUTER GRAPHICS (Short Answer type Questions) Q 1. Can you give some basic features of computer graphics? Ans. The salient feature of computer graphics
More informationComputer Peripherals
Computer Peripherals Reading: Chapter 10 (except 10.6) Peripherals Devices that are separate from the basic computer Not the CPU, memory, or power supply Classified as input, output, and storage Connect
More informationPlasma Display Panel (PDP) vs. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Technology: An Overview of Consumer Benefits for Home Theater Applications
Plasma Display Panel (PDP) vs. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Technology: An Overview of Consumer Benefits for Home Theater Applications prepared by Fujitsu General America, Inc. September 2003 Plasma Display
More informationA Short Introduction to Computer Graphics
A Short Introduction to Computer Graphics Frédo Durand MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 1 Introduction Chapter I: Basics Although computer graphics is a vast field that encompasses almost any graphical
More informationOLED - Technologie der Zukunft
OLED - Technologie der Zukunft Dr. Manfred Weigand MERCK KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Cleanzone 2014 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Source: Peter Littmann Source: Patrick Schindler Source: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-H0812-0031-001
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF PLASMA, LCD AND CRT SCREENS: OPERATING FEATURES, MERIT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF PLASMA, LCD AND CRT SCREENS: OPERATING FEATURES, MERIT AND RECOMMENDATIONS Felix, K. Opara Federal University of Technology, Owerri NIGERIA. kefelop@yahoo.com
More informationCOMPUTER HARDWARE. Input- Output and Communication Memory Systems
COMPUTER HARDWARE Input- Output and Communication Memory Systems Computer I/O I/O devices commonly found in Computer systems Keyboards Displays Printers Magnetic Drives Compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM)
More informationProf. Dr. M. H. Assal
Prof. Dr. M. H. Assal AS 26/10/2014 Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system Computer hardware can be classified as following: o Input devices o Output devices
More informationIII. MEMS Projection Helvetica 20 Displays
Helvetica 26 Helvetica 22 III. MEMS Projection Displays Micro Mirror Projection - Texas Instruments DMD - Daewoo Elec. AMA Grating Light Valve - Silicon Light Machines Image Projection Color Synthesis
More informationMobile Display Technologies
White Paper Mobile Display Technologies The Primary Interface Between Man and Machine Now in Your Pocket Samson Huang Staff Manager Consumer and Computing Business Unit, Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. September
More informationPHYS 222 Spring 2012 Final Exam. Closed books, notes, etc. No electronic device except a calculator.
PHYS 222 Spring 2012 Final Exam Closed books, notes, etc. No electronic device except a calculator. NAME: (all questions with equal weight) 1. If the distance between two point charges is tripled, the
More informationIntroduction to graphics and LCD technologies. NXP Product Line Microcontrollers Business Line Standard ICs
Introduction to graphics and LCD technologies NXP Product Line Microcontrollers Business Line Standard ICs Agenda Passive and active LCD technologies How LCDs work, STN and TFT differences How data is
More informationScanners and How to Use Them
Written by Jonathan Sachs Copyright 1996-1999 Digital Light & Color Introduction A scanner is a device that converts images to a digital file you can use with your computer. There are many different types
More informationComputer Peripherals
Computer Peripherals School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore These notes are part of a 3rd year undergraduate course called "Computer Peripherals", taught at Nanyang Technological
More informationAgilent Television Power Consumption Testing. Application Note
Agilent Television Power Consumption Testing Application Note Introduction Today, there are many types of televisions (TVs) on the market: the cathode ray tube (CRT) TV, liquid crystal display (LCD) TV,
