European and other examples of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in waste management

Transcription

1 European and other examples of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in waste management Wolfgang Kickmaier Arius Association Switzerland With input from John Mathieson, NDA INPRO Dialogue Forum on Global Nuclear Energy Sustainability: Drivers and Impediments for Regional Cooperation on the Way to Sustainable Nuclear Energy Systems 30 July 3 August 2012, Vienna

2 Overview International organisations IAEA AAEA OECD NEA Multinational collaboration IFNEC - International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation EDRAM - International Association for Environmentally Safe Disposal of Radioactive Materials Arius - Association for International and Regional Underground Storage European-specific collaboration Club of Agencies 7 th Framework Programme R&D Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform (IGD-TP) SAPIERR; ERDO Conclusions

3 International Organisations

4 High level strategic advice from the IAEA

5 IAEA Reports on Multilateral Waste Management Issues New NE Report Options for Management of SNF and Radwaste For Countries Developing Nuclear Power (in prep.)

6 The AAEA A sub-organization of The Arab League; established in 1989 The structure of AAEA is similar to that of IAEA; General Conference, Executive Council Promotes peaceful application of atomic energy through many activities; training, CRPs, meetings and conferences.. 13 Arab states are members of AAEA

7 League Of Arab States (22 Countries) Population: 340 Million (US 312 Million; EC 500 Million) Gulf Countries: UAE KSA Qatar Oman Bahrain Kuwait African Countries: Algeria Morocco Tunisia Libya Egypt Sudan Somalia Djibouti Comoros Mauritania Other Arab Countries: Lebanon Syria Jordan Palestine Yemen Iraq In red: AAEA members

8 AAEA - Types of activities Activities include: Co-ordinated research projects, experts meetings, scientific visits, training courses, on-job training, workshops, conferences, seminars and expert missions. Contributing in knowledge and technology transfer in nuclear field by providing the universities and colleges with proper curricula. Publishing and translate many books in different fields of nuclear sciences. Publishing a quarterly newsletter.

9 OECD-NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee: organizes most work in this area Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) Working Party on Management of Materials from Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) Committee on Radioprotection and Public Health (CRPP): also has relevant activities see also: Country reports/profiles

10 Multinational Collaboration

11 International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) Participants Observer Organizations Observer Countries 1. Argentina 22. Oman 1. International Atomic 1. Algeria 22. South Africa 2. Armenia 23. Poland Energy Agency (IAEA) 2. Bahrain 23. Spain 3. Australia 24. Romania 2. Generation IV 3. Bangladesh 24. Sweden 4. Bulgaria 25. Russia International Forum (GIF) 4. Belgium 25. Switzerland 5. Canada 26. Senegal 3. Euratom 5. Brazil 26. Tanzania 6. China 27. Slovakia 6. Chile 27. Tunisia 7. Estonia 28. Ukraine IFNEC provides a forum 7. Czech Republic 28. Turkey for cooperation among participating states to 8. France 29. U.A.E 8. Egypt 29. Uganda 9. Germany 30. U.K. 9. Finland 30. Vietnam 10. Ghana 31. U.S. 10. Georgia 11. Hungary explore mutually 11. Greece 12. Italy beneficial approaches to 12. Indonesia 13. Japan 13. Latvia 14. Jordan ensure the use of nuclear 14. Malaysia 15. Kazakhstan energy 15. Mexico 16. Kenya 16. Mongolia 17. Republic of Korea 17. Nigeria 61 Countries and Kuwait 18. Philippines 19. Lithuania 19. Qatar 20. Morocco International 20. Singapore 21. Netherlands 21. Slovakia Organizations

12 IFNEC - Radioactive Waste Management Original Gobal Nuclear Enegery partnership (GNEP) renamed to IFNEC in June 2010 The Radioactive Waste Management Subgroup (of IDWG) reinforces the importance of radioactive waste management Working from a consolidated topic list Research and Development Funding and institutional arrangements Interactions with stakeholders Safe and secure storage and transport of used fuel and radioactive waste prior to disposition Opportunities and constraints for regional and/or shared disposal facilities Opportunities for changing how human resources are developed Will be addressing waste issues for Small Modular Reactors

