San Francisco s Widening Income Inequality

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1 San Francisco s Widening Income Inequality May 2014 San Francisco Human Services Agency

2 Economic Trends May 2014 San Francisco Human Services Agency

3 San Francisco Human Services Agency 3

4 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% SF Household Income Class Distribution, The middle class is shrinking 30% 30% 32% 45% 40% 34% 25% 25% 29% High Middle Low Sources: 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census, Year ACS San Francisco Human Services Agency 4

40% 34% 25% 25% 29% 1990 2000 2012 High Middle Low Sources: 1990 and

5 Difference in Educational Attainment of San Francisco Adult Residents (18+) 1990 vs ,000 80,000 83,825 60,000 50,652 40,000 20, ,000-12,385-2,445-40,000-60,000-34,028 Less than High School Diploma High School Graduate or Equivalent AA Degree Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Decennial Census and 2010 ACS San Francisco Human Services Agency 5

Less than High School Diploma High School Graduate or Equivalent AA Degree Bachelor's Degree Graduate

6 San Francisco Human Services Agency 6

7 Bachelor s Degree or More in SF 1990 Source: Census Bureau San Francisco Human Services Agency 7

8 Bachelor s Degree or More in SF 2000 Source: Census Bureau San Francisco Human Services Agency 8

9 Bachelor s Degree or More in SF 2012 Source: Census Bureau San Francisco Human Services Agency 9

10 Number of households Household Income Distribution in San Francisco * 80, ,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 <$25k $25-50k $50-75k $75-100k $ k $ k $ k $ k $200k+ Source: IPUMS; 1990 Census 5%, 2000 Census 5%, and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates * Real household income, 2010 adjusted dollars San Francisco Human Services Agency 10

$125-150k $150-170k $175-200k $200k+ Source: IPUMS; 1990 Census 5%, 2000 Census 5%, and 2010 ACS

11 Household Income Over $150,000 in SF 1990 Source: Census Bureau San Francisco Human Services Agency 11

12 Household Income Over $150,000 in SF 2000 Source: Census Bureau San Francisco Human Services Agency 12

13 Household Income Over $150,000 in SF 2012 Source: Census Bureau San Francisco Human Services Agency 13

14 San Francisco Human Services Agency 14

15 0.540 Rising Income Inequality in California Counties Household Income Gini Coefficients 2007, (1.0 = 1 person in community receiving all income; 0.0 = everyone sharing equally.) San Francisco Los Angeles Alameda San Diego Santa Clara Orange Source: 2007 and 2012 ACS 1-Year Estimates (Table B19083) San Francisco Human Services Agency 15

460 0.440 0.458 0.475 0.467 0.466 0.464 0.451 0.452 0.457 0.420 0.

16 Inequality Across California Counties, 2012 San Francisco has the highest inequality County Population Household Income Ratio 20th Percentile 95th Percentile San Francisco 824,855 $22,000 $361, Los Angeles 3,857,786 $17,657 $217, Santa Clara 1,837,578 $35,800 $340, Fresno 947,810 $18,000 $166, Orange County 3,089,867 $31,000 $280, San Diego 3,177,449 $26,900 $218, Source: Year ACS (IPUMS Sample), Brookings Institution 2014 San Francisco Human Services Agency 16

3 Santa Clara 1,837,578 $35,800 $340,000 9.5 Fresno 947,810 $18,000 $166,500 9.3 Orange County 3,089,867 $31,000 $280,000 9.

17 Change in Inequality Among California Counties, San Francisco has experienced the highest increase in inequality County Change Household Income, th Percentile 95th Percentile Change in Ratio, San Francisco -$2,000 $41, Santa Clara $800 $46, Fresno -$2,000 $10, Orange County -$2,000 $21, San Diego $100 $3, Source: Year ACS (IPUMS Sample), Brookings Institution San Francisco Human Services Agency 17

Francisco -$2,000 $41,600 3.1 Santa Clara $800 $46,430 1.1 Fresno -$2,000 $10,500 1.5 Orange County -$2,000 $21,000 1.

18 San Francisco Human Services Agency 18

19 20% 18% Poverty in Major California Counties, Poverty has remained flat since 2011, except in San Francisco and Los Angeles where it has been increasing 18.3% 19.1% 16% Los Angeles 15.1% 15.0% 14% 12% San Diego 13.8% 12.9% 12.9% 10% San Francisco 10.6% 10.8% 8% Orange Santa Clara 6% Source: 1-Year ACS San Francisco Human Services Agency 19

1% 16% Los Angeles 15.1% 15.0% 14% 12% San Diego 13.8% 12.9% 12.9% 10% San Francisco 10.6% 10.