More informationTalon and Talon SR User Manual
Talon and Talon SR User Manual Brushed DC motor controller Version 1.3 Cross the Road Electronics, LLC www.crosstheroadelectronics.com Cross The Road Electronics, LLC Page 1 4/2/2013 Device Overview Clear,
More informationColor holographic 3D display unit with aperture field division
Color holographic 3D display unit with aperture field division Weronika Zaperty, Tomasz Kozacki, Malgorzata Kujawinska, Grzegorz Finke Photonics Engineering Division, Faculty of Mechatronics Warsaw University
More informationA comparison between a CRT and a LCD monitors colors rendering
A comparison between a CRT and a LCD monitors colors rendering TOADERE FLORIN, NIKOS E. MASTORAKIS INCDTIM Cluj Napoca Str. Donath, nr. 65-103, Cluj Napoca, 400293, ROMANIA Florin.Toadere@bel.utcluj.ro
More informationThea Omni Light. Thea Spot Light. Light setup & Optimization
Light setup In this tutorial we will learn how to setup lights inside Thea Studio and how to create mesh lights and optimize them for faster rendering with less noise. Let us have a look at the different
More informationEpson 3LCD Technology A Technical Analysis and Comparison against 1-Chip DLP Technology
An Epson White Paper Epson 3LCD Technology A Technical Analysis and Comparison against 1-Chip DLP Technology Epson South Asia & Southeast Asia June 2010 About 3LCD Technology 3LCD Technology is the world
More informationHello and welcome to this training module for the STM32L4 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) controller. This controller can be used in a wide range of
Hello and welcome to this training module for the STM32L4 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) controller. This controller can be used in a wide range of applications such as home appliances, medical, automotive,
More informationChapter I Model801, Model802 Functions and Features
Chapter I Model801, Model802 Functions and Features 1. Completely Compatible with the Seventh Generation Control System The eighth generation is developed based on the seventh. Compared with the seventh,
More informationOLED into Mobile Main Display
OLED into Mobile Main Display Author: Jack Tsang Title: Senior Product Marketing Engineer Company: Solomon Systech Limited Introduction A decade after the Electro-luminescent (EL) effect was first discovered,
More informationDisplay Devices. Lecture 8. Display Devices. Display Devices. CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
Lecture 8 Display Devices Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Gas Plasma DLP Display Devices Display technology - CRT or LCD technologies. Cable technology -
More informationCorrecting the Lateral Response Artifact in Radiochromic Film Images from Flatbed Scanners
Correcting the Lateral Response Artifact in Radiochromic Film Images from Flatbed Scanners Background The lateral response artifact (LRA) in radiochromic film images from flatbed scanners was first pointed
More informationRobot Perception Continued
Robot Perception Continued 1 Visual Perception Visual Odometry Reconstruction Recognition CS 685 11 Range Sensing strategies Active range sensors Ultrasound Laser range sensor Slides adopted from Siegwart
More informationB2.53-R3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS. NOTE: 1. There are TWO PARTS in this Module/Paper. PART ONE contains FOUR questions and PART TWO contains FIVE questions.
B2.53-R3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS NOTE: 1. There are TWO PARTS in this Module/Paper. PART ONE contains FOUR questions and PART TWO contains FIVE questions. 2. PART ONE is to be answered in the TEAR-OFF ANSWER
More informationNote monitors controlled by analog signals CRT monitors are controlled by analog voltage. i. e. the level of analog signal delivered through the
DVI Interface The outline: The reasons for digital interface of a monitor the transfer from VGA to DVI. DVI v. analog interface. The principles of LCD control through DVI interface. The link between DVI
More informationSpyder 5EXPRESS Hobbyist photographers seeking a simple monitor color calibration solution.