13 EDRAM International Association for Environmentally Safe Disposal of Radioactive Materials Discuss strategic questions among implementers to support their individual approaches on policy issues. Stimulate coordinated R&D activities, particularly in URLs Define positions, coordinate actions, in dealing with international organisations (e.g. OECD, IAEA, EU) No active project work currently

14 ARIUS Association for Regional and International Underground Storage Arius is a non-profit Association established 2002 in Switzerland to concepts for socially acceptable, international and regional solutions for environmentally safe, secure and economic storage and disposal of long-lived radioactive wastes Arius has led projects to achieve this mission with the involvement of organisations from many European countries: organisations from the countries below participated in the SAPIERR I or II projects Currently Arius is also involved in the MENA and the SEA regions Austria* Belgium Bulgaria* Czech Rep Estonia Hungary Ireland* Italy* Latvia Lithuania* Netherlands* Poland* Romania* Slovakia* Slovenia* Spain Switzerland UK *governments have nominated representatives to participate in the ERDO-WG

15 The potential of shared National disposal programme only solutions in Europe The 14 SAPIERR Working Group members?? No official policy on multinational No NPP but some waste for deep disposal

16 European-specific collaboration

17 EU Club of Agencies POSIVA SKB ZUOP COVRA NDA ONDRAF/NIRAS ANDRA NAGRA ENRESA ALARA BAPA RATA BfS & DBE RAWRA DECOM PURAM ARAO AN&DR DPRAO/SERAW Nucleco

18 EU Club of Agencies Open to any Member State who has created a separate/dedicated WMO Expanded at each accession of new MS European Commission (DG Energy Secretariat) Plus NAGRA (CH) Sharing of experiences within EU context Interaction with DG ENER and DG Research Provides informal advice to EC (e.g. on draft Directives and their implementation) And R&D (superseded by IGD-TP) Meets 2x / year since 1985!

19 From bilateral to multinational Cooperation Development of cooperation at the Grimsel Test Site (Nagra)

20 EU R&D FP The framework programmes are the biggest funder of collaborative projects 7th Framework Programme ( ) of Fission R&D (287m) A new programme Horizon 2020 is in the planning stage (launch of first calls 2014) R&D Activities related to geological disposal (& P&T) Organisations in EU countries plus others Good financial leverage of R&D activities EU co funds Originally fundamental R&D, now more towards implementation, hence IGD-TP

21 This image cannot currently be displayed. Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform The mission of the IGD- TP is to be a tool to support confidencebuilding in the safety and implementation of deep geological disposal solutions. Involves many EU, WMOs & universities, research institutes etc. within and outside of Europe /

22 Other related EU Collaboration European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group Created in 2007 at the decision of the European Commission Senior officials from the national nuclear safety, radioactive waste safety or radiation protection regulatory authorities from all 27 Member States Helping to establish the conditions for continuous improvement and to reach a common understanding in the areas of nuclear safety and radioactive waste management Western European Nuclear Regulator s Association A network of Chief Regulators of EU countries, Switzerland, and other European countries with observer status (Ukraine, Armenia, Russia...) European Nuclear Energy Forum ( Founded in 2007, ENEF gathers all relevant stakeholders in the nuclear field ENEF is a platform for a broad discussion, free of any taboos, on transparency issues as well as the opportunities and risks of nuclear energy

23 European Municipalities It s not just institutions / organisations that collaborate Group of European Municipalities with Nuclear Facilities GMF commitments are: Ensuring that European nuclear municipalities take part in the discussion forums and in the decision making processes Carrying out projects with the participation of its members in order to favour their integration in the European Union Information exchange about the nuclear reality in the European countries and about municipal experiences Improving the knowledge about nuclear reality in Europe, its safety and its future.

24 I Support Action: Pilot Initiative for European Regional Repositories ( ) Strategic Action Plan for Implementation of European Regional Repositories ( ) 1. technical disposal solutions 2. programme timescales 3. national & EU legal issues 4. costs The European SAPIERR and ERDO Projects II 1. organisational structures 2. liabilities 3. economics 4. security issues 5. societal issues Set the framework for ERDO-WG as the next step forward

25 A Credible Disposal Strategy Interim + Long-term Storage (a key component) Technical Disposal Concept(s) Established Financing Mechanisms Potential Repository Siting Options (safe, secure) (conservative, segregated) (the hardest part) Dual Track National Siting Options Multinational Siting Options Leasing or Take Back Regional Partnerships

26 ERDO-WG: Mission Statement...work together to address common challenges of safely managing the long-lived radioactive wastes in our countries....investigate feasibility of establishing a formal, joint European waste management organization....carry out all necessary groundwork to enable establishment of a European Repository Development Organization as a working entity and present a consensus proposal to our governments....if sufficiently broad consensus is achieved by our governments or their representatives, ERDO will be established at the end of this process.