20 Race, Ethnicity, and Age Trends May 2014 San Francisco Human Services Agency

21 San Francisco by Largest Ethnic Minority Groups, , ,000 Native American population ,100 3,185 5,742 4,024 Asian/PI (including Chinese) 268, , , Chinese alone 181, ,000 89,278 Latino* 121,774 50,000 African-American 46, Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 Census San Francisco Human Services Agency 21

22 San Francisco Adult and Child Population, ,000, , , , , , , , , , , ,748 21% 19% 21% 938, ,711 Adults Children 25% 22% 17% 107,524 16% 14% 13% Source: US Census Bureau, IPUMS and 2010 Census San Francisco Human Services Agency

23 Change in Population by Age in San Francisco San Francisco Human Services Agency 23

24 Moved to SF in 2012: Median Age: 27 Years Old 72% Never Married 52% White Source: Year ACS San Francisco Human Services Agency 24

25 Family Trends San Francisco Human Services Agency

26 San Francisco Population by Ethnicity, 2010 Total Population Child Population Ethnicity Count Percent Count Percent White 337,451 42% 28,946 27% Asian/PI 268,828 33% 37,588 35% Latino 121,774 15% 24,301 23% African-American 46,781 6% 7,584 7% Native American 1,828 <1% 157 <1% Other 28,573 4% 8,948 8% Total 805, % 107, % Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 Census San Francisco Human Services Agency 26

27 Distribution of Child Poverty (130% FPL) in SF by Race, 2011 African Americans and Latinos make up a higher proportion of poor children compared to the overall child population All Children White African-American API Latino Other Native American Poor Children White African-American API Latino Other Native American Source: Year ACS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% San Francisco Human Services Agency 27

28 Compared to very low-income households, lowincome households are more likely to be API or Latino and less likely to be African-American or white. San Francisco Human Services Agency 28

29 Income standards for San Francisco Families CalWORKs with Food Stamp benefit, family of 3* CalWORKs cash grant with Food Stamp benefit, family of 3 Income Standards for San Francisco Families $10,392 $10,392 Federal poverty level, Federal poverty level, family of family 3 of 3 $18,530 $17,600 Self-Sufficiency Standard for 1 Sel adult, f-suffi 2 children ci ency Standard for 1 adult, 2 children* Median San Francisco Income, 3 person household $57,658 $57,658 $74,600 Median San Francisco Income, 3 person household Single parent, 2 kids Any combination of three persons $60,000 $99,205 Sources: The Insight Center for Community Economic Development aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/figures-fed-reg.shtml; San Francisco Mayor's Office of Housing, Sources: * The Insight Center for Community Economic Development, 2008; US Census Bureau, American Community Survey; US Department of Health and Human Services, 2011 FPL standard San Francisco Human Services Agency

30 CalWORKs Cash Aid Source: California Budget Project, February 2012 San Francisco Human Services Agency 30

31 Percent of Households that are Doubled-Up, % 37.4% 25.0% 18.0% 16.1% White African-American Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Latino Source: 2010 ACS 1-year estimates; Doubled-up households are households that include an adult who is not the householder, spouse, or cohabitating partner of the householder. San Francisco Human Services Agency 31

32 Predictive Factors at Birth in San Francisco The increased likelihood of children whose mothers had less than a high school education were to be reported for child maltreatment before the age of five (compared to those with college degrees) 251% more likely (3.5 X). Increased likelihood of having a report substantiated 508% more likely Increased likelihood of entering foster care 1,215% more likely. Increased likelihood of report for children whose birth payment method was public insurance or charity care 91%; substantiated report 137%; foster care 212%. Putnam-Hornstein, E., Children s Data Network, 2014 San Francisco Human Services Agency 32

33 San Francisco Human Services Agency

34 San Francisco Human Services Agency

35 Common Trajectory of Children with Child Welfare, Mental Health, and Juvenile Probation Involvement San Francisco Human Services Agency

36 What is the role of social services and family support in an environment of extreme income inequality? Better integration with education and other services. Address needs of families just above income eligibility criteria. Address the isolation of low income families. Address material needs of families. Make employment support more accessible and immediate. Recognize changing demographics. San Francisco Human Services Agency 36

Who is Placed in the Supervised Independent Living Placement (SILP)?

Who is Placed in the Supervised Independent Living Placement (SILP)? By Amy Lemley, Policy Director Background On January 1, 2012, the State of California implemented extended foster care, which increased