Spyder5 User s Guide Spyder 5EXPRESS Hobbyist photographers seeking a simple monitor color calibration solution. Next Generation Spyder5 colorimeter with dual purpose lens cap and counterweight, improved
More informationCalibration Best Practices
Calibration Best Practices for Manufacturers SpectraCal, Inc. 17544 Midvale Avenue N., Suite 100 Shoreline, WA 98133 (206) 420-7514 info@spectracal.com http://studio.spectracal.com Calibration Best Practices
More informationIntroduction to Computers, Anatomy of Computers, Input and Output Devices
LECTURE SCHEDULE 1 Introduction to Computers, Anatomy of Computers, Input and Output Devices In human affairs we have reached a point where the problems that we must solve are no longer solvable without
More informationTH2. Input devices, processing and output devices
TH2. Input devices, processing and output devices http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/ Input devices allow us to enter raw data into a computer. The computer processes the data and then produces
More informationColour Video Monitors PVM-9045QM/9042QM/9040ME PVM-6041QM
Colour Video Monitors PVM-9045QM/9042QM/9040ME Specifications GENERAL 9045QM 9042QM Colour system PAL/SECAM/NTSC/NTSC4.43 The CRT type 22 cm (9-inch) HR Trinitron Tube, pursuit 22 cm of (9-inch) excellence
More informationMicrocontroller Display Interfacing Techniques
Display Interfacing Techniques Document Revision: 1.01 Date: September 13, 2006 16301 Blue Ridge Road, Missouri City, Texas 77489 Telephone: 1-713-283-9970 Fax: 1-281-416-2806 E-mail: info@bipom.com Web:
More informationThe accurate calibration of all detectors is crucial for the subsequent data
Chapter 4 Calibration The accurate calibration of all detectors is crucial for the subsequent data analysis. The stability of the gain and offset for energy and time calibration of all detectors involved
More information22 (21.5 viewable), 16:9 FHD LED multimedia monitor with SuperClear VA technology. VA2265Sm-3
22 (21.5 viewable), 16:9 FHD LED multimedia monitor with SuperClear VA technology VA2265Sm-3 The ViewSonic VA2265Sm-3 is a 22 (21.5 viewable) widescreen monitor with an LED backlight and glossy, thin-bezel
More informationVG2435Sm. 24 16:10 Ergonomic Multimedia Display. Overview. See More, Work More with a 16:10 Aspect Ratio Display
VG2435Sm 24 16:10 Ergonomic Multimedia Display 24 16:10 Ergonomic Multimedia Display Overview ViewSonic s VG2435Sm high-performance multimedia display features 1920 x 1200 resolution with 16:10 aspect
More informationNeo-Neon. LED Vision Mesh Screen Operation Manual. LED Vision Mesh Screen. Neo-Neon International Ltd He Shan Decorative Lighting Company Limited
Neo-Neon LED Vision Mesh Screen Operation Manual He Shan Decorative Lighting Company Limited LED Display Engineering Department 1 Contents Chapter1 Specification and Function Parameters 3 Chapeter2 Structure
More information22 (21.5 viewable), 16:9 FHD LED monitor with SuperClear VA technology and HDMI input. VA2265Sh
22 (21.5 viewable), 16:9 FHD LED monitor with SuperClear VA technology and HDMI input VA2265Sh The ViewSonic VA2265Sh is a 22 (21.5 viewable) widescreen monitor with an LED backlight and glossy, thinbezel
More informationPanasonic Primary Colors Matching Support Software. Version 5.01
Panasonic Primary Colors Matching Support Software Version 5.01 First Edition Issued on: October 31, 2007 Prepared by:matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Panasonic AVC Networks Company Projector Business
More informationCathode Ray Tube. Introduction. Functional principle
Introduction The Cathode Ray Tube or Braun s Tube was invented by the German physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 897 and is today used in computer monitors, TV sets and oscilloscope tubes. The path of the
More informationSynthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors
Synthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors MediaRobotics Lab, February 2010 Proximity detection is dependent on the object of interest. One size does not fit all For non-contact distance measurement,
More informationEPSON SCANNING TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Epson Perfection 3170 Scanner
EPSON SCANNING TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Epson Perfection 3170 Scanner SELECT A SUITABLE RESOLUTION The best scanning resolution depends on the purpose of the scan. When you specify a high resolution,
More informationProcessing the Image or Can you Believe what you see? Light and Color for Nonscientists PHYS 1230
Processing the Image or Can you Believe what you see? Light and Color for Nonscientists PHYS 1230 Optical Illusions http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_mib/index.html Vision We construct images unconsciously
More informationAn Introduction to High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Its Support within the H.265/HEVC Standard Extensions
White Paper An Introduction to High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Its Support within the H.265/HEVC Standard Extensions By Raul Diaz, Vanguard Video CEO December 17, 2014 Vanguard Video, LLC. 974 Commercial
More informationMeasurement of Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) Films Using a LAMBDA 1050 UV/Vis/NIR Spectrometer and URA Accessory
FIELD APPLICATION REPORT UV/Vis/NIR Spectroscopy Author: Frank Padera Shelton, CT Contributor: Chris Lynch Shelton, CT Measurement of Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) Films Using a LAMBDA 1050 UV/Vis/NIR
More informationReducing eyestrain from video and computer monitors
Reducing eyestrain from video and computer monitors Charles A. Poynton www.poynton.com poynton@poynton.com tel +1 416 413 1377 fax +1 416 413 1378 Many of us work for hours each day in front of displays.