27 ERDO-WG: Status Group was established in countries* nominated representatives; other interested Terms of references and outreach programme agreed Key ERDO Documents have been prepared: ERDO Model Constitution (Draft Articles of Incorporation) ERDO Operational Guidelines Approach to Repository Siting Guidelines 8 meetings: Brussels, Prague, Vlissingen (2), Rome, Bratislava, Vienna (2) Submitted proposals to all EU Member States in late 2011 Time to complete its work difficult to predict but closely linked to EU Directive: probably around 18 months (end 2013)? * Austria, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Italy, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia, Denmark

28 The Route to a Solution: ERDO-WG ERDO ERO ERDO-WG Working Group to lay the foundations for the ERDO ERDO European Repository Development Organisation ERO European Repository Organisation Investigation of Sites Preferred Site: trigger for ERO Binding host agreements times uncertain/flexible

29 European Repository Development Organisation (ERDO): Concept Basic studies complete - time to move from research to implementation START SMALL- move forward in adaptive, staged manner 2009/13: Ad-hoc working group (ERDO-WG) to agree organisational framework and project plan and allocate funds 2013/14: earliest establishment of formal ERDO ~2020: Possible conversion to commercial European Repository Organisation (ERO) as project moves towards licensing Success in Europe may show the way ahead for other world regions such as the Central- and South America, Middle East, Africa and South East Asia

30 A Multiplicity of Stakeholders The Partnership

31 ERDO and the Siting Problem But which country will be the host?..you will never find a country that is willing to host a repository for other people s waste...but there is a way forward, modelled on the best international practice being pursued today

32 Finding a repository site Basis: voluntary, interested host communities Inclusive process, led by ERDO working directly with national team members and local volunteer communities No national governmental declaration of willingness to be a host is required at the outset Allows national governments to follow a dual track approach: national and regional options Potential host communities and countries will emerge after a lengthy process of negotiation Country can withdraw from process at any time up to final siting decision

33 A host and its neighbours... HOST could be: Community County Region Country NEIGHBOUR could also be: Community County Region Country...relations with neighbours is a matter of scale - not principle, nor process

34 Nuclear Engineering International, May a bottom-up, volunteer approach from communities

35 Perceived Negative Interactions & Implications of Co-existence Host community concern that national GDF will eventually be opened up commercially to other nations European law may force a NP with an operational GDF to accept waste from another European country MNPs presented as unethical because they derogate the responsibility of a country to manage its own wastes Focus on MNPs may distract and slow down NPs at a critical time in their development Existence of MNPs may allow countries to take a do nothing approach to their wastes, in the hope that a solution will be found for them Public criticism of MNPs can both undermine the MNPs and rebound to affect NPs.. but

36 Advantages of Multinational Repositories Economy of scale (Earlier) access to safe disposal facilities Enhanced global nuclear security Lower environmental impact Wider choice of geological conditions Increased technical potential

37 Existing and potential new nuclear power nations: can the ERDO model be adapted for use in other regions? ERDO N. Africa Arabian Gulf S.E. Asia Central and South America Arius has started a pilot project, supported by US charitable foundations (Hewlett and Sloan Foundations), to explore the potential interest and adaptability of the concept in some of these regions

38 Conclusions National, regional and international organisations, initiatives, associations or projects offer active platforms / networks for all stakeholder groups it s never too early to get involved in waste management ERDO-WG developed a model for a multinational European repository, which could be adopted to other regions; proposals were submitted to EU member states Related studies underway for MENA and SEA regions Partnership, transparency, openness and the dual track approach are key essences for a successful implementation National and multinational repository projects have to go through exactly the same technical and stakeholder steps International cooperation should never be used as an argument to postpone a decision or to establish a wait and see strategy

39 The End