More information3D Scanner using Line Laser. 1. Introduction. 2. Theory
. Introduction 3D Scanner using Line Laser Di Lu Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute The goal of 3D reconstruction is to recover the 3D properties of a geometric
More informationDoppler. Doppler. Doppler shift. Doppler Frequency. Doppler shift. Doppler shift. Chapter 19
Doppler Doppler Chapter 19 A moving train with a trumpet player holding the same tone for a very long time travels from your left to your right. The tone changes relative the motion of you (receiver) and
More informationTechnical Paper DISPLAY PROFILING SOLUTIONS
Technical Paper DISPLAY PROFILING SOLUTIONS A REPORT ON 3D LUT CREATION By Joel Barsotti and Tom Schulte A number of display profiling solutions have been developed to correct image rendering errors in
More informationLaser diffuse reflection light scanner with background suppression. Dimensioned drawing
Specifications and description HRTL 3B Laser diffuse reflection light scanner with background suppression Dimensioned drawing We reserve the right to make changes DS_HRTL3B_en.fm en 01-2010/12 50114049
More informationImproving Notebook and Tablet Displays. Fujitsu Computer Systems
Improving Notebook and Tablet Displays Fujitsu Computer Systems Table of Contents Introduction... 1 Crystal View... 1 A Little Background (the technical part)... 1 The Difference between a Standard and
More informationWhite Paper. "See" what is important
Bear this in mind when selecting a book scanner "See" what is important Books, magazines and historical documents come in hugely different colors, shapes and sizes; for libraries, archives and museums,
More informationWhite Paper Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) LCD Display Control Electronics Design and Operation Revision 1.0
White Paper Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) LCD Display Control Electronics Design and Operation Revision 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 TFT OVERVIEW...3 2 TFT CONTROLLER LOGIC...5 2.1 DRIVERS-ONLY TFT LCD DISPLAYS...5
More informationTwelve. Figure 12.1: 3D Curved MPR Viewer Window
Twelve The 3D Curved MPR Viewer This Chapter describes how to visualize and reformat a 3D dataset in a Curved MPR plane: Curved Planar Reformation (CPR). The 3D Curved MPR Viewer is a window opened from
More informationTubular Analog model resolution: 0,5 mm (SLOW mode), 1 mm (FAST mode) Right angle Repeatibility: 0,7 mm Vdc
Ultrasonic sensors for high precision detection of clear and transparent objects Clear object detection, inspection on transparent or highly reflective film and liquid level measurement Standard M18 tubular
More informationContents & P-LCD Modules Cross Reference Table
Contents & P-LCD Modules Cross Reference Table Contents Contents & P-LCD Modules Cross Reference Table Introduction & Standard P-LCD Modules Modes Custom P-LCD Modules Standard Design P-LCD Modules (Character
More informationCONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY TUTORIAL
CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY TUTORIAL Robert Bagnell 2006 This tutorial covers the following CLSM topics: 1) What is the optical principal behind CLSM? 2) What is the spatial resolution in X, Y,
More informationComputer screen or monitor
Computer screen or monitor Introduction to computer monitors A monitor (or screen) is a computer display unit. There are generally said to be two families of monitors: Cathode-ray tube monitors (or CRT
More informationInternational Year of Light 2015 Tech-Talks BREGENZ: Mehmet Arik Well-Being in Office Applications Light Measurement & Quality Parameters
www.led-professional.com ISSN 1993-890X Trends & Technologies for Future Lighting Solutions ReviewJan/Feb 2015 Issue LpR 47 International Year of Light 2015 Tech-Talks BREGENZ: Mehmet Arik Well-Being in
More informationDesigning Custom DVD Menus: Part I By Craig Elliott Hanna Manager, The Authoring House at Disc Makers
Designing Custom DVD Menus: Part I By Craig Elliott Hanna Manager, The Authoring House at Disc Makers DVD authoring software makes it easy to create and design template-based DVD menus. But many of those
More informationInterfacing To Alphanumeric Displays
Interfacing To Alphanumeric Displays To give directions or data values to users, many microprocessor-controlled instruments and machines need to display letters of the alphabet and numbers. In systems
More informationComputer Monitors and Digital Televisions
PO BOX 13305 PORTLAND, OR 97213 FAX: (503) 229-8064 (800) 837-8428 INFO@VESTIBULAR.ORG WWW.VESTIBULAR.ORG Computer Monitors and Digital Televisions Visual Sensitivity from Vestibular Disorders Affects
More informationGraphic Design. Background: The part of an artwork that appears to be farthest from the viewer, or in the distance of the scene.
Graphic Design Active Layer- When you create multi layers for your images the active layer, or the only one that will be affected by your actions, is the one with a blue background in your layers palette.
More informationFundamentals of Signature Analysis
Fundamentals of Signature Analysis An In-depth Overview of Power-off Testing Using Analog Signature Analysis www.huntron.com 1 www.huntron.com 2 Table of Contents SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION... 7 PURPOSE...
More informationHow To Use 3D On A Computer Or Tv
Display technologies seminar 3D Displays What is 3D? 3D History 3D production 3D Displays 3D now Agenda 13 May 2010 Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Lauri Virkki What is 3D? Eyes are average 64
More informationRevision History. Date Page Summary. Approved By: Document Number: OG24161 r.0 Page 1 of 11
Tel: (972) 437-3888 Fax: (972)437-2562 Email: lcd@ocularlcd.com LCD Graphic STN Module Specification Model: OG24161 Table of Contents 1 Construction and Outline...2 2 Module Specifications...2 Table 1
More informationUsing Photorealistic RenderMan for High-Quality Direct Volume Rendering
Using Photorealistic RenderMan for High-Quality Direct Volume Rendering Cyrus Jam cjam@sdsc.edu Mike Bailey mjb@sdsc.edu San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California San Diego Abstract With
More informationChapter 3 SYSTEM SCANNING HARDWARE OVERVIEW
Qiang Lu Chapter 3. System Scanning Hardware Overview 79 Chapter 3 SYSTEM SCANNING HARDWARE OVERVIEW Since all the image data need in this research were collected from the highly modified AS&E 101ZZ system,
More informationGas Dynamics Prof. T. M. Muruganandam Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. Module No - 12 Lecture No - 25
(Refer Slide Time: 00:22) Gas Dynamics Prof. T. M. Muruganandam Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module No - 12 Lecture No - 25 Prandtl-Meyer Function, Numerical
More informationWhy Network Administrators Should Explore the V in K-V-M Switches
Why Network Administrators Should Explore the V in K-V-M Switches Executive Overview Computer video signals have continued to evolve over the last several decades during which an enterprise reference to
More informationControlling a Dot Matrix LED Display with a Microcontroller
Controlling a Dot Matrix LED Display with a Microcontroller By Matt Stabile and programming will be explained in general terms as well to allow for adaptation to any comparable microcontroller or LED matrix.
More informationIndex. ROPIX P18 Hardware... 3. ROPIX P18 Software... 12 ROPIX P18
Index ROPIX P18 Hardware... 3 I. ROPIX P18 Profile Overview... 3 II. Parameter... 5 Sending Card... 6 Receiving Card... 8 Maintenance Tools... 8 III. ROPIX P18 Installation... 9 Cabinet Assembly... 9 Controlling
More informationELECTRONIC DOCUMENT IMAGING
AIIM: Association for Information and Image Management. Trade association and professional society for the micrographics, optical disk and electronic image management markets. Algorithm: Prescribed set
More informationStandard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography 1
Designation: E 1815 96 (Reapproved 2001) Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1815; the number immediately
More informationRIGOL Data Sheet. DS1000E, DS1000D Series Digital Oscilloscopes DS1102E, DS1052E, DS1102D, DS1052D. Product Overview. Applications. Easy to Use Design
RIGOL Data Sheet DS1000E, DS1000D Series Digital Oscilloscopes DS1102E, DS1052E, DS1102D, DS1052D Product Overview DS1000E, DS1000D series are kinds of economical digital oscilloscope with high-performance.
More informationAdding Animation With Cinema 4D XL
Step-by-Step Adding Animation With Cinema 4D XL This Step-by-Step Card covers the basics of using the animation features of Cinema 4D XL. Note: Before you start this Step-by-Step Card, you need to have
More informationOLED Status quo and Merck s position
OLED Status quo and Merck s position Merck Information Day 2013 A Deep Dive into Merck s LC&OLED Business Dr. Udo Heider Vice President OLED Darmstadt, Germany June 26, 2013 Disclaimer Remarks All comparative
More informationGet started. Hang a green screen. Set up your lighting
Excerpted from Adobe Premiere Pro Studio Techniques by Jacob Rosenberg. Using green screen keying techniques, you can make a person appear in different locations or environments. In the Lord of the Rings
More informationGE Medical Systems Training in Partnership. Module 8: IQ: Acquisition Time
Module 8: IQ: Acquisition Time IQ : Acquisition Time Objectives...Describe types of data acquisition modes....compute acquisition times for 2D and 3D scans. 2D Acquisitions The 2D mode acquires and reconstructs
More informationPreliminary Draft May 19th 1992. Video Subsystem
Video Subsystem 2 Preliminary Draft May 19th 1992 Video Subsystem Section 1. Introduction....................... 1-1 Video Subsystem.......................... 1-2 Section 2. VGA Function......................
More informationSensors and Cellphones
Sensors and Cellphones What is a sensor? A converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument What are some sensors we use every
More informationAutomatic 3D Mapping for Infrared Image Analysis
Automatic 3D Mapping for Infrared Image Analysis i r f m c a d a r a c h e V. Martin, V. Gervaise, V. Moncada, M.H. Aumeunier, M. irdaouss, J.M. Travere (CEA) S. Devaux (IPP), G. Arnoux (CCE) and JET-EDA
More informationMONOCHROME RGB YCbCr VIDEO DIGITIZER
Active Silicon SNAPPER-PMC-8/24 MONOCHROME RGB YCbCr VIDEO DIGITIZER High quality analogue video acquisition board with square pixel sampling for CCIR, EIA (RS-170) standards, and nonstandard video formats.
More informationImplementing ISO12646 standards for soft proofing in a standardized printing workflow
Implementing ISO12646 standards for soft proofing in a standardized printing workflow Aditya Sole Implementing ISO12646 standards for soft proofing in a standardized Gjøvik University College, The Norwegian
More information